What's the 411?

What's the 411?
What's the 411?
Studio album by Mary J. Blige
Released	July 28, 1992
Recorded	1991–1992
Studio	Chung King Studios (New York City); The Hit Factory (New York City); Marathon Studios (New York City); Soul Convention Studios; (Queens, New York City);
Genre	R&B; hip hop soul; new jack swing;
Length	51:59
Label	Uptown; MCA;
Producer	Sean "Puffy" Combs (exec.); DeVante Swing; Tony Dofat; Dave "Jam" Hall; Mark Morales; Cory Rooney;
Mary J. Blige chronology
Singles from What's the 411?
	"You Remind Me"; Released: June 23, 1992; "Real Love"; Released: August 25, 1992; "Reminisce"; Released: October 13, 1992; "Sweet Thing"; Released: April 2, 1993; "Love No Limit"; Released: May 10, 1993;

What's the 411? is the debut album by American R&B singer Mary J. Blige. It was released on July 28, 1992, by Uptown Records and MCA Records. After signing a record contract with Uptown, Blige began working on the album with producer Sean "Puffy" Combs. Other producers and songwriters included DeVante Swing, Tony Dofat, Dave Hall, Mark Morales and Mark "Cory" Rooney. The resulting music covered hip hop soul, contemporary R&B, and new jack swing styles.

What's the 411? was also met with positive reviews from critics, who applauded Blige's singing and the combination of hip hop and soul music, which led to her being named the "Queen of Hip Hop Soul". The album peaked at number six on the US Billboard 200 and topped the US Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart.^[2] It was certified triple platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) and eventually sold 3.5 million copies.

Background

At the age of 17, Blige recorded a cover version of Anita Baker's "Caught Up in the Rapture" in a recording booth at a local mall. Her mother's boyfriend at the time later played the cassette to recording artist and A&R runner for Uptown Records, Jeff Redd.^[3] Redd then sent it to the president and chief executive officer of the label, Andre Harrell. Blige met with Harrell in 1990 and performed the song for him.^[4]^[5] She was signed to Uptown and became the label's youngest and third female recording artist (after Finesse N' Synquis).^[6]

Recording

After being signed to Uptown Records, Blige began working with record producer Puff Daddy.^[5] He became the executive producer and produced a majority of the album.^[7] The title, What's the 411?, derived from Blige's past occupation as a 4-1-1 operator;^[8] it was also an indication by Blige of being the "real deal".^[9] The music was described as "revelatory on a frequent basis".^[10] Blige was noted for having a "tough girl persona and streetwise lyrics".^[11] The album begins with "Leave a Message", a collection of Blige's answering machine messages over a drum beat. The following two tracks, "Reminisce" and "You Remind Me", are melancholy songs that are overlaid with hip hop beats.^[12] A cover of Chaka Khan's "Sweet Thing" followed.^[13]

Release and promotion

What's the 411? was released on July 28, 1992.^[14] It peaked at number six on the Billboard 200 and topped the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart.^[2] It also peaked at number 53 on the UK Albums Chart.^[15] The first single released to promote the album was "You Remind Me", originally from 1991 film Strictly Business. It reached the number 29 position on the pop charts and number 1 on the R&B charts in 1992. The next single, "Real Love" (#7 pop, #1 R&B, 1992), made Blige one of the year's biggest crossover successes.^[16]

With the album, Blige became the most successful new female R&B artist of 1992 in the United States, according to music scholar Dave McAleer.^[17] Reporting on the album's commercial success for Entertainment Weekly that year, Dave DiMartino said Blige's "powerful, soulful voice and hip-hop attitude" made her "solidly connected with an audience that has never seen a woman do new jack swing but loves it just the same".^[18] The following year, a remix album was released to further market What's the 411?, while "Sweet Thing" reached number 28 on the pop charts as a single.^[16]

In 2000, What's the 411? was certified triple platinum by the RIAA for shipments of over three million copies.^[19] As of July 2022, it has sold 3.5 million copies in the United States.^[20]

Critical reception

Professional ratings
Review scores
Source	Rating
AllMusic	^[10]
Bravo	^[21]
Calgary Herald	C+^[22]
Chicago Tribune	^[23]
Christgau's Consumer Guide	^[24]
The Encyclopedia of Popular Music	^[25]
Entertainment Weekly	A^[26]
Los Angeles Times	^[27]
MusicHound R&B	^[28]
Orlando Sentinel	^[29]
The Rolling Stone Album Guide	^[11]

What's the 411? received positive reviews from contemporary critics.^[14] Reviewing the album for Entertainment Weekly in 1992, Havelock Nelson hailed it as "one of the most accomplished fusions of soul values and hip-hop to date" while comparing Blige's "powerful voice" to Khan, Anita Baker, and Caron Wheeler.^[26] Connie Johnson from the Los Angeles Times was particularly impressed by her rendition of "Sweet Thing" and "You Remind Me", calling the latter track "one of those perfect singer-to-song matches".^[27] People magazine said the album succeeded because of Blige's "fly-girl attitude" and singing ability, even though "she may not be Chaka Khan or Gladys Knight".^[30] Mitchell May was more critical in the Chicago Tribune, writing that aside from the title track and "Sweet Thing", What's the 411? was marred by dull production and "silly lyrics" depriving the singer of self-esteem.^[23] Village Voice critic Robert Christgau was largely unimpressed, grading the album a "dud" in his consumer guide.^[31] He later upgraded his score to a one-star honorable mention—indicating "a worthy effort that consumers attuned to its overriding aesthetic or individual vision may well like"; he named "Sweet Thing" and "Real Love" as highlights while writing that "real is not enough, but attached to the right voice it's something to build on".^[24]

The album was voted the year's 30th best in the Pazz & Jop—an annual poll of American critics nationwide, published by The Village Voice.^[32] It also earned Blige two Soul Train Music Awards in 1993: Best New R&B Artist and Best R&B Album, Female.^[33]

What's the 411? has since been viewed by critics as one of the 1990s' most important records.^[14] Blige's combination of vocals over a hip hop beat proved influential in contemporary R&B.^[34] With the album, she was dubbed the reigning "Queen of Hip Hop Soul", Stanton Swihart wrote in a retrospective review for AllMusic. He called it "the decade's most explosive, coming-out displays of pure singing prowess".^[10] According to David O'Donnell from BBC Music, What's the 411? was groundbreaking in its fusion of R&B hooks and hip hop beats, creating the formula for the contemporary R&B of the following decade. He complimented Blige's "sweet, soulful vocals", in line with Puff Daddy's "rough, jagged, hip-hop beats made for a winning combination that remains one of Blige's finest albums".^[35] In The Rolling Stone Album Guide (2004), Tom Moon wrote that with the album, Blige offered "a gritty undertone and a realism missing from much of the devotional love songs ruling the charts at that time."^[11]

In 2020, the album was ranked 271 on Rolling Stone's "500 Greatest Albums of All Time" list.^[36]

Track listing

*What's the 411?* track listing
No.	Title	Writer(s)	Producer(s)	Length
1.	"Leave a Message"	Sean "Puffy" Combs Tony Dofat	Dofat Combs	3:38
2.	"Reminisce"	Kenny Greene Dave Hall	Hall Combs^[A]	5:24
3.	"Real Love"	Mark Morales Mark C. Rooney	Morales Rooney	4:32
4.	"You Remind Me"	Hall Eric Milteer	Hall	4:19
5.	"Intro Talk" (performed by Busta Rhymes)	Dofat Busta Rhymes	Dofat Combs	2:17
6.	"Sweet Thing"	Chaka Khan Tony Maiden	Morales Rooney	3:46
7.	"Love No Limit"	Greene Hall	Hall	5:01
8.	"I Don't Want to Do Anything" (featuring K-Ci Hailey of Jodeci)	Devante Swing	DeVante Swing	5:52
9.	"Slow Down"	Rooney Morales Joseph E. Keeley	Morales Rooney	4:33
10.	"My Love"	Greene Hall	Hall	4:14
11.	"Changes I've Been Going Through"	Combs Morales Rooney	Combs Morales Rooney	5:15
12.	"What's the 411?" (featuring Grand Puba)	Dofat Maxwell Dixon	Dofat Combs	4:13

Notes

^{^[A]} denotes co-producer

Sample credits

"Leave a Message (Intro)" contains a sample of "P.S.K. – What Does It Mean?" as performed by Schoolly D.
"Reminisce" contains a sample of "Stop, Look, Listen" as performed by MC Lyte.
"Real Love" contains a sample of "Top Billin'" as performed by Audio Two.
"You Remind Me" contains a sample of "Remind Me" as performed by Patrice Rushen.
"Intro Talk (Interlude)" contains a sample of "Hydra" as performed by Grover Washington, Jr.
"Sweet Thing" is a cover of "Sweet Thing" as performed by Rufus and Chaka Khan.
"Changes I've Been Going Through" contains a sample of "Make the Music With Your Mouth, Biz" as performed by Biz Markie.
"What's the 411?" contains a sample of "Pride and Vanity" as performed by the Ohio Players; "Very Special" as performed by Debra Laws.

Personnel

Mary J. Blige – vocals, background vocals
Tabitha Brace – background vocals
Jamie Brown – engineer
Puff Daddy – producer
Tony Dofat – producer, performer
Steven Ett – engineer
Mike Fonda – engineer
Grand Puba – background vocals, vocal harmony, performer
Andy Grassi – engineer
Cedric "K-Ci" Hailey – vocal harmony, performer
Dave Hall – drums, keyboards, producer
Andre Harrell – engineer
Kurt Juice – drums
David Kennedy – engineer

Clark Kent – engineer
Billy Lawrence – background vocals
Little Shawn – background vocals
Tony Maserati – engineer
Mark Morales A.K.A Prince Markie Dee – producer, drum machine
Darryl Pearson – multi-instruments
Gordon Picket – programming
Mark C. Rooney – keyboards, background vocals, producer
Terri Robinson – background vocals
Busta Rhymes
CL Smooth – background vocals
DeVante Swing – keyboards, multi-instruments, producer
Christopher Williams – background vocals

Charts

Weekly charts

Weekly chart performance for *What's the 411?*
Chart (1992)	Peak position
UK Albums (OCC)^[37]	53
US Billboard 200^[38]	6
US Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums (Billboard)^[39]	1

Year-end charts

Year-end chart performance for *What's the 411?*
Chart (1992)	Position
US Billboard 200^[40]	72
US Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums (Billboard)^[41]	26
Chart (1993)	Position
US Billboard 200^[42]	36
US Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums (Billboard)^[43]	9

Certifications

Certifications for *What's the 411?*
Region	Certification	Certified units/sales
United Kingdom (BPI)^[44]	Silver	60,000^*
United States (RIAA)^[45]	3× Platinum	3,000,000^{^}
^* Sales figures based on certification alone. ^{^} Shipments figures based on certification alone.

Notes

^ "Amazon.com: Mary J. Blige: Real Love: Music". Amazon.com. Retrieved November 13, 2014.
^ ^a ^b "What's the 411? (1992)". Billboard. Nielsen Business Media. Retrieved 2009-07-24.
^ Whetstone, Muriel L. (October 1995). "Goin' Down and Up with Mary J. Blige". FindArticles. CBS Corporation. pp. 1–3. Retrieved 2009-07-24.
^ Watrous, Peter (1992-08-26). "The Pop Life". The New York Times. p. 2. Retrieved 2009-07-24.
^ ^a ^b "Stardom Shaped By the Street and the Makers of Image". The New York Times. 1995-08-05. Retrieved 2009-07-24.
^ "Mary J. Blige: Biography". Rolling Stone. Wenner Media. Archived from the original on 2010-02-17. Retrieved 2009-07-24.
^ Reid, Shaheem; Oh, Minya (2003-03-14). "Mary J. Blige Teams Up with 50 Cent, P. Diddy to Discuss Love and Life". MTV News. Archived from the original on 2005-05-01. Retrieved 2009-07-24.
^ Yeransian, Leslie (2006-06-22). "Mary J. Blige: From the Projects to Hip-Hop Soul Queen". ABC News. p. 1. Retrieved 2009-07-24.
^ Bailey 2009, p. 15
^ ^a ^b ^c Swihart, Stanton. "What's the 411? – Mary J. Blige". AllMusic. Retrieved July 24, 2009.
^ ^a ^b ^c Moon, Tom (2004). "Mary J. Blige". In Brackett, Nathan; Hoard, Christian (eds.). The New Rolling Stone Album Guide (4th ed.). Simon & Schuster. pp. 83–4. ISBN 0743201698.
^ "Mary J Blige, Rose Hall, New York 16 October". The Observer. Guardian News & Media. 2005-11-20. Archived from the original on 2012-09-26. Retrieved 2009-07-24.
^ "Blige's Biggest". The News & Observer. The McClatchy Company. 2007-12-16. Retrieved 2009-07-24. ^{[dead link]}
^ ^a ^b ^c Dawes, Laina (December 1, 2014). "Mary J Blige's "My Life" Turns 20". Cuepoint. Retrieved September 17, 2016.
^ "The Official Charts Company: Mary J. Blige - What's the 411?". Official Charts Company. Retrieved 2009-07-24.
^ ^a ^b "Mary J. Blige". New Rolling Stone Encyclopedia of Rock & Roll. Fireside. 1995. ISBN 0684810441.
^ McAleer 1995, p. 307
^ DiMartino, Dave (1992-11-20). "Close-up: Mary J. Blige". Entertainment Weekly. Time. Archived from the original on 2012-10-12. Retrieved 2009-07-24.
^ "RIAA - Gold & Platinum". RIAA. Archived from the original on 2015-10-17. Retrieved 2009-07-24.
^ Arnold, Chuck (July 28, 2022). "Mary J. Blige's 'What's The 411?' at 30: Every Track Ranked". Billboard. Billboard. Retrieved July 26, 2023.
^ Riemann, Hannsjörg (January 1994). "Platten News: Alben & CDs". Bravo (in German). p. 56. Retrieved January 14, 2023.
^ Tremblay, Mark (December 13, 1992). "Recent Releases". Calgary Herald.
^ ^a ^b May, Mitchell (November 12, 1992). "Mary J. Blige: What's the 411? (MCA)". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved September 17, 2016.
^ ^a ^b Christgau, Robert (2000). Christgau's Consumer Guide: Albums of the '90s. Macmillan Publishers. pp. xvi, 31. ISBN 0312245602.
^ Larkin, Colin (2011). "Mary J. Blige". The Encyclopedia of Popular Music (5th concise ed.). Omnibus Press. ISBN 978-0857125958.
^ ^a ^b Nelson, Havelock (August 7, 1992). "What's the 411?". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on October 5, 2012. Retrieved January 11, 2023.
^ ^a ^b Johnson, Connie (December 6, 1992). "Holiday Gift-Giving--The Hints of '92". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved September 17, 2016.
^ Graff, Gary; du Lac, Josh Freedom; McFarlin, Jim, eds. (1998). "Mary J. Blige". MusicHound R&B: The Essential Album Guide. Visible Ink Press. ISBN 1578590264.
^ Gettelman, Parry (September 25, 1992). "Mary J. Blige". Orlando Sentinel.
^ "Picks and Pans Review: Mary J. Blige". People. Vol. 38, no. 26. December 28, 1992. Retrieved September 17, 2016.
^ Christgau, Robert (January 26, 1993). "Consumer Guide". The Village Voice. Retrieved September 17, 2016.
^ "Pazz & Jop". The Village Voice. March 2, 1993. p. 5.
^ Warner 2008, p. 325
^ Horan, Tom (2002-04-23). "Blige blows Brum's socks off". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 2014-03-06. Retrieved 2009-07-24.
^ O'Donnell, David (2008-12-12). "Mary J. Blige What's The 411? Review". BBC Music. Archived from the original on 2013-09-04. Retrieved 2009-07-24.
^ "The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time". Rolling Stone. 22 September 2020.
^ "Mary J. Blige | Artist | Official Charts". UK Albums Chart. Retrieved 2016-09-03.
^ "Mary J. Blige Chart History (Billboard 200)". Billboard. Retrieved 2016-09-03.
^ "Mary J. Blige Chart History (Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums)". Billboard. Retrieved 2016-09-03.
^ "Billboard 200: Year End 1992". Billboard. Retrieved June 21, 2018.
^ "R&B/Hip-Hop Albums: Year End 1992". Billboard. Retrieved June 21, 2018.
^ "Billboard 200: Year End 1992". Billboard. Retrieved June 21, 2018.
^ "R&B/Hip-Hop Albums: Year End 1993". Billboard. Retrieved June 21, 2018.
^ "British album certifications – Mary J Blige – What's the 411?". British Phonographic Industry.
^ "American album certifications – Mary J Blige – What's the 411?". Recording Industry Association of America.

References

Bailey, Diane (2009). Mary J. Blige. The Rosen Publishing Group. ISBN 978-1-4358-5055-2.
Brackett, Nathan; Hoard, Christian David (2004). The New Rolling Stone Album Guide: Completely Revised and Updated 4th Edition. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0-7432-0169-8.
McAleer, Dave (1995). All Music Book of Hit Albums: The Top 10 U.S. and U.K. Album Charts from 1960 to the Present Day. Hal Leonard Corporation. ISBN 978-0-87930-393-8.
Warner, Jay (2008). Notable Moments of Women in Music. Hal Leonard Corporation. ISBN 978-1-4234-2951-7.

External links

What's the 411? at Discogs

[amazon-1] "Amazon.com: Mary J. Blige: Real Love: Music". Amazon.com. Retrieved November 13, 2014.

[Billboard_albums-2] "What's the 411? (1992)". Billboard. Nielsen Business Media. Retrieved 2009-07-24.

[3] Whetstone, Muriel L. (October 1995). "Goin' Down and Up with Mary J. Blige". FindArticles. CBS Corporation. pp. 1–3. Retrieved 2009-07-24.

[4] Watrous, Peter (1992-08-26). "The Pop Life". The New York Times. p. 2. Retrieved 2009-07-24.

[NY_Times-5] "Stardom Shaped By the Street and the Makers of Image". The New York Times. 1995-08-05. Retrieved 2009-07-24.

[6] "Mary J. Blige: Biography". Rolling Stone. Wenner Media. Archived from the original on 2010-02-17. Retrieved 2009-07-24.

[7] Reid, Shaheem; Oh, Minya (2003-03-14). "Mary J. Blige Teams Up with 50 Cent, P. Diddy to Discuss Love and Life". MTV News. Archived from the original on 2005-05-01. Retrieved 2009-07-24.

[8] Yeransian, Leslie (2006-06-22). "Mary J. Blige: From the Projects to Hip-Hop Soul Queen". ABC News. p. 1. Retrieved 2009-07-24.

[9] Bailey 2009, p. 15

[Allmusic-10] Swihart, Stanton. "What's the 411? – Mary J. Blige". AllMusic. Retrieved July 24, 2009.

[Moon-11] Moon, Tom (2004). "Mary J. Blige". In Brackett, Nathan; Hoard, Christian (eds.). The New Rolling Stone Album Guide (4th ed.). Simon & Schuster. pp. 83–4. ISBN 0743201698.

[12] "Mary J Blige, Rose Hall, New York 16 October". The Observer. Guardian News & Media. 2005-11-20. Archived from the original on 2012-09-26. Retrieved 2009-07-24.

[13] "Blige's Biggest". The News & Observer. The McClatchy Company. 2007-12-16. Retrieved 2009-07-24. ^{[dead link]}

[cuepoint-14] Dawes, Laina (December 1, 2014). "Mary J Blige's "My Life" Turns 20". Cuepoint. Retrieved September 17, 2016.

[Chart_Stats-15] "The Official Charts Company: Mary J. Blige - What's the 411?". Official Charts Company. Retrieved 2009-07-24.

[rse-16] "Mary J. Blige". New Rolling Stone Encyclopedia of Rock & Roll. Fireside. 1995. ISBN 0684810441.

[17] McAleer 1995, p. 307

[DiMartino-18] DiMartino, Dave (1992-11-20). "Close-up: Mary J. Blige". Entertainment Weekly. Time. Archived from the original on 2012-10-12. Retrieved 2009-07-24.

[RIAA-19] "RIAA - Gold & Platinum". RIAA. Archived from the original on 2015-10-17. Retrieved 2009-07-24.

[20] Arnold, Chuck (July 28, 2022). "Mary J. Blige's 'What's The 411?' at 30: Every Track Ranked". Billboard. Billboard. Retrieved July 26, 2023.

[21] Riemann, Hannsjörg (January 1994). "Platten News: Alben & CDs". Bravo (in German). p. 56. Retrieved January 14, 2023.

[22] Tremblay, Mark (December 13, 1992). "Recent Releases". Calgary Herald.

[chicagotribune-23] May, Mitchell (November 12, 1992). "Mary J. Blige: What's the 411? (MCA)". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved September 17, 2016.

[CG-24] Christgau, Robert (2000). Christgau's Consumer Guide: Albums of the '90s. Macmillan Publishers. pp. xvi, 31. ISBN 0312245602.

[25] Larkin, Colin (2011). "Mary J. Blige". The Encyclopedia of Popular Music (5th concise ed.). Omnibus Press. ISBN 978-0857125958.

[EW-26] Nelson, Havelock (August 7, 1992). "What's the 411?". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on October 5, 2012. Retrieved January 11, 2023.

[latimes-27] Johnson, Connie (December 6, 1992). "Holiday Gift-Giving--The Hints of '92". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved September 17, 2016.

[28] Graff, Gary; du Lac, Josh Freedom; McFarlin, Jim, eds. (1998). "Mary J. Blige". MusicHound R&B: The Essential Album Guide. Visible Ink Press. ISBN 1578590264.

[29] Gettelman, Parry (September 25, 1992). "Mary J. Blige". Orlando Sentinel.

[30] "Picks and Pans Review: Mary J. Blige". People. Vol. 38, no. 26. December 28, 1992. Retrieved September 17, 2016.

[31] Christgau, Robert (January 26, 1993). "Consumer Guide". The Village Voice. Retrieved September 17, 2016.

[32] "Pazz & Jop". The Village Voice. March 2, 1993. p. 5.

[33] Warner 2008, p. 325

[34] Horan, Tom (2002-04-23). "Blige blows Brum's socks off". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 2014-03-06. Retrieved 2009-07-24.

[BBC-35] O'Donnell, David (2008-12-12). "Mary J. Blige What's The 411? Review". BBC Music. Archived from the original on 2013-09-04. Retrieved 2009-07-24.

[36] "The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time". Rolling Stone. 22 September 2020.

[Chart_Stats-UK-37] "Mary J. Blige | Artist | Official Charts". UK Albums Chart. Retrieved 2016-09-03.

[Billboard_200-38] "Mary J. Blige Chart History (Billboard 200)". Billboard. Retrieved 2016-09-03.

[Billboard_albums-RandB-39] "Mary J. Blige Chart History (Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums)". Billboard. Retrieved 2016-09-03.

[year-end1992-1-40] "Billboard 200: Year End 1992". Billboard. Retrieved June 21, 2018.

[year-end1992-2-41] "R&B/Hip-Hop Albums: Year End 1992". Billboard. Retrieved June 21, 2018.

[year-end1993-1-42] "Billboard 200: Year End 1992". Billboard. Retrieved June 21, 2018.

[year-end1993-2-43] "R&B/Hip-Hop Albums: Year End 1993". Billboard. Retrieved June 21, 2018.

[United_KingdomMary_J_BligeWhat's_the_411?albumCertRef-44] "British album certifications – Mary J Blige – What's the 411?". British Phonographic Industry.

[United_StatesMary_J_BligeWhat's_the_411?albumCertRef-45] "American album certifications – Mary J Blige – What's the 411?". Recording Industry Association of America.

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What's the 411?

Background

Recording

Release and promotion

Critical reception

Track listing

Personnel

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Certifications

See also

Notes

References

External links

This information is adapted from Wikipedia which is publicly available.

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