PROFILPELAJAR.COM

Tiliaceae (/ˌtɪliˈeɪsii/) is a family of flowering plants. It is not a part of the APG, APG II and APG III classifications, being sunk in Malvaceae mostly as the subfamilies Tilioideae, Brownlowioideae and Grewioideae, but has an extensive historical record of use.

All through its existence the family has had a very lively history, with various authors taking very different views on what should be part of this family. As a result, it is recommended when this name is encountered to check what the author means.

However, in the northern temperate regions the name is unambiguous as the only representative is Tilia, the lime or linden.

APG II system

The APG II system, does not recognise this as a family but submerges it in the Malvaceae sensu lato, which unites the four families Bombacaceae, Malvaceae sensu stricto, Sterculiaceae and Tiliaceae. Modern botanical taxonomy, such as the relevant volume in the Kubitzki series which conforms to APG, treats most of the plants that traditionally constitute the family (see above) in the subfamilies Tilioideae, Brownlowioideae, and Grewioideae within this extended family Malvaceae sensu lato. Cladistically, the traditional family Tiliaceae is polyphyletic.

de Candolle system

In the de Candolle system the circumscription of the family was:

family Tiliaceae
genus I. Sparmannia [sic: now Sparrmannia]

genus II. Abatia

genus III. Heliocarpus

genus IV. Antichorus

genus V. Corchorus

genus VI. Honckenya [sic, see Clappertonia]

genus VII. Triumfetta

genus VIII. Grewia

genus IX. Columbia [sic, now Colona]

genus X. Tilia

genus XI. Diplophractum

genus XII. Muntingia

genus XIII. Apeiba

genus XIV. Sloanea

genus XV. Ablania

genus XIV. Gyrostemon

genus XVII. Christiana

genus XVIII. Alegria

genus XIX. Luhea [sic, now: Luehea]

genus XX. Vatica

genus XXI. Espera

genus XXII. Wikstroemia

genus XXIII. Berrya

According to APG II system, the current placement of these genera is mostly in the Malvaceae sensu lato, but with Gyrostemon moved to family Gyrostemonaceae, Muntingia to family Muntingiaceae, Sloanea to family Elaeocarpaceae, Vatica to family Dipterocarpaceae and Wikstroemia to family Thymelaeaceae (possibly reduced to a synonym of Daphne). The genus Abatia is assigned to the family Salicaceae sensu lato.

Bentham & Hooker system

The family reached perhaps its widest circumscription in the Bentham & Hooker system:

family XXXIII Tiliaceae
series A. Holopetalae
tribus I. Brownlowieae
genus 1. Brownlowia

genus 2. Pentace

genus 3. Diplodiscus

genus 4. Pityranthe

genus 5. Christiana

genus 6. Berrya

genus 7. Carpodiptera

tribus II. Grewieae
genus 8. Grewia

genus 9. Columbia [sic, now Colona]

genus 10. Diplophractum

genus 11. Belotia

genus 12. Erinocarpus

genus 13. Triumfetta

genus 14. Heliocarpus

tribus III. Tilieae
genus 15. Entelea

genus 16. Sparrmannia

genus 17. Honckenya [sic, see Clappertonia]

genus 18. Corchorus

genus 19. Corchoropsis

genus 20. Luehea

genus 21. Mollia

genus 22. Trichospermum

genus 23. Muntingia

genus 24. Tilia

genus 25. Leptonychia

genus 26. Schoutenia

tribus IV. Apeibeae
genus 27. Glypilea

genus 28. Apeiba

series B. Heteropetalae
tribus V. Prockieae
genus 29. Prockia

genus 30. Hasseltia

genus 31. Plagiopteron

genus 32? Ropalocarpus

tribus VI. Sloanieae
genus 33. Vallea

genus 34. Sloanea

genus 35. Echinocarpus

genus 36. Antholoma

tribus VII. Elaeocarpeae
genus 37. Aristotelia

genus 38. Elaeocarpus

genus 39. Dubouzetia

genus 40. Tricuspidaria

According to APG II system, the current placement of these genera is perhaps mostly in the Malvaceae sensu lato, but with Muntingia moved to family Muntingiaceae, while tribes VI and VII form the core of family Elaeocarpaceae and tribe V has been moved to the family Salicaceae sensu lato.

The Hutchinson system follows the Bentham & Hooker system rather closely.

Cronquist system

In the Cronquist system (1981) the family includes some fifty genera, totalling around seven hundred species of trees and shrubs, rarely herbs, with a subcosmopolitan distribution. It may be separated from Malvaceae sensu stricto by the smooth surface of the pollen grains, bilocular anthers, and the stamens free or in bundles (but not monadelphous)