Tipcha

Tipcha (Hebrew: טִפְּחָא, also spelled Tifkha, Tifcha and other variant English spellings) is a cantillation mark commonly found in the Torah, Haftarah, and other books that are chanted. In Sephardic and Oriental traditions, it is called Tarcha, meaning "dragging" or "effort".

The Tipcha is found in both the Etnachta group as the second member of that group, and in the Sof passuk group, though the melody varies slightly in each. While it is a weak sound, it is considered to be stronger than a Tevir^[1]

The Hebrew word טִפְחָא translates into English as diagonal. It is related to the word tefach (טפח, measurement of the palm). The tipcha does not have a separating value of its own, as it is in the middle of a set of words.^[2]

Tipcha occurs in the Torah 11,285 times, more than any other trope sound. Tipcha is the only trope sound to appear more than 10,000 times in the Torah.^[3]

The first word of the Torah בראשית (Bereshit) is on a Tipcha.

Total occurrences

Book	Number of appearances
Torah	11,285^[3]
Genesis	2968^[3]
Exodus	2350^[3]
Leviticus	1667^[3]
Numbers	2435^[3]
Deuteronomy	1865^[3]
Nevi'im	9756^[4]
Ketuvim	6497^[4]

Melodies

Melodies for Tipcha, like other cantillation marks, vary in different traditions. The diagrams below show a possible way of chanting it in the Polish-Lithuanian tradition.

In Ethnachta group

In Sof Passuk group

Occurrence rules

In the Etnachta group, the Tipcha will always occur, regardless of whether or not there is a Mercha.^[5] Before a Sof Passuk, the Tipcha can only occur in conjunction with a Mercha.^[6]

References

^ Chanting the Hebrew Bible By Joshua R. Jacobson, page 9
^ Delimitation criticism: a new tool in biblical scholarship By Marjo Christina Annette Korpel, Josef M. Oesch, page 91
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Concordance of the Hebrew accents in the Hebrew Bible: Concordance ..., Volume 1 By James D. Price, page 6
^ ^a ^b Concordance of the Hebrew accents in the Hebrew Bible: Concordance ..., Volume 1 By James D. Price, page 5
^ An easy, practical Hebrew grammar: with exercises for translation ..., Volume 2 By Ph Mason, Herman Hedwig Bernard, page 239
^ An easy, practical Hebrew grammar: with exercises for translation ..., Volume 2 By Ph Mason, Herman Hedwig Bernard, page 240

Torah reading

Books that are read

Readings

Process

Equipment

Cantillation

Katan group	Mahpach Pashta Munach Zakef katan Kadma Yetiv
Etnachta group	Mercha Tipcha Munach Etnachta
Sof Passuk group	Mercha Tipcha Mercha Sof passuk
Segol group	Munach Zarka Munach Segol
Telisha group	Munach Pazer Telisha Ketana/Gedola
Other	Zakef gadol Rivia Gershayim Darga Tevir Kadma (V'Azla) Geresh
Rare	Shalshelet Mercha kefula Yerach ben yomo Karne parah

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