United Minorities

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The United Minorities (Lithuanian: Suvienytos mažumos) was an electoral list representing the Belarusian, German, Jewish and Russian minorities in the May 1923 election to the Second Seimas of interwar Lithuania. The list received 11% of the vote and won ten seats.^[1] Seven seats went to the Jewish faction, two to the German faction and one to the Russian faction.^[1]

History

In the October 1922 election to the First Seimas, the national minorities fared poorly and gained only four seats (Jews won three seats and Poles won one).^[2] The minority groups protested the results and argued that the electoral commission did not properly interpret and apply articles 75 and 76 of the Electoral Law of 27 July 1922. These articles dealt with the method of allocating fractional seats to the parties. The official interpretation favored the large parties. Thus Jewish and Polish parties complained of "stolen" seats and left the First Seimas in protest.^[2]

The First Seimas was deadlocked and President Aleksandras Stulginskis called for new elections. Learning from the previous election, the minority groups decided to present a single unified list. Notably, the Central Polish Electoral Committee was excluded from this list. Poles were perceived as anti-Lithuanian due to the ongoing conflict over Vilnius Region with the Second Polish Republic.^[2]

Elected representatives

Jewish candidates won seven seats: Isaac Brudni (Zionist Revisionists), Leyb Gorfinkel (Tze'irei Zion), Wolf Sulim [lt] (General Zionists), Yosef Shlomo Kahaneman (Agudah), Ozer Finkelstein [lt] (Folkspartei), Jacob Robinson [no] (General Zionists), and Simon Rosenbaum (General Zionists).^[2]

German candidates won two seats: Rudolf Kinder [de] and August Rogall [lt]. Russians won one seat: Evtikhiy Erin [lt].^[3]

References

^ ^a ^b Nohlen, D.; Stöver, P. (2010). Elections in Europe: A Data Handbook. p. 1218. ISBN 978-3-8329-5609-7.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Liekis, Šarūnas (2003). A State within a State? Jewish Autonomy in Lithuania 1918–1925 (in Lithuanian). Versus aureus. pp. 182–183, 185–187. ISBN 9955-9613-5-X.
^ Ragauskas, Aivas; Tamošaitis, Mindaugas, eds. (2007). Lietuvos Respublikos Seimų I (1922–1923), II (1923–1926), III (1926–1927), IV (1936–1940) narių biografinis žodynas. Didysis Lietuvos parlamentarų biografinis žodynas (in Lithuanian). Vol. 3. Vilniaus pedagoginis universitetas. p. 732. ISBN 978-9955-20-345-2.

v t e Political parties in Lithuania
Parties in the Seimas	Social Democratic Party (52) Homeland Union (28) Dawn of Nemunas (20) Union of Democrats "For Lithuania" (14) Liberals Movement (12) Farmers and Greens Union (8) Electoral Action of Poles in Lithuania (3) National Alliance (1) Freedom and Justice (1)
Other active parties	Freedom Party People's Party Regions Party Labour Party Green Party Lithuanian Christian Democracy Party Samogitian Party People and Justice Union Way of Courage Christian Union Young Lithuania Together with the Vytis Lithuanian List Lithuania – For Everyone Centre of Trade Unions KArtu
Defunct parties (since 1990)	Centre Union Christian Conservative Social Union Christian Democratic Union Christian Party Civic Democratic Party Communist Party Democratic Labour Party Front Party Independence Party Labourist Party Liberal and Centre Union Liberal Union Life Logic Party Lithuanian Citizens' Alliance Christian Democrats Christian Democratic Party Democratic Party Lithuanian Liberty League Lithuanian Liberty Union Party of the Economy Peasants Party People's Party (2012) Social Democratic Union Union of Political Prisoners and Deportees Modern Christian-Democratic Union National Democratic Party National Resurrection Party New Democracy Party New Union (Social Liberals) Order and Justice Party of Bread Eaters Party of National Progress Republican League Russian Alliance Sąjūdis Socialist Party Socialist People's Front Union of the Fighters for Lithuania YES Young Communist League
Defunct parties (inter-war)	Achdus Central Polish Electoral Committee Communist Party of Lithuania and Byelorussia Democratic Jewish Union Farmers' Association Farmers' Party Folkspartei General Jewish Labour Bund Lithuanian German Committee Lithuanian Labour Federation Lithuanian Nationalist Union Lithuanian Popular Peasants' Union Lithuanian Popular Socialist Democratic Party Memel Agricultural Party Memel People's Party Memel Workers' Party Peasant Union Polish Socialist Party of Lithuania and Belarus Social Democratic Party of the Memel Territory Union of Christian Socialist Workers of the Memel Region United Minorities Workers' Group of Lithuania
Politics of Lithuania Portal:Politics List of political parties by country

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