Trzebiatów (pronounced Tshe-bia-toof[tʂɛˈbjatuf]; Kashubian: Trzébiatowò; German: Treptow an der Rega) is a town in the West Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland, with 10,119 inhabitants (2016). Trzebiatów is located on the Rega River in the north-western part of Poland, roughly 9 kilometers south of the Baltic coast. The preserved Old Town of Trzebiatów is registered as a protected historical monument of Poland.[1]
The lower Rega area around Gryfice and Trzebiatów was the site of a West Slavic Lechiticgród (fortified settlement) in the 9th century. The territory became part of the emerging Polish state under Mieszko I around 967.[2] It was part of the Duchy of Pomerania, which separated itself from Poland as a result of the fragmentation of Poland. The first recorded mention of the town comes from 1170 when the Pomeranian Duke Casimir I granted a few villages and oversight of a church in the town to settlers from Lund in Sweden. In the early 13th century Trzebiatów became the seat of Duchess Anastasia of Greater Poland, who rebuilt the old castle into her residence.[3] In 1224, Anastasia brought Premonstratensian nuns to the town.[3] In the first half of the 13th century, German settlers invited by the Pomeranian Duke Barnim I began to settle in the area. In 1277, this settlement received town privileges under the Lübeck Law. In 1416, the town became part of the Hanseatic League,[1] then served as an important trade post and developed architecturally, with a typical Brick Gothic-style influence. It had trading connections with major cities such as Gdańsk and Copenhagen.[1]
As a dowager, Sophia of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg (1579–1658), widow of Philip II, Duke of Pomerania, lived in Treptow. Sophia's dower was a former nunnery, which she converted into a palace. While in Swedish service and thereafter Duke Francis Henry of Saxe-Lauenburg spent a lot of time with Duchess dowager Sophia in Treptow. Sophia's and Francis Henry's fathers were cousins. On 13 December 1637 Francis Henry and Marie Juliane of Nassau-Siegen (1612–1665) married in Treptow.[8] Their first child was born in Treptow in 1640.[9] Francis Henry also served Sophia as administrator of the estates pertaining to her dower.[9]
Palace in Trzebiatów, former home of the Polish writer Maria Wirtemberska
In 1750 the local palace was refurbished in classicist style for General Frederick Eugene of Württemberg, who resided there – with interruptions – until 1763. In the late 18th century the Polish noblewoman and writer Maria Wirtemberska née Czartoryska resided at the palace,[3] and her early works and translations were created here. The painter Jan Rustem visited her several times, and his paintings were part of the palace's art collection.[citation needed] The palace now houses a State public library, founded in 1946 and named after Maria Wirtemberska née Czartoryska since 1999.
In 1806 the town was captured and then occupied by France.[10] From 1871 to 1945 it former part of the German Reich.
Preserved townhouses in the Old Town
20th century
During World War II, in February 1945, the German-perpetrated death march of Allied prisoners-of-war from the Stalag XX-BPOW camp passed through the town.[11] Near the end of the war, in February 1945, despite the approaching front, the authorities did not permit the evacuation of the town's population. It was not until March 4 that the order to evacuate was issued, the day after remnants of the army had retreated from the town, leaving the civilian population to fend for itself. AlliedPolish and Russian forces then entered the town, and afterwards it became again part of Poland, although with a Soviet-installed communist regime, which stayed in power until the Fall of Communism in the 1980s. The town's German population was expelled, and the town was resettled with Poles, in accordance with Potsdam Agreement.[12]
Since 1 January 1999, the town has been within West Pomerania Voivodeship, upon its formation from the former Szczecin and Koszalin Voivodeships.
Culture
Medieval architecture of Trzebiatów, from the left: Saint Mary's Maternity Church, Kaszana Tower, Holy Spirit Chapel, Saint Gertrude's Chapel
Trzebiatów Train Station
Trzebiatów's Day of the Buckwheat is a celebration during the first week of August. It is held in memory of the day when the town guard mistakenly dropped a hot bowl of buckwheat meal on invaders from the nearby town of Gryfice, alarming the whole town and ultimately saving it. Inhabitants of Trzebiatów celebrate that event with dances, concerts, competitions and by eating cereal with ham and bacon.
^ abc"Trzebiatów". ujscieregi.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 2 September 2018.
^Labuda, Gerard (1993). "Chrystianizacja Pomorza (X–XIII stulecie)". Studia Gdańskie (in Polish). Vol. IX. Gdańsk-Oliwa. p. 47.
^ abc"Sień Pałacowa". Trzebiatowski Ośrodek Kultury (in Polish). Retrieved 10 November 2023.
^Hamburgische Biografie: Personenlexikon: 5 vols. (so far), Franklin Kopitzsch and Dirk Brietzke (eds.), Hamburg: Christians, 2001–2003 (vols 1–2), Göttingen: Wallstein, 2006– (to be continued), vol. 2 (2003), p. 79. ISBN3-7672-1366-4.
^Pommern (11999), revised, and updated ed., Werner Buchholz (ed.), Berlin: Siedler, 22002, (=Deutsche Geschichte im Osten Europas), pp. 205-220. ISBN3-88680-780-0.
^ abcSłownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich, Tom XII (in Polish). Warszawa. 1892. p. 553.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^Kaszuba, Sylwia. "Marsz 1945". In Grudziecka, Beata (ed.). Stalag XX B: historia nieopowiedziana (in Polish). Malbork: Muzeum Miasta Malborka. p. 109. ISBN978-83-950992-2-9.
^Schieder, Professor Theodor, and others, The Expulsion of the German Population from the Territories East of the Oder-Neisse -Line, published by the Federal Ministry for Expellees, Refugees, and War Victims, Bonn, Germany, 1954.
.jpg)
.jpg)
