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Vendée Globe
First held	1989
Type	single-handed non-stop round-the-world race
Classes	IMOCA 60
Start	Les Sables-d'Olonne
Finish	Les Sables-d'Olonne
Length	24,000 nmi (44,000 km)
Champions	Maître Coq IV; Yannick Bestaven
Most titles	Michel Desjoyeaux (2)
Website	www.vendeeglobe.org

The Vendée Globe is a single-handed (solo) non-stop, unassisted round the world yacht race.^[1]^[2] The race was founded by Philippe Jeantot in 1989,^[3] and since 1992 has taken place every four years. It is named after the Département of Vendée, in France, where the race starts and ends. The Vendée Globe is considered an extreme quest of individual endurance and the ultimate test in ocean racing.^[4]^[5]

The race

History

The race was founded as "The Globe Challenge" in 1989 by French yachtsman Philippe Jeantot.^[6] Jeantot had competed in the BOC Challenge in 1982–83 and 1986–87, winning the 60-foot class ("Class I") both times. The BOC Challenge was sailed in stages with sailors being given the chance to rest and repair their boats at ports around the world.^[6]Unsatisfied with the race's format, he decided to set up a new round-the-world non-stop race, which he felt would be the ultimate challenge for single-handed sailors.^[7]

The first race was run in 1989–90, and was won by Titouan Lamazou; Jeantot himself took part, and placed fourth.^[8] The next race was in 1992–93; and it has since then been run every four years. The inaugural race included 11 Frenchmen, one South African (Bertie Reed) and one American (Mike Plant).^[9]

Yachts

The race is open to monohull yachts conforming to the Open 60 class criteria. Prior to 2004, the race was also open to Open 50 boats. The Open classes are unrestricted in certain aspects, but a box rule governs parameters such as overall length, draught, appendages and stability, as well as numerous other safety features.

The race presents significant challenges; most notably the severe wind and wave conditions in the Southern Ocean, the long unassisted duration of the race, and the fact that the course takes competitors far from the reach of any normal emergency response. A significant proportion of the entrants usually retire, and in the 1996–97 race Canadian Gerry Roufs was lost at sea.^[10]

Course

The race starts and finishes in Les Sables-d'Olonne, in the Département of Vendée, in France; both Les Sables d’Olonne and the Vendée Conseil Général are official race sponsors.^[11] The course is essentially a circumnavigation along the clipper route: from Les Sables d’Olonne, down the Atlantic Ocean to the Cape of Good Hope; then clockwise around Antarctica, keeping Cape Leeuwin and Cape Horn to port; then back to Les Sables d’Olonne.^[12] The race generally covers approximately 24,000 nautical miles (44,000 km) and runs from November to February, timed to place the competitors in the Southern Ocean during the austral summer.^[13]

Additional waypoints may be set in the sailing instructions for a particular race, in order to ensure safety relative to ice conditions, weather, etc.^[14] There is also an exclusion zone set around Antarctica where competitors are prohibited to sail due to risk of ice-bergs. ^[15]

The competitors may stop at anchor, but may not draw alongside a quay or another vessel; they may receive no outside assistance, including customised weather or routing information. The only exception is that a competitor who has an early problem may return to the start for repairs and then restart the race, as long as the restart is within 10 days of the official start.

Qualification

To mitigate the risks, competitors are required to undergo medical and survival courses. They must also be able to demonstrate prior racing experience; either a completed single-handed trans-oceanic race or the completion of a previous Vendée Globe. The qualifying race must have been completed on the same boat as the one the sailor will race in the Vendée Globe; or the competitor must complete an additional trans-oceanic observation passage, of not less than 2,500 miles (4,000 km), at an average speed of at least 7 knots (13 km/h), with his or her boat.

Race Editions

1st Edition: 1989–1990

2nd Edition: 1992–1993

3rd Edition: 1996–1997

4th Edition: 2000–2001

5th Edition: 2004–2005

6th Edition: 2008–2009

7th Edition: 2012–2013

8th Edition: 2016–2017

9th Edition: 2020–2021

10th Edition: 2024–2025

Results

Overall winners

Titouan Lamazou (FRA) Écureuil d'Aquitaine II
1989–1990 Winner
Alain Gautier (FRA)
Bagages Superior
1992–1993 Winner
Christophe Auguin (FRA)
Geodis
1996–1997 Winner
Michel Desjoyeaux (FRA)
PRB 2
2000–2001 Winner
Vincent Riou (FRA)
PRB 2
2004–2005 Winner
Michel Desjoyeaux (FRA)
Foncia
2008–2009 Winner
François Gabart (FRA)
Macif
2012–2013 Winner
Armel Le Cléac'h (FRA)
Banque Populaire VIII
2016–2017 Winner
Yannick Bestaven (FRA)
Maître Coq IV
2020–2021 Winner

Overall winners' times

Ed	Year	Skipper	Boat Name	24hr Run	Equator	Cape of Good Hope	Leeuwin	Cape Horn	Equator	Finish Line
1	1989–1990	Titouan Lamazou (FRA)	Écureuil d'Aquitaine II	304 nm						109d 08h 48m
2	1992–1993	Alain Gautier (FRA)	Bagages Superior	339 nm						110d 02h 22m
3	1996–1997	Christophe Auguin (FRA)	Geodis							105d 20h 31m
4	2000–2001	Michel Desjoyeaux (FRA)	PRB 2							093d 03h 57m
5	2004–2005	Vincent Riou (FRA)	PRB 2		10d 12h 13m	24d 02h 18m	36d 09h 48m	56d 15h 13m	72d 11h 24m	086d 32h 13m
6	2008–2009	Michel Desjoyeaux (FRA)	Foncia	466 nm	13d 15h 41m	27d 00h 34m	37d 31h 23m	56d 15h 08m	71d 17h 12m	084d 03h 09m
7	2012–2013	François Gabart (FRA)	Macif	534 nm	11d 00h 20m	23d 03h 43m	34d 10h 23m	52d 06h 18m	66d 01h 39m	078d 02h 16m
8	2016–2017	Armel Le Cléac'h (FRA)	Banque Populaire VIII		09d 09h 56m	18d 03h 30m	28d 20h 12m	47d 00h 32m	61d 12h 21m	074d 03h 36m
9	2020–2021	Yannick Bestaven (FRA)	Maître Coq IV	481.8 (7th)			35d 01h 25m	55d 00h 22m	69d 13h 16m	080d 03h 44m

Farthest distance covered in 24 hours

Edition	Year	Skipper	Boat Name	nautical miles/24h
1	1989–1990	Titouan Lamazou (FRA)	Écureuil d'Aquitaine II	304
2	1992–1993	Alain Gautier (FRA)	Bagages Superior	339
3	1996–1997	Yves Parlier (FRA)	Aquitaine Innovations	374
4	2000–2001	Dominique Wavre (SUI)	Union bancaire privée	430
5	2004–2005	Roland Jourdain (FRA)	Sill et Veolia	439
6	2008–2009	Michel Desjoyeaux (FRA)	Foncia	466
7	2012–2013	François Gabart (FRA)	Macif	534
8	2016–2017	Alex Thomson (GBR)	Hugo Boss 6	536
9	2020–2021	Thomas Ruyant (FRA)	LinkedOut	515

Winners' participation and equipment

Skipper Previous Participation and Boat Information
Year	Skipper	Previous Start/Finish (Best)	Name of Boat	Sail No.	Designer	Builder	Year Launched	Notes	Ref.
1989–1990	Titouan Lamazou (FRA)	N/A	Écureuil d'Aquitaine II		Luc Bouvet Olivier Petit	Chantier Capitaine Flint	1989		^[16]
1992–1993	Alain Gautier (FRA)	1 / 1 6th	Bagages Superior		Finot-Conq	CDK Technologies (FRA)	1992	Aluminum Construction	^[17]
1996–1997	Christophe Auguin (FRA)	Never	Geodis		Finot-Conq	JMV Industries (FRA)	1994		^[18]
2000–2001	Michel Desjoyeaux (FRA)	Never	PRB 2	FRA 85	Finot-Conq	Mag (FRA)	1999		^[19]
2004–2005	Vincent Riou (FRA)	Never	PRB 2	FRA 85	Finot-Conq	Mag (FRA)	1999		^[19]
2008–2009	Michel Desjoyeaux (FRA)	1 / 1 (1st)	Foncia	FRA 101	Farr Yacht Design	CDK Technologies (FRA)	2007		^[20]
2012–2013	François Gabart (FRA)	Never	Macif	FRA 301	Verdier / VPLP	CDK Technologies (FRA) Green Marine (GBR)	2011		^[21]
2016–2017	Armel Le Cléac'h (FRA)	2 / 2 (2nd)	Banque Populaire VIII	FRA 18	Verdier / VPLP	CDK Technologies (FRA)	2015		^[22]
2020–2021	Yannick Bestaven (FRA)	1 / 0	Maître Coq IV	FRA 17	Verdier / VPLP	CDK Technologies (FRA)	2015-03-02	Hydrofoil	^[23]

Starters, finishers and nationalities

	1989–90	1992–93	1996–97	2000–01	2004–05	2008–09	2012–13	2016–17	2020–21	Total
Finishers Overall
Total Finishers	7	7	6	15	13	12	11	18	25	114
First Time Finishers	7	5	6	13	10	9	5	11	18	84
Start/Finish Percentage	54%	50%	40%	62.5%	65%	40%	55%	62%	75.8%	56%
Male	7	7	5	14	11	10	11	18	21	104
Male - First Time	7	5	5	12	8	7	5	11	14	74
Female	-	-	1	1	2	2	0	-	4	10
Female - First Time	-	-	1	1	2	2	0	-	4	10
Starters
Total	13	14	15	24	20	30	20	29	33	198
First Time	13	10	12	15	12	16	5	14	18	115
Male	13	14	13	22	18	28	19	29	27	183
Male - First Time	13	10	10	13	10	14	4	14	13	101
Female	0	0	2	2	2	2	1	0	6	15
Female - First Time	0	0	2	2	2	2	0	0	5	13
Starter Age
Youngest	27*	30*	28	24	29	25	27	23	27	27
Oldest	46*	64*	57	59	49	58	57	66	61	66
Mean	38*	39*	38	39	39	41	42	44	43	40
Starters' Nationality
AUS					1				0.5	1.5
AUT					1	1				2
BEL			1	1						2
CAN			1		0.5	1				2.5
ESP		1		1		1	1	1	1	6
FIN									1	1
FRA	11	8.5	11	12.5	12.5	17	12.5	20	22	127
GBR		2	2	4	3	7	3	1	4	26
GER									1.5	1.5
HUN		1	1					1		3
ITA		1		2			0.5		1	4.5
IRL								1		1
JPN								1	1	2
NED								1		1
NZL								0.5		0.5
POL							1			1
RSA	1									1
RUS				1						1
SUI		0.5		2.5	1	2	2	1	1	10
USA	1				1	1		1.5		4.5

Note * Some sailors' dates of birth unknown

References

^ SSN Staff (13 November 2016). "Vendée Globe: Thomson Leads into the Doldrums". Scuttlebutt Sailing News. Retrieved 13 November 2016.
^ VendéeGlobe.org Staff (13 November 2016). "Home Page, Vendée Globe 2016–2017 [race]". vendeeglobe.org. Retrieved 13 November 2016.
^ BBC Staff (27 January 2013). "Vendee Globe 2012–13: Francois Gabart Breaks Solo Record [BBC Sport: Sailing]". BBC Sport. Retrieved 13 November 2016.
^ Museler, Chris (9 November 2008). "Racers in Vendée Globe Start Nonstop Solo Quest". New York Times. Retrieved 8 December 2008. Compared with other global ocean races […] the Vendée Globe is considered the most extreme sailing event in the world
^ "Vendée Globe: Sailing's Everest". The Independent. 11 November 2008. Archived from the original on 11 August 2022. Retrieved 8 December 2016.
^ ^a ^b The Museum of Yachting (14 November 2016) [1990]. "Philippe Jeantot, 1952–". The Single-Handed Sailors' Hall of Fame. Newport, RI: The Museum of Yachting. Retrieved 14 November 2016 – via Windlass Creative [Sally Anne Santos]. [Quote:] Inducted to Single-Handed Sailors' Hall of Fame, 1990.
^ "Introduction". Vendée Globe. Archived from the original on 15 May 2008. Retrieved 8 December 2016.^{[third-party source needed]}
^ "Edition 1989/1990 : Une grande course est née". Vendée Globe (in French). Archived from the original on 22 October 2004. Retrieved 8 December 2016.
^ "Vendée Globe 1989–90". Vendée Globe. Retrieved 13 September 2017.
^ Evans, Jeremy (1 April 2008). Sailing. Dorling Kindersley Ltd. p. 317. ISBN 978-1-4053-3472-3. Tragically, another life was lost as French Canadian Gerry Roufs was lost at sea
^ VendéeGlobe.org Staff (13 November 2016). "Partners – Vendée Globe 2016–2017". vendeeglobe.org. Retrieved 13 November 2016.^{[third-party source needed]}
^ Nielsen, Peter (11 May 2016). "Inside the Vendée Globe". Sail Magazine. Retrieved 8 December 2016.
^ "Vendee Globe: The race to the end of the world". BBC Sport. Retrieved 9 November 2020.
^ Laven, Kate (3 December 2012). "Vendee Globe 2012–13: Dicing with ice as fleet heads into desolate Southern Ocean". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 8 December 2016.
^ "What is the Vendée Globe? | Vendée Globe 2024".
^ "Boat History Page". Retrieved 28 January 2021.
^ "Boat History Page". Retrieved 28 January 2021.
^ "Boat History Page". Retrieved 28 January 2021.
^ "Document sans titre". Histoiredeshalfs.com. Retrieved 22 January 2021.
^ "Boat History Page". Retrieved 28 January 2021.
^ "Boat History Page". Retrieved 28 January 2021.
^ Thierry Tazé-Bernard (15 January 2015). "Armel Le Cléac'h dévoile son novateur Banque Populaire VIII". francetvsport.fr. Retrieved 20 January 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
^ "IMOCA Class Website Boat Profile". IMOCA Class Association. Retrieved 11 January 2021.