White-spotted fantail

White-spotted fantail
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Rhipiduridae
Genus: Rhipidura
Species:
R. albogularis
Binomial name
Rhipidura albogularis
(Lesson, 1831)

The white-spotted fantail or spot-breasted fantail (Rhipidura albogularis) is a small passerine bird. It is found in forest, scrub and cultivation in southern and central India. It was formerly considered a subspecies of the white-throated fantail.[2]

Taxonomy

The white-spotted fantail was formally described in 1831 by the French naturalist René Lesson under the binomial name Muscicapa (Muscylva) albogularis.[3][4] It is now one of over 60 fantails placed in the genus Rhipidura that was introduced in 1827 by the naturalists Nicholas Vigors and Thomas Horsfield.[5]

Two subspecies are recognised:[5]

  • R. a. albogularis (Lesson, RP, 1831) – peninsular India
  • R. a. vernayi (Whistler, 1931) – southeast India

Description

The adult white-spotted fantail is about 19 cm (7.5 in) long. It has a dark fan-shaped tail, edged in white, and white supercilium and throat. Birds are mainly slate grey above, with a black eye mask, and a white throat and eyebrow. It has whitish underparts, and a grey breast band that is spotted white.

Behaviour

The white-spotted fantail lays three eggs in a small cup nest in a tree.

The white-spotted fantail is insectivorous, and often fans its tail as it moves through the undergrowth.

Not normally renowned as a songster, the male uses a fixed and unmistakable pattern of musical notes in its call. The notes are loud and normally divided into two stanzas – the first with 5–6 trilling notes rising and falling, followed by 4–5 notes rising up the scale and ending in the highest note.

Birds use the same song year after year, with progressively small changes, with the result that the song sounds very different after 4–5 years. The male's call is a valuable tool in detection and identification of the bird.

References

  1. ^ BirdLife International. (2017) [amended version of 2016 assessment]. "Rhipidura albogularis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T103709613A118756437. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T103709613A118756437.en. Retrieved 10 December 2018.
  2. ^ Birds of India by Grimmett, Inskipp and Inskipp, ISBN 0-691-04910-6
  3. ^ Lesson, René P. (1831). Bélanger, Charles (ed.). Voyage aux Indes-orientales, par le nord de l'Europe (in French). Vol. 3: Zoologie. Paris: Arthus Bertrand. pp. 264–265.
  4. ^ Mayr, Ernst; Cottrell, G. William, eds. (1986). Check-List of Birds of the World. Vol. 11. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 534.
  5. ^ a b Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (December 2023). "Orioles, drongos, fantails". IOC World Bird List Version 14.1. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 16 January 2024.

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