Toyota NZ engine

Toyota NZ engine
Overview
ManufacturerToyota
DesignerYasushi Nouno, Hiroshi Tada, Toshifumi Takaoka[6]
Production
  • 1NZ-FXE: December 1997[1]–present
  • 1NZ-FE: July 1999[2]–present
  • 1NZ-FE Turbo: 2003–2013
  • 1NZ-FNE: April 2003[3]–August 2014[4]
  • 1NZ-FXP: 2017–present
  • 2NZ-FE: October 1999[5]–2020
Layout
ConfigurationStraight-4
Displacement
  • 1,298 cc (1.3 L)
  • 1,497 cc (1.5 L)
Cylinder bore
  • 75 mm (3.0 in)
Piston stroke
  • 73.5 mm (2.89 in)
  • 84.7 mm (3.3 in)
Cylinder block materialAluminium
Cylinder head materialAluminium
ValvetrainDOHC 4 valves per cylinder with VVT-i
Valvetrain drive systemTiming chain
Compression ratio
  • 9.5:1–13.4:1 (hybrid)
  • 10.5:1 (turbocharged)
  • 10.5:1–11.0:1 (naturally aspirated)
  • 12.0:1 (CNG)
RPM range
Max. engine speed6400 rpm
Combustion
TurbochargerIHI RHF4 with intercooler
Fuel systemSequential fuel injection
Fuel type
Oil systemWet sump
Cooling systemWater-cooled
Output
Power output58–152 PS (43–112 kW; 57–150 hp)
Torque output102–206 N⋅m (75–152 lb⋅ft; 10–21 kg⋅m)
Chronology
Predecessor
Successor
(1.5 L only)

The Toyota NZ engine family is a straight-4 piston engine series. The NZ series uses aluminium open deck engine blocks and DOHC cylinder heads. It also uses sequential multi-point fuel injection, and has 4 valves per cylinder with VVT-i.

The engines are produced by Toyota's Kamigo Plant in Toyota, Aichi, Japan (for Prius, Vitz, ist and Sienta);[2] by Siam Toyota Manufacturing in Chonburi, Thailand (1NZ-FE for Yaris and Vios);[7][8] and by Indus Motor Company in Karachi, Pakistan (2NZ-FE for Corolla).[7]

From the second half of 2003, the valve train mechanism of the Japanese market 1NZ-FE engine was changed from a direct acting type to a indirect type with roller rocker arms and hydraulic lash adjuster.[9] The post-2006 1NZ-FE Turbo and LPG-hybrid 1NZ-FXP engines are also using this valve train mechanism.[10]

1NZ-FXE

See also: Brake-specific fuel consumption
First generation 1NZ-FXE engine and 1CM electric motor (1997–2000 specification)
Second generation 1NZ-FXE engine and 3CM electric motor

The 1NZ-FXE is a hybrid 1.5 L (1,497 cc) version. Bore and stroke is 75 mm × 84.7 mm (2.95 in × 3.33 in). It features forged steel connecting rods and an aluminum intake manifold. The engine has a high physical compression ratio of 13.0:1, but the closing of the inlet valve is delayed, for an effective compression ratio of 9.5:1.[11] The net result is that the engine has a greater effective expansion than compression—making it a simulated Atkinson cycle, rather than a conventional Otto cycle.

The reduction in cylinder charge means reduced torque and power output, but efficiency is increased. This combination makes the 1NZ-FXE suitable for use with the Hybrid Synergy Drive, where peak torque and power demands can be met by the electric motor and battery. Originally, the engine produces 58 PS (43 kW; 57 hp) at 4000 rpm with 102 N⋅m (75 lb⋅ft; 10 kg⋅m) of torque at 4000 rpm.[12] In the 2000 update, the engine output was increased to 72 PS (53 kW; 71 hp) at 4500 rpm with 115 N⋅m (85 lb⋅ft; 12 kg⋅m) of torque at 4200 rpm.[13] The power output was increased again to 77 PS (57 kW; 76 hp) at 5000 rpm for the second generation Prius.[14] Peak thermal efficiency is about 37%.[15]

In 2011, upon the arrival of the Prius c/Aqua and the XP130 Yaris Hybrid, an improved version was introduced. Without any belt-driven accessories, and a physical compression ratio of 13.4:1, the new version delivers an output of 74 PS (54 kW; 73 hp; 73 hp) at 4800 rpm with 111 N⋅m (82 lb⋅ft; 11 kg⋅m) of torque at 3600–4400 rpm.[16]

The 1NZ-FXE Hybrid Synergy Drive in the Toyota Prius has won several International Engine of the Year awards:

  • Best Eco-friendly 2000
  • Best Eco-friendly 2001
  • Best Fuel Economy 2005
  • Best 1.4-litre to 1.8-litre 2005[17]
  • Best Fuel Economy 2006
  • Best 1.4-litre to 1.8-litre 2006[17]

Applications:

1NZ-FXP

1NZ-FXP engine

The 1NZ-FXP is a hybrid 1.5 L (1,497 cc) version. Bore and stroke is 75 mm × 84.7 mm (2.95 in × 3.33 in). It features forged steel connecting rods and an aluminum intake manifold. The engine has a high physical compression ratio of 13.0:1, but the closing of the inlet valve is delayed, for an effective compression ratio of 9.5:1.[19] The net result is that the engine has a greater effective expansion than compression—making it a simulated Atkinson cycle, rather than a conventional Otto cycle.

The reduction in cylinder charge means reduced torque and power output, but efficiency is increased. This combination makes the 1NZ-FXP suitable for use with the Hybrid Synergy Drive, where peak torque and power demands can be met by the electric motor, battery and LPG-hybrid system. Output is 74 PS (54 kW; 73 hp) at 4800 rpm with 111 N⋅m (82 lb⋅ft; 11 kg⋅m) of torque at 2800–4400 rpm. Peak thermal efficiency is about 37%.[20]

Applications:

1NZ-FE

1NZ-FE engine
Updated Japanese market 1NZ-FE engine with different plastic engine cover

The 1NZ-FE is a 1.5 L (1,497 cc) conventional Otto-cycle variant of the 1NZ-FXE with VVT-i on the intake camshaft. The engine block is found in many Toyota models assembled in Japan and Asian countries. It retains the same bore and stroke, but the compression ratio is lowered to 10.5:1 (increased to 11.0:1 in 2012 for the Japanese market)[21]. Output is 103–110 PS (76–81 kW; 102–108 hp) at 6000 rpm with 132–143 N⋅m (97–105 lb⋅ft; 13–15 kg⋅m) of torque at 4200–4800 rpm.

There was a CNG version of 1NZ-FE engine called 1NZ-FNE produced from April 2003, exclusively for the first generation Probox van (NCP52V) until its discontinuation in August 2014.[4] It has 12.0:1 compression ratio, output is 92 PS (68 kW; 91 hp) at 6000 rpm with 125 N⋅m (92 lb⋅ft; 13 kg⋅m) of torque at 4000 rpm.

A new version of 1NZ-FE with rocker arms valve train mechanism was introduced exclusively for the Japanese market in September 2003, fitted first in the front-wheel drive model of XP80 Sienta.[22] This new version can be identified with the use of a wider plastic engine cover. The older version was still in use for selected Japanese market Toyota cars up until 2014.

Applications:

1NZ-FE Turbo

Early version with the original direct acting valve train mechanism
Final version with the rocker arms valve train mechanism

The 1NZ-FE Turbo (unofficially called 1NZ-FTE or 1NZ-FET) is a 1.5 L (1,497 cc) with an air-to-air intercooler turbocharged conventional Otto-cycle variant of the 1NZ-FE with VVT-i. This engine was not created in-house by Toyota, but converted with bolt-on turbocharger kits developed by Toyota Racing Development (TRD). The engine block is the same as the naturally aspirated 1NZ-FE engine, found in many Toyota models. It retains the same 10.5:1 compression ratio as the naturally aspirated sibling. Output is 143–152 PS (105–112 kW; 141–150 hp) at 6000 rpm with 196–206 N⋅m (145–152 lb⋅ft; 20–21 kg⋅m) of torque at 4000–4800 rpm.

In Japan, this unique engine was available through modified Toyota cars (tuned by TRD, Modellista (ja) or Gazoo Racing) and sold officially as complete car at Toyota dealers. The turbocharger kits is also available for sale at selected Toyota dealers or TRD official stores.[23] The turbocharger kits was introduced first in May 2003, originally for the NCP13 Vitz. Later in January 2004, TRD launched "TRD Turbo Tuning Plan", a turbocharger conversion program for bB, ist and Vitz owners.[24] The fully converted bB and ist with turbocharger and additional TRD kits were also offered at TRD dealers.[25] The turbocharger conversion program was terminated in 2007.

In August 2007, Modellista released Vitz RS TRD Turbo M, based on the NCP91 Vitz with the updated 1NZ-FE engine.[26] TRD released a slightly different 1NZ-FE Turbo engine exclusively for Corolla Axio/Fielder GT TRD Turbo in October 2009 and March 2010.[27][28]

Applications:

2NZ-FE

The 2NZ-FE is a 1.3 L (1,298 cc) version. Bore and stroke is 75 mm × 73.5 mm (2.95 in × 2.89 in), with a compression ratio of 10.5:1. Output is 86–88 PS (63–65 kW; 85–87 hp) at 6000 rpm with 121–123 N⋅m (89–91 lb⋅ft; 12–13 kg⋅m) of torque at 4400 rpm. Visually, this engine is identical to the 1NZ-FE, but can be identified by the 2NZ-FE mark on the intake manifold. In 2000, it won the International Engine of the Year award in the 1-litre to 1.4-litre category.[29]

Applications:

Great Wall Motors version

In 2008, Great Wall Motors (GWM) introduced 1.3 L and 1.5 L engines codenamed GW4G13 and GW4G15. Despite the similar codes, they have nothing to do with the Mitsubishi 4G1x engines, but instead derived from NZ design.[30][31][32] For example, the NZ engines are using timing chain to connect the crankshaft and camshafts, while the Mitsubishi 4G1x engines are using the less durable timing belt. Visually, this engine looks similar like the NZ engines such as the pulleys position and mechanically also share similarities such as the same bore x stroke size, engine displacement and interchangeable parts.[33] No statement from GWM or Toyota regarding the confirmation if these engines are officially licensed by GWM. But according the official press release by GWM in 2009, these GW4G1x engines were independently developed by themselves.[34]

The turbocharged variants of the 1.5 L engine called GW4G15T was introduced in 2011 and followed by the higher output GW4G15B in the following year. These engines were discontinued in 2019, replaced by the cleaner GW4G15F to comply with China's National V emission standard. Further new variants that comply with National VI emission standard codenamed GW4G15K, GW4G15M and the naturally aspirated hybrid GW4G15H are also produced.

GW4G13

Power: 92 PS (68 kW; 91 hp) at 6,000 rpm
Torque: 118 N⋅m (87 lb⋅ft; 12 kg⋅m) at 4,200 rpm

Applications:

GW4G15

Power: 106 PS (78 kW; 105 hp) at 6,000 rpm
Torque: 138 N⋅m (102 lb⋅ft; 14 kg⋅m) at 4,200 rpm

Applications:

GW4G15T

Power: 133 PS (98 kW; 131 hp) at 5,600 rpm
Torque: 188 N⋅m (139 lb⋅ft; 19 kg⋅m) at 2,000–4,500 rpm

Applications:

GW4G15B

Power: 150 PS (110 kW; 148 hp) at 5,600 rpm
Torque: 210 N⋅m (155 lb⋅ft; 21 kg⋅m) at 2,200–4,500 rpm

Applications:

GW4G15F

Power: 150 PS (110 kW; 148 hp) at 5,600–6,000 rpm
Torque: 210 N⋅m (155 lb⋅ft; 21 kg⋅m) at 1,800–4,400 rpm

Applications:

GW4G15K

Power: 150 PS (110 kW; 148 hp) at 5,500–6,000 rpm
Torque: 220 N⋅m (162 lb⋅ft; 22 kg⋅m) at 2,000–4,400 rpm

Applications:

GW4G15M

Power: 150 PS (110 kW; 148 hp) at 5,500–6,0000 rpm
Torque: 218 N⋅m (161 lb⋅ft; 22 kg⋅m) at 1,800–4,400 rpm

Applications:

GW4G15H

Power:
95 PS (70 kW; 94 hp) (engine)
150 PS (110 kW; 148 hp) (electric motor)
189 PS (139 kW; 186 hp) (combined)
Torque:
125 N⋅m (92 lb⋅ft; 13 kg⋅m) (engine)
250 N⋅m (184 lb⋅ft; 25 kg⋅m) (electric motor)
375 N⋅m (277 lb⋅ft; 38 kg⋅m) (combined)

Applications:

See also

References

  1. ^ "Technical Development: Engines". Toyota Motor Corporation. Archived from the original on 1 January 2013.
  2. ^ a b "General Status of Plants in Japan: Kamigo Plant". Toyota Motor Corporation. Archived from the original on 2 August 2013.
  3. ^ "75 Years of Toyota - Toyota Probox (XP50)". www.toyota-global.com.
  4. ^ a b "1.5 CNG – トヨタ プロボックスバン / 2014年4月～2014年8月生産モデル". www.carsensor.net (in Japanese).
  5. ^ "Toyota Yaris Family Grows With New 1.3-Litre Versions". Toyota (GB). 2 August 1999. Archived from the original on 22 October 2015.
  6. ^ Itazaki, Hideshi (1999). The Prius That Shook The World. Tokyo: Nikkan Kogyo Shimbun. p. 147, 150, 160. ISBN 4-526-04376-1.
  7. ^ a b "Overview of Overseas Production Affiliates: Asia". Toyota Motor Corporation. Archived from the original on 6 December 2012.
  8. ^ "About STM". Siam Toyota Manufacturing. Archived from the original on 19 February 2014.
  9. ^ "Toyota NZ series engines". toyota-club.net.
  10. ^ "Camshaft & valve for Toyota JPN Taxi, NTP10-AHXGN". www.amayama.com.
  11. ^ "Car and Driver 2004 Toyota Prius Specs" (PDF).
  12. ^ "TOYOTA PRIUS PRIUS NAVI PACKAGE". www.goo-net-exchange.com.
  13. ^ "TOYOTA PRIUS G". www.goo-net-exchange.com.
  14. ^ "TOYOTA PRIUS G TOURING SELECTION". www.goo-net-exchange.com.
  15. ^ "Toyota targeting thermal efficiency of more than 45% for next-generation gasoline engines for hybrids". Green Car Congress. Retrieved 3 May 2015.
  16. ^ "TOYOTA AQUA G GR SPORT 17 INCH PACKAGE". www.goo-net-exchange.com.
  17. ^ a b "Archive | International Engine of the Year". Engine Technology International magazine. Retrieved 10 February 2015.
  18. ^ "ProBox" (PDF). Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  19. ^ "Car and Driver 2004 Toyota Prius Specs" (PDF).
  20. ^ "Toyota targeting thermal efficiency of more than 45% for next-generation gasoline engines for hybrids". Green Car Congress. Retrieved 3 May 2015.
  21. ^ "TOYOTA COROLLA AXIO 1.5G". www.goo-net-exchange.com.
  22. ^ "トヨタ、コンパクトミニバン・シエンタを新発売" (in Japanese). Toyota. 29 September 2003.
  23. ^ Okajima, Yuji (20 January 2004). "【TRDターボ】ディーラーチューニングならではの安心感". s.response.jp (in Japanese).
  24. ^ "PRODUCT INFORMATION" (in Japanese). Toyota Racing Development. Archived from the original on 5 December 2004.
  25. ^ "【トータルチューニング コンプリートカー　bB TRDターボ／イスト TRDターボ】" (in Japanese). Toyota Racing Development. Archived from the original on 5 December 2004.
  26. ^ "新型ヴィッツ コンプリートカー"TRD turbo M"を発売" (in Japanese). Modellista. 27 August 2007.
  27. ^ "Product Information" (in Japanese). Toyota Racing Development. Archived from the original on 9 January 2011.
  28. ^ "トヨタ カローラアクシオGT 試乗レポート". autoc-one.jp (in Japanese). 14 April 2009. p. 3.
  29. ^ "1-litre to 1.4-litre: Toyota 1.3-litre VVTi". Engine Technology International. UK & International Press. Archived from the original on 19 July 2001.
  30. ^ "长城4G15系列发动机渊源". auto home.com.cn (in Chinese). 16 October 2010.
  31. ^ "长城自主1.5T发动机竟抄袭丰田技术？添加涡轮表现仍一般". www.sohu.com (in Chinese). 4 September 2017.
  32. ^ "从奴隶到将军，晒一晒长城汽车发动机的进化简史". youcheyihou.com (in Chinese).
  33. ^ "Service Manual of GW4G15/GW4G13 Gasoline Engines". www.scribd.com.
  34. ^ "Florid with 1.5L VVT full al-alloy engine launched". www.gwm-global.com (Press release). 23 February 2009.
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