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Tsetserleg

Цэцэрлэг
ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠷᠯᠢᠭ
Tsetserleg Цэцэрлэг; ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠷᠯᠢᠭ
District
	Capital of the province
	Tsetserleg
	Coordinates: 47°28′37″N 101°27′01″E / 47.47694°N 101.45028°E
Country	Mongolia
Province	Arkhangai Province
Founded	~1631
Area
• Total	536 km2 (207 sq mi)
Elevation	1,691 m (5,548 ft)
Population (2017)
• Total	21,620
• Density	40/km2 (100/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC+8 (UTC + 8)
Area code	+976 (0)133
Vehicle registration	АР_ ( _ variable)
Website	http://erdenebulgan.ar.gov.mn/

Tsetserleg /ˈtsɛtsərlɛɡ/, also romanized as Cecerleg (Mongolian: Цэцэрлэг, pronounced [ˈt͡sit͡sɪrɮɪk]; lit. "park" or "garden") is the capital of Arkhangai Aimag (province) in Mongolia. It lies on the northeastern slopes of the Khangai Mountains, 600 kilometres (370 miles) southwest of Ulaanbaatar. It has a population of 16,553 (2000 census, with Erdenebulgan sum rural territories population was 18,519), 16,618 (2003 est.), 16,300 (2006 est.).^[1]

Tsetserleg is geographically located in the Bulgan sum in the south of the aimag. It is not to be confused with Tsetserleg sum in the north. In 1992 Tsetserleg was designated as Erdenebulgan sum, which has an area of 536 km² (207 sq mi).

History

Tsetserleg is an ancient cultural and commercial centre. It was once the seat of a monastery (Zayiin Gegeen Monastery),^[2]^[3] built by the First Khalkh Zaya Pandita, Luvsanperenlei (1642–1715) (who should not be confused with Zaya Pandita Namkhaijantsan (1599–1662)). It consisted of the main Guden Süm, the Right, or Summer Semchin Temple, and the Left, or Winter Semchin Temple, all built in the early 1680s. The sixth Zaya Pandita, Jambatseren, was killed by the Communists in 1932, and the main Guden temple was turned into a museum. There is a seventh Zaya Pandita, but he mostly lives in Ulan Bator and visits only occasionally.

Facilities

Tsetserleg has an airport, with regular connections from and to Ulan Bator, a theatre, hotel, hospital, and an agricultural college. The main industry is food processing.

Famous people

Bat-Erdenyn Batbayar (Baabar), historian
Radnaasümbereliin Gonchigdorj
Gelegjamtsyn Ösökhbayar, wrestler
Maidarjavyn Ganzorig, cosmonaut and scientist

Climate

Tsetserleg has a dry-winter subarctic climate (Köppen Dwc, Trewartha Eclc). It is part of a microclimate which experiences cooler summers and warmer winters than the rest of Mongolia. Wind speed is also relatively calm on average. In the coldest month of winter, January, it is often the warmest place in the country and temperatures rarely plummet below -30 °C, often hovering at around -15 °C to -25 °C during nighttime and 5 °C to -15 °C during daytime. In January 2014 and 2015 the coldest temperature was -26 °C (each during a short cold snap) while average minimum temperature was -16 °C which was 12 degrees warmer than the Ulaanbaatar average minimum of -28.5 °C (January 2014 and 2015) and identical to the Hohhot average minimum of -16 °C (January 2014 and 2015).^[4] The average maximum temperature in January 2015 was 0 °C or the same as Hohhot while overall average January temperature was -9 °C again the same as Hohhot. The warmest temperature of the 10 days above 0 °C in January 2015 was 7 °C which was warmer than Hohhot in which the warmest of the 8 days above 0 °C in January 2015 was 6 °C. Dalanzadgad and Arvaikheer, two other 'mild' cities of Mongolia, experienced identical temperatures although average minimum was marginally warmer at -15 °C each while Dalanzadgad's warmest January day was marginally warmer at 8 °C. Tsetserleg belongs to USDA Plant Hardiness Zone 5.^[5]^[6]

Climate data for Tsetserleg (1991-2020)
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °C (°F)	9.5 (49.1)	12.5 (54.5)	18.2 (64.8)	28.4 (83.1)	29.9 (85.8)	33.3 (91.9)	35.2 (95.4)	34.0 (93.2)	29.8 (85.6)	23.9 (75.0)	16.0 (60.8)	11.1 (52.0)	35.2 (95.4)
Daily mean °C (°F)	−15.1 (4.8)	−11.9 (10.6)	−5.0 (23.0)	3.3 (37.9)	9.3 (48.7)	14.4 (57.9)	16.3 (61.3)	14.5 (58.1)	8.8 (47.8)	1.3 (34.3)	−7.0 (19.4)	−12.8 (9.0)	1.4 (34.5)
Record low °C (°F)	−36.9 (−34.4)	−33.9 (−29.0)	−31 (−24)	−21.1 (−6.0)	−12.0 (10.4)	−4.0 (24.8)	−4.0 (24.8)	−2.2 (28.0)	−9.6 (14.7)	−22.6 (−8.7)	−28.9 (−20.0)	−35 (−31)	−36.9 (−34.4)
Average precipitation mm (inches)	2.9 (0.11)	3.4 (0.13)	8.2 (0.32)	14.6 (0.57)	35.2 (1.39)	55.1 (2.17)	87.5 (3.44)	73.3 (2.89)	26.8 (1.06)	13.2 (0.52)	6.4 (0.25)	3.2 (0.13)	329.9 (12.99)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm)	1.8	1.6	2.9	4.0	5.5	9.0	12.1	10.5	5.4	3.0	2.2	1.7	59.4
Average relative humidity (%)	55.5	55.2	47.7	43.6	45.7	54.7	63.5	63.6	54.7	51.8	53.7	54.2	53.4
Mean monthly sunshine hours	185.7	197.2	250.2	245.6	279.6	275.4	265.2	260.5	254.0	232.5	186.6	172.6	2,805.1
Source 1: NOAA (sun, 1961-1990)^[7]
Source 2: Meteo Climat (record highs and lows)^[8]