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Trogulidae; Temporal range: Palaeogene–present PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
	Trogulus tricarinatus
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Subphylum:	Chelicerata
Class:	Arachnida
Order:	Opiliones
Suborder:	Dyspnoi
Superfamily:	Troguloidea
Family:	Trogulidae; Sundevall, 1833
Genera
	†Amphitrogulus; Anarthrotarsus; Anelasmocephalus; Calathocratus; Kofiniotis; Trogulus;
Diversity
	6 genera, 65 species
	Approximate natural range of Trogulidae

Trogulidae is a family of harvestmen comprising 65 extant species (plus 1 extinct) in five genera.

Members of this species have short legs and live in soil. They have dirt attached to their bodies, to escape predators. Their body length ranges from 2 to 22 mm. In most genera, the body is somewhat flattened and leathery. Adults have a small hood which hides their short chelicerae and pedipalps.^[1]

Distribution

Members of this family occur in western and southern Europe, up to western North Africa and the Levant, the Caucasus and northern Iran. Trogulus tricarinatus, a predator of terrestrial snails, has been introduced to eastern North America.^[1]

Name

The derivation of the name of the type genus, Trogulus, is not fully understood. The describer Latreille wrote that he named it because it looks like a monkshood. Perrier (1929) however derived the name from the Ancient Greek trogein "gnawing", because of the rough, "gnawed-upon" appearance.^[1]

Species

The known genera and species in Trogulidae as of 2023 are:^[2]^[3]^[4]

Anarthrotarsus Šilhavý, 1967

Anarthrotarsus martensi Šilhavý, 1967 – Greece
Anarthrotarsus trichasi Kontos & Martens, 2022 – Greece

Anelasmocephalus Simon, 1879

Anelasmocephalus balearicus Martens & Chemini, 1988 – Spain (Baleares)
Anelasmocephalus brignolii Martens & Chemini, 1988 – Italy (Sardinia)
Anelasmocephalus calcaneatus Martens & Chemini, 1988 – Italy (Sicily)
Anelasmocephalus cambridgei (Westwood, 1874) – UK to Balkans (Europe)
Anelasmocephalus cazorla Prieto & Las Heras, 2020 – Spain
Anelasmocephalus crassipes (H. Lucas, 1846) – Algeria, Tunisia
Anelasmocephalus gadirrif Prieto & Las Heras, 2020 – Spain, Morocco
Anelasmocephalus hadzii Martens, 1978 – Austria, Italy, Serbia, etc Balkans
Anelasmocephalus lycosinus (Sørensen, 1873) – Italy
Anelasmocephalus ortunioi Prieto & Las Heras, 2020 – Spain
Anelasmocephalus osellai Martens & Chemini, 1988 – Italy
Anelasmocephalus pusillus Simon, 1879 – Italy, France (Corsica)
Anelasmocephalus pyrenaicus Martens, 1978 – Spain
Anelasmocephalus rufitarsis Simon, 1879 – Italy, France, Switzerland
Anelasmocephalus tenuiglandis Martens & Chemini, 1988 – France
Anelasmocephalus tuscus Martens & Chemini, 1988 – Italy

Calathocratus Simon, 1879

Calathocratus africanus (H. Lucas, 1846) – Algeria, Tunisia, Italy
Calathocratus beieri Gruber, 1968 – Turkey
Calathocratus caucasicus (Šilhavý, 1966) – Turkey, Azerbaijan, Russia, Georgia, Iran.
Calathocratus hirsutus Snegovaya, 2011 – Russia
Calathocratus intermedius Roewer, 1940 – Greece (Crete)
Calathocratus kyrghyzicus (Chemeris, 2013) – Kyrgyzstan
Calathocratus minutus Snegovaya, 2011 – Russia
Calathocratus rhodiensis (Gruber, 1963) – Greece (Rhodes)
Calathocratus singularis (Roewer, 1940) – Greece, Bulgaria, Turkey
Calathocratus sinuosus (Sørensen, 1873) – Italy

Kofiniotis Roewer, 1940

Kofiniotis creticus Roewer, 1940 – Greece (Crete)

Trogulus Latreille, 1802

Trogulus aquaticus Simon, 1879 – France (Corsica)
Trogulus balearicus Schönhofer & Martens, 2008 – Spain (Baleares)
Trogulus banaticus Avram, 1971 – Romania, North Macedonia, Serbia, etc.
Trogulus cisalpinus Chemini & Martens, 1988 – Italy
Trogulus closanicus Avram, 1971 – Romania, Germany, Bulgaria etc
Trogulus coreiformis C. L. Koch, in Hahn & Koch, 1839 – (Unknown locality) [Nomen dubium per Schönhofer 2013]
Trogulus coriziformis C. L. Koch, in Hahn & Koch, 1839 – Italy (contra reports of widespread)
Trogulus cristatus Simon, 1879 – France, Italy
Trogulus falcipenis Komposch, 1999 – Austria, Italy, Croatia, Slovenia
Trogulus graecus Dahl, 1903 – Greece, Albania, etc (Balkans)
Trogulus gypseus Simon, 1879 – Israel, Egypt, Turkey, Greece.
Trogulus hirtus Dahl, 1903 – Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia
Trogulus huberi Schönhofer & Martens, 2008 – Portugal
Trogulus karamanorum Schönhofer & Martens, 2009 – Macedonia, Albania etc (Balkans)
Trogulus lusitanicus Giltay, 1932 – Portugal
Trogulus lygaeiformis C. L. Koch, in Hahn & Koch, 1839 – Greece [Nomen dubium per Schönhofer 2013]
Trogulus martensi Chemini, 1983 – Italy, France, etc
Trogulus megaligrava Schönhofer et al., 2013 – Greece (Corfu)
Trogulus melitensis Schönhofer & Martens, 2009 – Croatia
Trogulus nepaeformis (Scopoli, 1763) – Italy, France, etc (Southern Europe)
Trogulus oltenicus Avram, 1971 – Romania
Trogulus ozimeci Schönhofer et al., 2013 – Croatia
Trogulus pharensis Schönhofer & Martens, 2009 – Croatia
Trogulus prietoi Schönhofer & Martens, 2008 – Spain
Trogulus pulverulentus C. L. Koch, 1856 – Spain [Nomen dubium per Schönhofer 2013]
Trogulus pyrenaicus Schönhofer & Martens, 2008 – Spain
Trogulus rossicus Šilhavý, 1968 – Russia, Azerbaijan, Georgia
Trogulus setosissmus Roewer, 1940 – Croatia
Trogulus squamatus C. L. Koch, in Hahn & Koch, 1839 – Montenegro, Croatia (Dalmatia)
Trogulus templetonii Westwood, 1833 – Spain [Nomen dubium per Schönhofer 2013]
Trogulus tenuitarsus Schönhofer et al., 2013 – Macedonia
Trogulus thaleri Schönhofer & Martens, 2009 – Croatia
Trogulus tingiformis C. L. Koch, in Hahn & Koch, 1839 – Germany, etc (Central Europe)
Trogulus torosus Simon, 1885 – Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia (Dalmatia)
Trogulus tricarinatus (Linnaeus, 1758) – Germany, etc (Widespread Western, Central Europe)
Trogulus uncinatus Gruber, 1973 – Turkey