The Tisza, Tysa or Tisa, is one of the major rivers of Central and Eastern Europe. It was once called "the most Hungarian river" because it used to flow entirely within the Kingdom of Hungary. Today, it crosses several national borders.
The Tisza drains an area of about 156,087 km2 (60,266 sq mi)[3] and has a length of 966 km (600 mi)[6] Its mean annual discharge is seasonally 792 m3/s (28,000 cu ft/s) to 1,050 m3/s (37,000 cu ft/s). It contributes about 13% of the Danube's total runoff.[3]
Attila the Hun is said to have been buried under a diverted section of the river Tisza.[7]
Names
The river was known as the Tisia in antiquity; other ancient names for it included Pathissus (Πάθισσος in Ancient Greek and later Tissus (in Latin)), (Pliny, Naturalis historia, 4.25). It may be referred to as the Theiss in older English references, after the German name for the river, Theiß. It is known as the Tibisco in Italian, and in older French references (as for instance in relation to the naval battles on the Danube between the Ottoman Empire and the Habsburg Empire in the 17th and 18th centuries) it is often referred to as the Tibisque.[citation needed]
Another theory is that it is derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic *teišus meaning still, quiet, silent to describe the river. [citation needed]
Modern names for the Tisza in the languages of the countries it flows through include:
The length of the Tisza in Hungary used to be 1,419 km (882 mi). It flowed through the Great Hungarian Plain, which is one of the largest flat areas in central Europe. Since plains can cause a river to flow very slowly, the Tisza used to follow a path with many curves and turns, which led to many large floods in the area.
After several small-scale attempts, István Széchenyi organised the "regulation of the Tisza" (Hungarian: a Tisza szabályozása) which started on August 27 1846, and substantially ended in 1880. The new length of the river in Hungary was reduced to 966 km (600 mi) in total, with 589 km (366 mi) of dead channels and 136 km (85 mi) of new riverbed.[8]
Lake Tisza
In the 1970s, the building of the Tisza Dam at Kisköre started with the purpose of helping to control floods as well as storing water for drought seasons. However, the resulting Lake Tisza became one of the most popular tourist destinations in Hungary since it had similar features to Lake Balaton at drastically cheaper prices and was not crowded.
Navigation
The Tisza is navigable over much of its course. The river opened up for international navigation only recently; before, Hungary distinguished "national rivers" and "international rivers", indicating whether non-Hungarian vessels were allowed or not. After Hungary joined the European Union, this distinction was lifted and vessels were allowed on the Tisza.[9]
Conditions of navigation differ with the circumstances: when the river is in flood, it is often unnavigable, just as it is at times of extreme drought.[10]
Wildlife
The Tisza has a rich and varied wildlife. Over 200 species of birds reside in the bird reserve of Tiszafüred. The flood plains along the river boast large amounts of diverse plant and animal life. In particular, the yearly "flowering" of the Tisza is considered a local natural wonder. The flowering attracts vast numbers of mayflies which is a well known spectacle.[11][12]
In early 2000, there was a sequence of serious pollution incidents originating from accidental industrial discharges in Romania. The first, in January 2000, occurred when there was a release of sludge containing cyanide from a Romanian mine and killed 2000 tons of fish. The second, from a mine pond at Baia Borsa, northern Romania, resulted in the release of 20,000 m3 (710,000 cu ft) of sludge containing zinc, lead and copper occurred in early March 2000. A week later, the third spill occurred at the same mining site at Baia Borsa, staining the river black, possibly including heavy metals.[14]
This series of incidents were described at the time as the most serious environmental disaster to hit central Europe since the Chernobyl disaster. Usage of river water for any purpose was temporarily banned and the Hungarian government pressed the Romanians and the European Union to close all installations that could lead to further pollution.[14]
Examination of river sediments indicates that pollution incidents from mines have occurred for over a century.[15]
Geography
Drainage basin
The Tisza River is part of the Danube River catchment area. It is the tributary with the largest catchment area (~157,000 km2). It accounts for more than 19% of the Danube river basin. The Tisza water system is shared by five countries: Ukraine (8%), Slovakia (10%), Hungary (29%), Romania (46%) and Serbia (7%).
The Tisza River Basin area and average discharge (period from 1946–2006) by country[16]
The 1800–2500 m high ridge of the Carpathian Mountains create in a semi circle the northern, eastern and southeastern boundary of the Tisza catchment. The western - southwestern reach of the watershed is comparatively low in some places – on its Hungarian and Serbian parts it is almost flat. The area is divided roughly along the centreline by the Carpathians Mountains, east of which lies the 400–600 m high plateau of the Transylvanian Basin, and the plains to the west. The highest summits of the river basin reach 1948 m in the Low Tatras (Kráľova hoľa), 2061 m in the Chornogora Mountains (Hoverla), 2303 m in the Rodna Mountains (Pietrosul Rodnei) and even higher in the Retezat Mountains of the Southern Carpathians (Peleaga, 2509 m). Areas above elevations higher than 1600 m occupy only 1% of the total; 46% of the territory lies below 200 m. The Tisza River Basin in the Slovak Republic is predominantly hilly area and the highest mountain peak in Kráľova hoľa - in the Low Tatras Mountain Range at 1948 m. The lowland area lies in the south, forming the northern edge of the Hungarian Lowland. The lowest point in the Slovak Republic is the village of Streda nad Bodrogom in the eastern Slovak lowland (96 m) in the Bodrog River Basin. The Hungarian and Vojvodina (Serbia) part of the Tisza River Basin is a flat area bordered by small ranges of hills and mountains from the north and dominated by the Hungarian lowland.[16]
Important hydrographic stations along the Tisza River (full list)[17][18][4]
^H. L. Nguyen; M. Braun; I. Szaloki; W. Baeyens; R. Van Grieken; M. Leermakers (2009). "Tracing the Metal Pollution History of the Tisza River". Water, Air, and Soil Pollution. 200: 119–132. doi:10.1007/s11270-008-9898-2. S2CID94627373.
Kabel sepaksi Kabel sepaksi atau kabel sesumbu (bahasa Inggris: coaxial cable) adalah sarana penyalur (distributor) atau pengalir hantar (transmitter) yang bertugas menyalurkan setiap informasi yang telah diubah menjadi sinyal–sinyal listrik. Kabel ini memiliki kemampuan yang besar dalam menyalurkan bidang frekuensi yang lebar, sehingga sanggup mengalir hantar (transmit) kelompok saluran frekuensi percakapan atau program televisi. Kabel sepaksi biasanya digunakan untuk saluran antarsetempat...
Commelinids commelinids Dactylis glomerata (en) TaksonomiDivisiTracheophytaSubdivisiSpermatophytesKladAngiospermaeKladmonocotsTanpa nilaicommelinids Ordo Arecales Commelinales Poales Zingiberales Tidak termasuk famili Dasypogonaceae lbs Komelinida[Catatan kaki 1] atau commelinids adalah sekumpulan empat bangsa dan satu suku yang monofiletik dan memiliki keterkaitan taksonomi yang kuat, baik dari segi fenotipe maupun dari sisi molekular. Nama lainnya adalah core Monokotil (monokotil in...
Panyabungan SelatanKecamatanPeta lokasi Kecamatan Panyabungan SelatanNegara IndonesiaProvinsiSumatera UtaraKabupatenMandailing NatalPemerintahan • Camat-Populasi • Total- jiwaKode Kemendagri12.13.04 Kode BPS1202051 Luas- km²Desa/kelurahan11 Panyabungan Selatan adalah sebuah kecamatan di Kabupaten Mandailing Natal, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia. Pranala luar (Indonesia) Keputusan Menteri Dalam Negeri Nomor 050-145 Tahun 2022 tentang Pemberian dan Pemutakhiran Kode, Da...
Disambiguazione – Se stai cercando il gioco da tavolo, vedi Lo zio d'America (gioco). Lo zio d'AmericaTitoli di testa della seconda stagionePaeseItalia Anno2002-2006 Formatoserie TV Generecommedia Stagioni2 Episodi12 Durata100 min (episodio) Lingua originaleItaliano CreditiRegiaRossella Izzo SceneggiaturaSimona Izzo e Graziano Diana Interpreti e personaggi Christian De Sica: Massimo Ricciardi Ornella Muti: Maria Monticelli (1ª stagione) Lorella Cuccarini: Francesca (2ª stagione) Eleonora...
French footballer Vincent Guérin Guérin in 2013Personal informationDate of birth (1965-11-22) 22 November 1965 (age 58)Place of birth Boulogne-Billancourt, FranceHeight 1.74 m (5 ft 9 in)[1]Position(s) MidfielderSenior career*Years Team Apps (Gls)1984–1988 Brest 91 (10)1988–1989 Matra Racing 34 (2)1989–1992 Montpellier 98 (9)1992–1998 Paris Saint-Germain 182 (16)1998–1999 Heart of Midlothian 19 (1)Total 424 (38)International career1993–1996 France 19 ...
Cyclohexanehexathione Names Preferred IUPAC name Cyclohexanehexathione Other names 1,2,3,4,5,6-CyclohexanehexathioneCyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexathione Identifiers CAS Number 129917-29-9 Y 3D model (JSmol) Interactive image ChemSpider 28680776 Y PubChem CID 71340739 CompTox Dashboard (EPA) DTXSID00767863 InChI InChI=1S/C6S6/c7-1-2(8)4(10)6(12)5(11)3(1)9 Y[pubchem]Key: OZKIZIQFPZROOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y[pubchem]InChI=1S/C6S6/c7-1-2(8)4(10)6(12)5(11)3(1)9Key:...
Award to biologist from scientific society Linnean Medal. The awardee's name is shown on the reverse side. Scholia has a profile for Linnean Medal (Q1635542). The Linnean Medal of the Linnean Society of London was established in 1888, and is awarded annually to alternately a botanist or a zoologist or (as has been common since 1958) to one of each in the same year. The medal was of gold until 1976, and is for the preceding years often referred to as the Gold Medal of the Linnean Society, not ...
Військово-музичне управління Збройних сил України Тип військове формуванняЗасновано 1992Країна Україна Емблема управління Військово-музичне управління Збройних сил України — структурний підрозділ Генерального штабу Збройних сил України призначений для планува...
American lawyer and politician (1890–1955) Bertrand W. GearhartMember of the U.S. House of Representativesfrom California's 9th districtIn officeJanuary 3, 1935 – January 3, 1949Preceded byDenver S. ChurchSucceeded byCecil F. White Personal detailsBorn(1890-05-31)May 31, 1890Fresno, CaliforniaDiedOctober 11, 1955(1955-10-11) (aged 65)San Francisco, CaliforniaPolitical partyRepublican Bertrand Wesley Bud Gearhart (May 31, 1890 – October 11, 1955) was an American lawyer a...
2017 book by Rod Dreher The neutrality of this article is disputed. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. Please do not remove this message until conditions to do so are met. (January 2021) (Learn how and when to remove this message) The Benedict Option First editionAuthorRod DreherCountryUnited StatesLanguageEnglishPublisherSentinelPublication date2017Media typePrintPages304ISBN978-0-735-21330-2 The Benedict Option: A Strategy for Christians in a Post-Christian Nation is a ...
Science of growing plants in urban environments Urban horticulture is the science and study of the growing plants in an urban environment. It focuses on the functional use of horticulture so as to maintain and improve the surrounding urban area.[1][2] Urban horticulture has seen an increase in attention with the global trend of urbanization and works to study the harvest, aesthetic, architectural, recreational and psychological purposes and effects of plants in urban environme...
American comic actor and writer (1922–2014) Sid CaesarCaesar in 1961BornIsaac Sidney Caesar(1922-09-08)September 8, 1922Yonkers, New York, U.S.DiedFebruary 12, 2014(2014-02-12) (aged 91)Beverly Hills, California, U.S.OccupationsActorcomedianwriterYears active1945–2005Spouse Florence Levy (m. 1943; died 2010)Children3 Isaac Sidney Caesar (September 8, 1922 – February 12, 2014) was an American actor, comedian and writer. ...
أبلى الموقع السعودية إحداثيات 23°39′33″N 40°28′35″E / 23.659277777778°N 40.476461111111°E / 23.659277777778; 40.476461111111 تعديل مصدري - تعديل أُبْلَى هي جبال في منطقة المدينة المنورة.[1] ذكرها في المصادر القديمة أبو عبيد الله البكري قال أبو عبيد الله البكري (1014 - 1094 م): .«بضمّ الهم...
يفتقر محتوى هذه المقالة إلى الاستشهاد بمصادر. فضلاً، ساهم في تطوير هذه المقالة من خلال إضافة مصادر موثوق بها. أي معلومات غير موثقة يمكن التشكيك بها وإزالتها. (ديسمبر 2018) كأس العالم 2002 المجموعة أمعلومات عامةجزء من كأس العالم 2002 فئة المنافسة كرة القدم للرجال الرياضة كرة القدم...
Liga 3 Sulawesi SelatanBadan yang mengaturPSSI Pusat (mengawasi)Asprov PSSI Sulsel (menjalankan)Negara IndonesiaKonfederasiAFCDibentuk2016 (dengan nama Liga Nusantara)2017 (dengan nama Liga 3)Musim perdanaLiga Nusantara 2016 Sulawesi Selatan (dengan nama Liga Nusantara)Liga 3 2017 Sulawesi Selatan (dengan nama Liga 3)DivisiAmatirJumlah tim(baru) 13 (2017) 17 (2018) 18 (2019) 20 (2021) 14 (2022–23) 18 (2023–24)Tingkat pada piramidake-3Promosi keLiga 2Degradasi keTidak adaPiala domesti...
Iranian-Kurdish tribe Šwānkāraشوانکارە1030–1424Map of Iran during Anarchy Era 1328-1384 AD. Shabankara in purple.CapitalIj (Ig)Common languagesKurdish PersianReligion Sunni IslamGovernmentMonarchy (princely confederation)Amir/Malik • 1030-1078 Fadluya• c.1310 (?)-1355 Ardashir History • Established 1030• Shabankara overthrown by Timurids 1424 Preceded by Succeeded by Buyid dynasty Timurid Empire Muzaffarid dynasty Shabankara or Shwankara...
