Timeline of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk

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Mustafa Kemal Atatürk

Reforms

Kemalism

Mustafa Kemal Atatürk's signature

Timeline of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk is a timeline of events during the lifespan of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. The timeline also includes the background events starting with the Sultan Abdul Hamid II.

Legend
Military career Leadership during Independence Presidency Personal life
1876 1 September Accession of Abdul Hamid II.[1]
23 December Promulgation of Ottoman constitution Ottoman constitution of 1876 (Kanûn-ı Esâsî).
1877 19 March Opening of first Ottoman parliament.
24 April Russian troops enter Ottoman territory.
1878 14 February Ottoman parliament dissolved.
3 March Russian victory confirmed by Treaty of San Stefano (Ayastefanos).
13 July Treaty of Berlin replaces Treaty of San Stefano.
1881 Mustafa (Kemal Atatürk) born in Salonica (Selanik, now Thessaloniki, Greece).
24 May New border with Greece. Thessaly ceded to Greece.
1888 Ali Rıza, Mustafa's father, dies.
1893 Mustafa enters military preparatory school in Salonica.
1897 Greco-Ottoman War.
1899 13 March Mustafa Kemal enters infantry class of War College in Constantinople (now known in English as Istanbul).
1902 10 February Commissioned Second Lieutenant, and enters Staff College.
1903 Promoted First Lieutenant.
1905 11 January Passes out as Staff Captain and is posted for Fifth Army in Syria; revives a secret opposition group in Damascus.
1906 Makes clandestine trip to Salonica.
1907 20 June Promoted Adjutant-Major.
13 October Posted to Third Army headquarters in Salonica.
1908 22 June Appointed to Inspectorate of Eastern Railways in Rumelia.
24 July Young Turk Revolution.
September Mustafa Kemal travels to Tripoli and Benghazi to re-establish CUP.
1909 13 January Appointed chief of staff of 7th reserve division in Salonica.
13 April Travels with his division to the outskirts of Constantinople; 31 March Incident.
27 April Abdul Hamid II deposed and succeeded by Mehmet V; 31 March Incident.
1910 September Visits French army manoeuvres in Picardy.
1911 15 January Appointed to 5th army corps headquarters.
January Commander 38th infantry regiment.
13 September Posted to general staff in Constantinople.
September Volunteers for service against the Italians in Cyrenaica.
27 November Promoted Major.
1912 11 March Appointed commander of Derne sector in Cyrenaica; Italo-Turkish War.
8 October First Balkan War.
8 October Salonica falls to the Greeks.
24 October Mustafa Kemal leaves Cyrenaica and returns to Constantinople.
25 November Appointed director of operations of Straits Composite Force.
1913 23 January CUP seizes power (1913 Ottoman coup d'état).
24 March Adrianople (Edirne) falls to the Bulgarians.
29 June Second Balkan War.
21 July Ottomans reoccupy Edirne.
29 September Treaty of Constantinople fixes Turkish-Bulgarian frontier.
27 October Mustafa Kemal appointed military attaché in Sofia.
1914 1 March Mustafa Kemal promoted Lieutenant-Colonel.
28 July Austria declares war on Serbia; beginning of First World War.
2 August Ottoman Empire signs Ottoman–German alliance.
29 October After Pursuit of Goeben and Breslau Ottoman navy under German command shells Russian targets.
2 November Russia declares war on Ottoman Empire.
5 November Britain declares war on Ottoman Empire.
5 November France declares war on Ottoman Empire.
1915 20 January Mustafa Kemal leaves Sofia to take up appointment as commander of 19th division for service in Battle of Gallipoli.
21 March Allied navy fails to force the straits at Naval operations in the Dardanelles Campaign.
27 April Allied troops Landing at Anzac Cove faced with Kemal.
6 August Final attempts made by the British at Battle of Sari Bair faced with Kemal.
1919 30 April Appointed the Inspector of the Ninth Army Troops.
19 May Kemal lands in Samsun.
8 July Mustafa Kemal resigns from the post of Inspector of Third Army and from the army.
23 July Kemal elected Chairman of Erzurum Congress.
1920 23 April Kemal opens the Grand National Assembly (BMM) in Angora (now Ankara).
11 May Kemal is condemned to death by the government in Constantinople.
1921 5 August Appointed Commander - in - Chief by the Grand National Assembly.
23 August The battle of Sakarya begins with Turkish troops led by Mustafa Kemal.
19 September Kemal receives the rank of Marshal and the title Gazi (veteran, victorious warrior).
1922 26 August Gazi Mustafa Kemal begins to lead Great Offensive from the hill of Kocatepe.
30 August Mustafa Kemal at the Battle of Dumlupınar.
10 September Enters Izmir.
1 November The Grand National Assembly abolish the Sultanate.
1923 14 January Zübeyde Hanım dies in Smyrna (now Izmir).
29 January Mustafa Kemal and Latife Uşşakizade marry in Izmir.
29 October Proclamation of the Republic of Turkey.
29 October Elected first president.
1928 9 August Speaks at Sarayburnu about the new Turkish alphabet.
1932 12 July Founds the Turkish Linguistic Society (now the Turkish Language Association).[2]
1934 16 June The Grand National Assembly of Turkey passes a law granting him the surname "ATATÜRK".
1938 10 November He dies.

See also

References

  1. ^ The New Encyclopaedia Britannica. Inc Encyclopaedia Britannica (15th ed.). Chicago, Ill. 2010. ISBN 978-1-59339-837-8. OCLC 351325565.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: others (link)
  2. ^ Tachau, Frank (1964). "Language and Politics: Turkish Language Reform". The Review of Politics. 26 (2): 196–198. doi:10.1017/S0034670500004733. ISSN 0034-6705. JSTOR 1405748. S2CID 144763761.