West Hempstead Branch

Not to be confused with the Hempstead Branch.

West Hempstead Branch
A West Hempstead-bound train at the Westwood station.
Overview
StatusOperational
OwnerLong Island Rail Road
LocaleNassau County, New York, USA
Termini
  • St. Albans
  • West Hempstead
Stations6
Service
TypeCommuter rail
SystemLong Island Rail Road
Services
  West Hempstead Branch
Operator(s)Metropolitan Transportation Authority
Ridership895,877 (annual ridership, 2023)[1]
History
Opened1893
Technical
Track gauge4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge
ElectrificationThird rail, 750 V DC
Route map
Map
Legend
Main Line
to Penn Station, Grand Central, or Long Island City
Atlantic
Zone 1
Zone 3
9.0 mi
14.5 km
 Jamaica
"E" train​​"J" train​"Z" train
Atlantic Branch
via Laurelton
Main Line
11.8 mi
19 km
 St. Albans
Queens
Nassau
Zone 3
Zone 4
16.1 mi
25.9 km
Valley Stream
Far Rockaway
16.2 mi
0.0 mi
Long Beach Babylon via Montauk
1.3 mi
2.1 km
 Westwood
2.1 mi
3.4 km
 Malverne
3.3 mi
5.3 km
 Lakeview
4.0 mi
6.4 km
 Hempstead Gardens
4.6 mi
7.4 km
 West Hempstead
former Mineola service
Hempstead Branch 
Country Life Press
Mitchel Field Secondary
and Hempstead Branch
Stewart Avenue
Hempstead Crossing
Mineola (Main Line)
Distances shown from Long Island City via the Lower Montauk Branch
This diagram:

The West Hempstead Branch is an electrified rail line owned and operated by the Long Island Rail Road (LIRR). It runs between Valley Stream and West Hempstead, in Nassau County, New York, United States.

Route description

The branch separates from the Montauk Branch just east of Valley Stream, and runs northeast to West Hempstead. The line has one track between Westwood station and Hempstead Gardens and two from there to the end of the line in West Hempstead, the southbound or east track being a siding. The right-of-way of the West Hempstead Branch is wide enough for two tracks for its whole length.[3] There are three grade-crossings on the line, reducing the maximum speed to 65 miles per hour (105 km/h) – and because of curves at the Lakeview and Malverne stations, the speed on that stretch is lowered to 45 miles per hour (72 km/h).[4]

The branch had one manual block from "HC" to "VA" until "WM" block limit was installed in 1935.[5]

As the smallest LIRR commuter branch,[4] the West Hempstead Branch was one of the last in the system to modernize. It was the last of the electrified LIRR branches to receive high-level platforms, receiving them in the early 1970s – in addition to being the last of the electrified branches to be fitted with Automatic Train Control (known as Automatic Speed Control by the LIRR), which it received in October 2009 during a system overhaul and upgrade at VALLEY Interlocking.[5][6][7] Aside from the Greenport Branch, an infrequently served diesel-only part of the Main line, the branch has the lowest ridership of any on the Long Island Rail Road.[4] Subsequently, the branch is one of the Long Island Rail Road lines most vulnerable to closure, and it was threatened with abandonment in the past.[8][9] From September 2010 until November 22, 2014, the line had no weekend service due to budgetary constraints, with St. Albans served by Babylon Branch trains on weekends.[10][11]

History

1897 map of Hempstead, including the West Hempstead Branch before it was truncated south of Hempstead Avenue.

The West Hempstead Branch was the indirect successor to the old South Side Railroad's Southern Hempstead Branch, which ran a similar route north from Valley Stream to Hempstead, before being torn up in the 1880s. On January 26, 1892, the New York Bay Extension Railroad Company was incorporated as a subsidiary of the Long Island Rail Road to build a line running from Garden City to a point in the town of New Lots in Kings County near the intersection with the New York, Brooklyn & Manhattan Beach Railway Company.[12] The 5.89 miles (9,480 m) line was built between Country Life Press to Valley Stream and opened in 1893.[13] The LIRR leased its property in 1897, and formally merged with the New York Bay Extension Railroad on August 29, 1902.[14][15][16] The West Hempstead Branch originally extended beyond its current terminus and through Hempstead. It connected with the current day Hempstead Branch at Country Life Press.[3] From the Country Life Press station, the line had several routings it could take. It could loop west and continue down the Hempstead Branch to Jamaica. Through an elaborate wye system, trains could also loop east and continue down the Central Branch to Babylon (the split between the Hempstead and Central Branches occur just west of Country Life Press). Trains could also head north on the wye and continue all the way north to Mineola and connect with both the Main Line and Oyster Bay Branches.

Storage battery cars ran on the non-electrified branch between June 1913 and May 1926. The upper end of the branch was electrified in 1911 or 1912 from Country Life Press to Franklin Avenue in Garden City to allow MU baggage cars access to the Doubleday plant.[5]

On October 19, 1926, the portion of the line between Valley Stream and Franklin Avenue in Garden City was electrified at the cost of $1 million and it was inaugurated with a special train.[17][5][18] New through service running between Valley Stream and Mineola began on the West Hempstead Branch the next day. The freight sidings, however, were not electrified until 1927 and 1928. The connection to the Oyster Bay Branch was severed in 1928, while the portions of the line between Mineola and Country Life Press and between Country Life Press and West Hempstead were taken out of revenue passenger service on September 15, 1935 due to the costly grade crossing elimination improvements imposed upon the LIRR by the Interstate Commerce Commission, as well as the New York Public Service Commission. This meant that no more thru service between Valley Stream and Mineola could operate.[18][19]

The track connection at Country Life Press to the West Hempstead Branch was removed on August 19, 1960, and on this same date the tracks were cut back from Country Life Press to the west side of the Franklin Avenue crossing. The remaining tracks north of West Hempstead at Hempstead Avenue were removed sometime between 1967 and 1969. Freight trains and non-revenue rerouting trains continued down these portions up until their closure.[19] The rights-of-way remain intact.[20]

2023 service changes

Prior to February 27th, 2023, off-peak service was provided by a bi-hourly shuttle service operating between West Hempstead and Valley Stream, with St. Albans being served by Babylon Branch trains. However, as West Hempstead branch trains crossed both tracks of the Montauk Branch to enter Track 1 at Valley Stream, this limited service that could be provided on both branches. This effect also extended to the Long Beach and Far Rockaway branches, as both branches would have to provide bi-directional service on a single track through the station. Following the full opening of Grand Central Madison, service to Atlantic Terminal in Brooklyn was cut back to a shuttle to Jamaica. To compensate for the lack of through service to Brooklyn and to allow for cross-platform-transfers at Jamaica for Brooklyn-bound customers, off-peak West Hempstead trains stopped serving Valley Stream and began running hourly through to Atlantic Terminal with peak trains now serving both Penn Station and Grand Central Terminal as of February 27th, 2023.[21][22]

Stations

West of St. Albans, all trains terminate at Atlantic Terminal, Grand Central Madison, Jamaica, or Penn Station.[21][22] During weekdays, most trains terminate at Atlantic Terminal, Grand Central Madison, and Penn Station, with one eastbound shuttle between Jamaica and St. Albans originating at Jamaica. During weekends and holidays, all trains terminate at Atlantic Terminal.[21][22]

Stations beyond West Hempstead were on a former connection to the Oyster Bay Branch that was abandoned in 1966.

Zone[23] Location Station Miles (km)
from Long Island City via the Lower Montauk Branch[2] 		Date
opened 		Date
closed 		Connections and notes
3 St. Albans, Queens St. Albans Disabled access 11.8 (19.0) 1898[24] New York City Bus: Q4
Springfield Gardens, Queens Springfield Gardens c. 1870 1979 Originally named Springfield
Zone Location Station Miles (km)
from Valley Junction[2] 		Date
opened 		Date
closed 		Connections and notes
4 Malverne Westwood Disabled access 1.3 (2.1) 1929
Malverne Disabled access 2.1 (3.4) c. 1909 Nassau Inter-County Express: n31, n31x, n32
West Hempstead Lakeview Disabled access 3.3 (5.3) 1924 Nassau Inter-County Express: n15
Hempstead Gardens Disabled access 4.0 (6.4) 1893 Nassau Inter-County Express: n15
West Hempstead Disabled access 4.6 (7.4) 1928 Nassau Inter-County Express: n15, n31, n31x, n32
Garden City Country Life Press 1911 1939 Served by Hempstead Branch trains
Stewart Avenue 1923 1926 Built to replace Hempstead Crossing, but abandoned upon electrification
Hempstead Crossing 1894 1923 Also named Garden City[25]
Mineola Mineola 1837 1928 Served by Main Line trains

References

  1. ^ "2023 ANNUAL RIDERSHIP REPORT". mta.info. Retrieved June 6, 2024.
  2. ^ a b c Long Island Rail Road (May 14, 2012). "TIMETABLE No. 4" (PDF). p. VII. Retrieved August 4, 2022.
  3. ^ a b "West Hempstead Stations". www.lirrhistory.com. Archived from the original on April 17, 2000. Retrieved August 18, 2016.
  4. ^ a b c Ain, Stewart (March 10, 2002). "West Hempstead Line's Squeaky Wheels". New York Times. Retrieved November 1, 2011. West Hempstead branch had a daily ridership of 3,550, the lowest of the railroad's 11 branches. That compares with 58,000 [sic] on the Oyster Bay branch, which has the next smallest number of riders.
  5. ^ a b c d Keller, Dave. "West Hempstead Branch". trainsarefun.com. Retrieved April 28, 2016.
  6. ^ Cook, Christopher; Crook, Howard (June 18, 1972). "LIRR Revamps Its Schedules; Adds Trains on Most Branches". Newsday. pp. 3, 31 – via ProQuest.
  7. ^ "WM Interlocking". The LIRR Today. Retrieved November 13, 2013.
  8. ^ Ain, Stewart (August 8, 2004). "M.T.A.'s Threat Drops Some Jaws". New York Times. Retrieved November 1, 2011. Brian Dolan, a spokesman for the railroad, said the elimination of the [Oyster Bay, West Hempstead, and Greenport] branches would be a 'drastic step we would hope we would not have to implement.' He said the move was being considered because of a projected $1.3 billion budget shortfall that the transportation authority, the railroad's parent, is facing in 2006.
  9. ^ Scheer, Jason (August 5, 2004). "End of the line?West Hempstead LIRR line threatened under MTA plan". Herald Community Newspapers. Retrieved April 26, 2024.
  10. ^ Alcindor, Yamiche (September 18, 2010). "An empty feeling on LIRR's West Hempstead branch". Newsday. Archived from the original on November 27, 2011. Retrieved November 1, 2011. The elimination of the branch's 17 weekend trains is aimed at helping the struggling Metropolitan Transportation Authority close a $900-million budget gap. The cutback will save $474,000 a year, officials have said.
  11. ^ Irizarry, Lisa; Cassese, Sid (November 22, 2014). "Weekend service returns to LIRR branch". Newsday. Archived from the original on May 30, 2016. Retrieved April 28, 2016.
  12. ^ "3 Feb 1897, Page 5 - The Brooklyn Daily Eagle at Newspapers.com". Brooklyn Public Library. Retrieved March 13, 2018.
  13. ^ "Corporate Succession Long Island Railroad". rnetzlof.pennsyrr.com. Retrieved March 13, 2018.
  14. ^ "LIRR 75 Anniversary". www.trainsarefun.com. Retrieved April 28, 2016.
  15. ^ Hinsdale, Elizur Brace (1898). History of the Long Island Railroad Company, 1834-1898. Evening Post Job Printing House.
  16. ^ Senate, New York (State) Legislature (1913). Documents of the Senate of the State of New York. E. Croswell. pp. 615, 618, 842.
  17. ^ "WILL HAIL ELECTRIC TRAIN; West Hempstead Branch Towns to Celebrate New Service Today" (PDF). New York Times. October 19, 1926. Retrieved November 1, 2011. The first electric train of the Long Island Railroad to run over the recently electrified West Hempstead branch will leave the Pennsylvania Terminal this afternoon, carrying railroad officials and delegations from the communities affected. The train will be an express to Mineola, where the principal celebration will be held.
  18. ^ a b "WHBrEL". www.arrts-arrchives.com. Retrieved April 28, 2016.
  19. ^ a b "LIRR Branch Notes". www.trainsarefun.com. Retrieved April 28, 2016.
  20. ^ "Mineola to West Hempstead". www.lirrhistory.com. Archived from the original on August 29, 2000. Retrieved April 28, 2016.
  21. ^ a b c "Changes to LIRR West Hempstead Branch service in 2023". MTA. Retrieved March 1, 2023.
  22. ^ a b c "West Hempstead Branch Timetable" (PDF), Long Island Rail Road PDF Timetables, MTA, archived from the original on January 9, 2024, retrieved February 10, 2024
  23. ^ "New Fares — Effective April 21, 2019". Metropolitan Transportation Authority. Retrieved April 27, 2020.
  24. ^ Long Island Railroad Station History (TrainsAreFun.com)
  25. ^ Hempstead Crossing Station and Country Life Press (Arrt's Arrchives)
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