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Willi Agatz
Willi Agatz
	Agatz c. 1930
Member of the Bundestag; for North Rhine-Westphalia
	In office; 7 September 1949 – 7 September 1953
Preceded by	Constituency established
Succeeded by	Multi-member district
Member of the; Landtag of North Rhine-Westphalia
	In office; 26 September 1946 – 6 September 1949
Preceded by	Constituency established
Succeeded by	Multi-member district
National Leader of the; Revolutionäre Gewerkschafts Opposition
	In office; September 1933 – January 1934
Preceded by	Fritz Schulte
Succeeded by	Position abolished
Member of the Reichstag; for Westphalia South
	In office; 13 October 1930 – 28 February 1933
Preceded by	Multi-member district
Succeeded by	Constituency abolished
Personal details
Born	10 June 1904; Essen, Province of Westphalia, Kingdom of Prussia, German Empire
Died	29 August 1957 (aged 53); East Berlin. East Germany
Political party	SPD (1920–1922); KPD (1922–1953); SED (1953–1957)
Spouse	Käte Bergmann (m. 1927)
Occupation	Trade unionist
Military service
Allegiance	Nazi Germany
Branch/service	Wehrmacht
Years of service	1943–1945
Unit	999th Penal Battalion
Battles/wars	World War II Eastern Front; ;

Wilhelm "Willi" Agatz (10 June 1904 – 29 August 1957) was a German trade unionist, politician and resistance fighter of the Communist Party (KPD) who served in the Reichstag before World War II and the Bundestag after.^[1]^[2]

Early life

Wilhelm Agatz was born in the Heisingen district of Essen, the son of Social Democratic miner Ludgar Agatz and factory worker Maria, née Blondrath. He attended elementary school in Essen and did an apprenticeship as a miner at the Carl Funke Mine and later at the Ludwig Mine in Bergerhausen. In 1920 he joined and founded a local group of the Socialist Workers' Youth. After completing his apprenticeship, he joined the Union of Miners of Germany (VdBD) and was elected to the works council at the Ludwig mine.^[3]

Political career

Agatz joined the Young Communist League in 1922 and the Communist Party proper in 1924.^[2] In 1927, he married Käte Bergmann and moved to Recklinghausen. In 1930, he was expelled from the VdBD for his communist politics,^[3] and soon after became involved in the Revolutionäre Gewerkschafts Opposition (RGO), organizing in the Ruhr region. The same year, he was elected to the Reichstag representing the Westphalia South district. At 26 years old, he was the third-youngest member of the body, behind Nazi Rudolf Schmeer and fellow Communist Artur Becker.^[1]

Agatz joined the RGO's national leadership in 1931, and served as Chairman of the Unified Association of German Miners (EvBD) from May 1932 to April 1933, succeeding Albert Funk.^[3] After the Nazis came to power, Agatz lost his seat in the Reichstag but continued to work underground. In September 1933, he moved to the Schöneberg district of Berlin and became National Leader of the RGO after Fritz Schulte was forced to flee the country, organizing the union's illegal work until his own arrest on January 18, 1934.^[2]^[4] He was detained for over a year at Columbia-Haus, Alexanderplatz, and Moabit before the People's Court sentenced him to three more years at the Luckau prison. Rather than being released at the end of his sentence, he was sent to Sachsenhausen, where he was interned until October 1939.^[3] Even after his release, he remained under police supervision.

World War II

Agatz worked as a bricklayer at Hochtief AG^[2] until being drafted into the Wehrmacht in January 1943. He was assigned to the 999th Penal Battalion,^[3] serving in Greece, Czechia, Poland, and the Baltic States. He was scheduled to be executed on May 8, 1945, but because the Nazis had surrendered the previous day, the officer in charge did not carry out the order.^[5]

Agatz was taken prisoner by the Soviets and sent to the Klaipeda POW Camp, where he became head of the Antifascist Committee. He was released on May 7, 1946, exactly one year after the German surrender.^[5]

Postwar career

After his release from captivity, Agatz returned to Essen and helped establish the Industrial Union of Mining (IG Bergbau). At the end of the year, he became second chairman of the union in the British occupation zone^[5] after losing the election for first chairman to Social Democrat August Schmidt by a margin of 232 to 349.^[6] He lost re-election in 1948 and was expelled from the union altogether in 1950, both as a result of anticommunist sentiment.^[2]

In 1946, Agatz was appointed a member of the Landtag of North Rhine-Westphalia, where he was active in the labor and economic committees and advocated for the socialization of mining.^[5] He served in that office until his election to the Bundestag in 1949, where he remained until 1953.^[7] He was also a member of the KPD Party Executive in West Germany until it was banned in 1956.^[3]

Soon after leaving office, Agatz was charged with treason relating to the publication and distribution of propaganda. Although the proceedings were temporarily suspended, Agatz decided to move to East Germany and continue his propaganda work from there. At the same time, his health began to rapidly deteriorate, and he eventually passed away in East Berlin on August 28, 1957. He was 53 years old.^[5]

The chief physician's report stated:

"From the medical history it was clear that Mr. Agatz had been exposed to severe physical and mental stress as a result of Nazi violence. In addition, he went through a period of chronic malnutrition, tertian and tropical malaria in 1943 and dysentery at the same time. [...] After the malaria treatment, he developed heart problems with shortness of breath, which meant that physical exertion was very poorly tolerated."^[5]

Legacy

In East Germany, the Freital Coalworks (VEB Steinkohlenwerk Freital) was renamed VEB Steinkohlenwerk "Willi Agatz" in 1958. It operated a mine in the Döhlen Basin in Dresden-Gittersee and was taken over in 1968 as the "Willi Agatz" Mining Company by the SDAG Wismut (Soviet-German Joint Stock Company) in order to mine the uranium-rich hard coal there. Additionally, the sanatorium for dust lung patients in Bad Suderode was named after him until 1990.

Literature

Herbst, Ludolf; Jahn, Bruno (2002). Vierhaus, Rudolf (ed.). Biographisches Handbuch der Mitglieder des Deutschen Bundestages. 1949–2002 [Biographical Handbook of the Members of the German Bundestag. 1949–2002] (in German). München: De Gruyter - De Gruyter Saur. p. 1715. ISBN 978-3-11-184511-1.

References

^ ^a ^b Reichstags-Handbuch. 1932, [1] = 6. Wahlperiode. Berlin: Deutsches Reich. Reichstag. 1932. p. 28.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Hermann Weber; Andreas Herbst. "Agatz, Wilhelm". Handbuch der Deutschen Kommunisten. Karl Dietz Verlag Berlin & Bundesstiftung zur Aufarbeitung der SED-Diktatur, Berlin. Retrieved 26 February 2022.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f "Wilhelm Agatz". columbiahaus.de. German Resistance Memorial Center. Retrieved 9 December 2024.
^ Heinz, Stefan [in German] (2010). Moskaus Söldner?: der "Einheitsverband der Metallarbeiter Berlins": Entwicklung und Scheitern einer kommunistischen Gewerkschaft. VSA Verlag. pp. 325–326.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f "Willi Agatz (KPD)". landtag.nrw.de. Landtag Nordrhein-Westfalen. 2021. Retrieved 9 December 2024.
^ Major, Patrick (3 October 2011). 'The ‘Battlefield on the Shop-Floor’ Factory Groups, Works Councils, and Trade Unions', The Death of the KPD: Communism and Anti-Communism in West Germany, 1945-1956. Oxford: Oxford Historical Monographs. pp. 149–193. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198206934.003.0006.
^ "Die Mitglieder des Deutschen Bundestages - 1.-13. Wahlperiode: Alphabetisches Gesamtverzeichnis; Stand: 28. Februar 1998" [The members of the German Bundestag - 1st - 13th term of office: Alphabetical complete index] (PDF). webarchiv.bundestag.de (in German). Deutscher Bundestag, Wissenschaftliche Dienste des Bundestages (WD 3/ZI 5). 28 February 1998. Retrieved 21 May 2020.