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Tomb of Munmu is an underwater tomb dedicated to the eponymous 30th king of Silla, in Gyeongju, North Gyeongsang Province, South Korea. This is Historic Site No. 158, also known as wang-am.

Location

The tomb of Munmu is located in 26, Bonggil-ri, Yangbuk-myeon, Gyeongju, North Gyeongsang Province. It is located 200 meters off the coast of Bonggil-ri in Yangbuk-myeon.^[1]

Appearance

It is the only underwater tomb in the world. It looks like normal rocks from a distance. There is a smaller rock to the south. The area is surrounded by small rocks that are only seen at low tide intervals, making them look like stone beams. It is owned by the Gyeongju National Museum. The monument collapsed early, and two large sections and one small stone were discovered so far, but one stone is not handed over. The stone is a reddish-brown igneous rock with a maximum height of 52 cm, 64 cm wide and 24 cm thick, and the small section is carved with a 2-legged triangle.^[2]'

Underwater tomb

The tomb of Munmu of Silla is located on the sea. To see the tomb, one must go to a rare and mysterious tomb built between small rocks in the middle of the sea. Although the tomb of Munmu of Silla looks like a small rocky island from a distance, it is located on the rock, and it is like a pond in the middle. The rock is built at regular intervals like a pillar, and a large building looks like a turtle. Water flows in and out of the pond in all directions, as the waters that flow in and out of the lake slowly turn around and out to the west. It is believed that the Silla people artificially refined the royal tomb of Munmu of Silla.^[3]

History

Silla Dynasty

Munmu of Silla' unified the Three Kingdoms of Korea, but he was worried about the safety of unstable countries and the invasion of Japan. When Japan broke out on the Sea of Japan and killed and pillaged the people, 'Munmu of Silla' began to build temples while increasing military and defense facilities on the east coast. The idea was to defeat the Japanese people with the help of Buddha. But before the temple was finished, 'Munmu of Silla' became ill. 'Munmu of Silla' called his son before his death. "If I die, Bury me in Donghae (Sea of Japan). So when he died, but left a will to the Jiui Monk [Ko] of his body be cremated in accordance with Buddhist ceremony to bury the ashes the Sea of Japan It is called Daewang-am [Ko], and it is the Tomb of Munmu of Silla.^[4] In this way, 'Munmu of Silla' will become a great dragon and protect the country. His remains from the land in accordance with Munmu of Silla's will be cremated and the Sea of Japan of Daewang-am [Ko] with and frugal lifestyle he paid funeral.^[5] When 'Munmu of Silla' died before completing the temple, his son King Sinmun completed it in 682. And he named it " Gameunsa [Ko] " to thank 'Munmu of Silla's grace.^[4]

Cho geung-seop(조긍섭), who toured Gyeongju from 1918 to 1926 during Korea under Japanese rule, wrote a poem using the tomb of Munmu of Silla. In his poem, Munmu of Silla instructed him to cremate in the Sea of Japan with dying words. People suspected he might have designated such a big tomb. However, people guess that the cremate might have caused him to bury his bones and become a big tomb. He will not get a place like this without great virtue.^[6]

A tale of Manpasikjeok

Sinmun of Silla built Gameunsa [Ko] for his father, Munmu of Silla. In 682, a public official said 'Small mountain in Donghae is coming to Gameunsa'. According to the fortune-telling, King Munmu of Silla, who became the dragon of the sea, and Kim Yu-sin, who became the king of heaven, said, " Go out and take the present." When he came and saw at Igyeondae [Ko], it looked like a turtle's head and had bamboo on it, divided into two by day and combined into one by night. Nine days after the storm, the king entered the mountain and the dragon said, "If you made a flute out of that bamboo, the whole world would be at ease." So he took it out, made a flute and kept it. The name of this flute is Manpasikjeok. The reason for the name is that when the country is worried, he played the flute and country has become quiet.^[7]

Tombstone

Unlike most royal tombs, Munmu of Silla's tombstone could not be placed in front of them. He was buried in rocks of the Donghae. It is assumed that Munmu of Silla's tombstone was built at Sacheonwang Temple, a place that was closely related to Munmu of Silla's life. Based on the excavation research, the two royal tombs are believed to be Sacheonwang Temple Historical Hall and Munmu of Silla's Royal Palace. Sacheonwang Temple also appears on the side of Gyeongmyeong of Silla of Samguk sagi, which appears to have been maintained until silla collapsed.^[8]

However, with the fall of Silla, Munmu of Silla's tombstone has become unknown. However, the existence was confirmed by Hong Yang-ho, then a member of the Gyeongju Buyun, in 1760, and was reconfirmed by Chusa Kim Jeong-hui, who visited Gyeongju in 1817. The lower part of tombstone was discovered in 1961, and the higher part of tombstone was discovered by a gas inspector when it was used as a laundry stone in a house in eastern Gyeongju in 2009.^[8]

2017

In 2017, the tomb of Munmu of Silla was selected 'the top 10 tourist contents of North Gyeongsang Province'.^[9]

Festival

Chunhyang Daeje

in Tomb of Munmu of Silla Chunhyang Daeje [Ko] means commemorative rites for ancestors in early spring. The festival is held to inherit the spirit of national defense, to celebrate the king and attract tourists, organized by residents. More than 900 people participated, including heads of government, citizens, and tourists.^[10]

Sunrise festival

Every New Year's Day, Gyeongju hold the sunrise festival at the tomb of King Munmu of Silla. The sunrise festival, which was held in 2015, was called 'The sunrise festival of tomb of King Munmu of Silla in Gyeongju'^[11]

King Munmu culture festival

The city of gyeongju held various traditional cultural events in front of the tomb of King Munmu of Silla in honor of the great king Munmu. On the first day of the event, the royal procession from Gameunsaji to the Tomb of King Munmu of Silla was reenacted. And There were flying kites, and performing rituals on the king of Munmu.^[12]

Succession

ROKS Munmu the Great (DDH-976) is the second Destroyer in the South Korean navy. It was named after the king Munmu of Silla.^[13] The ship was named after King Munmu of Silla, which is about 500 tons larger than that of Chungmugong Yi Sun-sin-class destroyer.^[14]

Gallery

Neighboring cultural assets

Gameunsaji

Gameunsaji [Ko] is a Historic Site No. 31. And it is a temple site that was made for Munmu of Silla, who unified Three Kingdoms of Korea and be the dragon of the East Sea. It was discovered that the temple was deployed as a two-board temple in 1959. In the second excavation, it was reconstructed on two occasions after the first one in 1979 and 1980.^[15]

Igyeondae

Igyeondae [Ko] is Historic Site No. 159. It is located in front of Gamgeunsa Temple Site, where the tomb of Munmu of Silla, who achieved unification of the Three Kingdoms of Korea, is seen.^[16]

References

^ Kim, Yu-gyeong. "문무왕릉과 무속인이 어우러지는 그곳, 감포" [The place where the tomb of King Munmu and shamans blend, Gampo]. Pressian (in Korean). Retrieved 2018-05-13.
^ "The tomb of King Munmu". Encyclopedia of the Korea Culture (in Korean). Retrieved 2018-06-03.
^ "문무 대왕릉(경주시 양북면 동해안로)" [The Tomb of King Munmu(Yangbuk-myeon, Gyeongju-si, Gyeongbuk, the donghaean)]. Hankooki. Retrieved 2018-06-07.
^ ^a ^b "[유적지 보GO 역사도 알GO] '문무 대왕릉'(경주시 양북면 동해안로)". Retrieved 2018-06-25.
^ "용의 전설 흐르는 바다 속 문무대왕릉" [The legend of the dragon, the tomb of King Munmu in the sea]. Visitkorea (in Korean). 2016-09-21. Retrieved 2018-05-13.
^ Bok-soon, Kim. "Review of Literatures on the Gwoereung in Gyeongju". The Journal of the Research Institute for Silla Culture (in Korean). 44. ISSN 1229-0939.
^ "만파식적설화(萬波息笛說話)" [Tale of Manpasikjeok]. Encyclopedia of Korean Culture (in Korean). Retrieved 2018-06-25.
^ ^a ^b Kim, Hei-tae (2018-03-16). "빨랫돌로 쓰던 돌덩이, 알고보니 왕의 비석" [Stone used to be used as laundry stone, it turned out to be the king's tombstone.]. OhmyNews. Retrieved 2018-06-24.
^ Mo, Hyeon-cheol (2017-07-10). "[유일무이 경북관광 10대 콘텐츠]안동 월영교~경주 문무대왕릉" [[Only 10 contents of North Gyeongsang travel] Andong Wolyoung bridge~Gyeongju the tomb of King Munmu]. Maeil News. Retrieved 2018-06-07.
^ "원자력환경공단, 문무대왕릉 춘향대제ㆍ이견대 정화활동" [Nuclear Environment Corporation, Festival and the cleaning actions for Igyeondae]. Joongdo News (in Korean). Retrieved 2018-06-24.
^ Kim, Jae-won (2015-01-02). "경주 문무대왕릉 해룡축제" [The sea dragon festival of the tomb of King Munmu of Silla in Gyeongju]. Newsis. Retrieved 25 June 2018.
^ "경주시, 제1회 통일기원 '문무대왕 문화제' 개최" [Gyeongju, The 1st Unification Origination of King Munmu Culture Festival]. Asia Today (in Korean). Retrieved 2018-06-25.
^ Eun, Yun-su (2016-07-12). "지구촌 해양 파수꾼, '문무대왕함' 견학" [A Report on the International Maritime Guard]. Heraldcorp (in Korean). Retrieved 2018-06-25.
^ "문무대왕함" [ROKS Munmu the Great (DDH-976)]. doopedia (in Korean). Retrieved 2018-06-25.
^ "경주감은사지(慶州感恩寺址)" [Gameunsaji]. Encyclopedia of Korean Culture (in Korean). Retrieved 2018-06-24.
^ "이견대(利見臺)" [Igyeondae]. Encyclopedia of Korea Culture (in Korean). Retrieved 2018-06-10.