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The Magic Box
The Magic Box
Directed by	John Boulting
Written by	Ray Allister and Eric Ambler
Produced by	Ronald Neame
Starring	Robert Donat; Margaret Johnston; Maria Schell; Robert Beatty; Margaret Rutherford
Cinematography	Jack Cardiff
Edited by	Richard Best
Music by	William Alwyn
Distributed by	British Lion Films
Release date	1951;
Running time	118 minutes
Country	United Kingdom
Language	English
Budget	£220,000 or $700,000
Box office	£82,398 (UK)

The Magic Box is a 1951 British Technicolor biographical drama film directed by John Boulting.^[4] The film stars Robert Donat as William Friese-Greene, with numerous cameo appearances by performers such as Peter Ustinov and Laurence Olivier.^[5] It was produced by Ronald Neame and distributed by British Lion Film Corporation.^[4]

The film was a project of the Festival of Britain and adapted by Eric Ambler from the controversial biography by Ray Allister.^[6]

This biographical drama gives an account of William Friese-Greene, who designed and patented one of the earliest working cinematic cameras.^[7] Told in flashback, the film follows Friese-Greene's obsessional pursuit of recording the "moving image", to the neglect of his financial situation, and the problems this causes in his two marriages.^[8]

Plot

The first section of the film is told from the perspective of Mrs Friese-Green telling the story of how she met Willie to a friend. They marry and have four sons but are in constant financial difficulties due to his experiments to create colour film. The three oldest boys lie about their age in order to enlist in the army in the First World War. His wife leaves him due to the stress.

Coming out of her flashback, back in 1921, William Friese-Greene, is still in dire financial straits, he attends a film conference in London. He is saddened that all those attending are businessmen interested only in moneymaking. He attempts to speak, but no-one is interested and he sits down. He thinks back to his early pioneering days and a longer flashback begins.

Young "Willie" works as an assistant to photographer Maurice Guttenberg, who will not let him take portraits his way. After an argument with Guttenberg he leaves and, with his new wife, a client of his former employer, he opens a studio. After a slow start, he does well and opens other studios, but he is more interested in developing moving pictures and colour films.

He goes to visit Fox Talbot on the same day he is meant to sing a solo within a choir with his wife. He forgets to go and she has to sing his part, but he is delighted with his meeting with Talbot. They move to London. Although he is a successful photographer he sidetracks this profitable work for his costly experiments in creating celluloid film. He is in partnership with Mr Collings who initially has faith in him but as a businessman is eventually forced to break the partnership. He mortgages his house to raise money.

One Sunday he lies to his wife and excuses himself from church and instead meets a relative and his son in Hyde Park. He films them approaching on his new camera and tripod and asks them to help carry the tripod to the parade. At night he starts to develop the first film. He waits patiently. The clock strikes 3 a.m. The film develops and he puts it in his projector, hardly daring to look. We see the flicker of light on his face.

Excited, he rushes out and drags in a passing policeman (Laurence Olivier credited as Larry Oliver), he says "it is almost as if he was alive". The policeman gets worried and draws his truncheon. He asks the policeman to witness the success of the film. The policeman is dumbfounded, not quite comprehending what he has just seen. Willie explains he is seeing eight pictures per second and it looks like movement.

He tells his wife they will be millionaires. Instead we see him in the bankruptcy court. His wife collapses in a side office. The doctor says she has a heart condition and recommends a year in bed. She tears up the list of expensive medicines on her journey home. She tells Willie she has sold jewellery to allow him to rent a new studio. It is his birthday, he has forgotten, but she gives him a prism as a present and he is delighted. The story then ends flashback.

Back at the conference, Friese-Greene again stands up to speak, clutching a reel of film. He states how film has become a "universal language" but becomes incoherent and is forced to sit down. He collapses. A doctor is called, but it is too late. Examining the contents of his pockets in an attempt to identify him, the doctor comments that all the money he could find was just enough for a ticket to the cinema.

Cast

Robert Donat as William Friese-Greene
Margaret Johnston as Edith Harrison
Maria Schell as Helena Friese-Greene
David Oake as Claude Friese-Greene
Janette Scott as Ethel Friese-Greene
John Howard Davies as Maurice Friese-Greene
Robert Beatty as Lord Beaverbrook
Richard Attenborough as Jack Carter
Basil Sydney as William Fox Talbot
Bernard Miles as Cousin Alfred
Eric Portman as Arthur Collings
Mary Ellis as Mrs Collings
Muir Mathieson as Sir Arthur Sullivan
Joyce Grenfell as Mrs Claire
Dennis Price as Harold, the man who gathers Willie's possessions
Margaret Rutherford as Lady Pond
Mervyn Johns as Goitz
Glynis Johns as May Jones
Frederick Valk as Maurice Guttenberg
Ronald Shiner as the Fairground Barker
Peter Reynolds as Bridegroom

Cameos

Barry Jones as a doctor
Bessie Love as wedding group member
Cecil Parker at the Connaught Rooms
Cecil Trouncer as John Rudge
David Tomlinson as a Willie's lab assistant
Emlyn Williams as a Bank Manager
Ernest Thesiger as "man"
Kay Walsh as a receptionist
Laurence Olivier and Jack Hulbert as police officers
Leo Genn as a doctor
Marius Goring as an estate agent
Michael Denison as a reporter
Michael Hordern as the Official Receiver
Miles Malleson as an orchestra conductor
Peter Ustinov as an "industry man" in audience
Sheila Sim as a nursemaid
Sid James as an army sergeant in payroom
Stanley Holloway as a broker's man come to collect goods in lieu of rent
Thora Hird as a housekeeper
William Hartnell as a Recruiting sergeant
Googie Withers, A. E. Matthews, John McCallum, Patrick Holt, Robertson Hare, Richard Murdoch and Sybil Thorndike as sitters
Henry Edwards as the Butler at Fox Talbot's
Renée Asherson as Miss Tagg
Martin Boddey as Sitter in Bath Studio
Edward Chapman as Father in family group
Maurice Colbourne as Bride's father in wedding group
Roland Culver as 1st Company promoter
Joan Dowling as Maggie
Marjorie Fielding as Elderly Viscountess
Robert Flemyng as Doctor in surgery
Everley Gregg as Bridegroom's mother in wedding group
Kathleen Harrison as Mother in family group
Joan Hickson as Mrs Stukely
Jack Hulbert as 1st Holborn Policeman
Peter Jones as Industry Man who picks up Willie when he falls
Ann Lancaster as Bridesmaid in Wedding Group
Herbert Lomas as Warehouse manager
John Longden as Speaker in Connaught rooms
Garry Marsh as Second company promoter
Michael Trubshawe as Sitter in Bath studio
Amy Veness as Grandmother in wedding group
Charles Victor as Industry man
Harcourt Williams as Tom
Frank Pettingell as Bridegroom's father in Wedding Group
Norman Pierce as Speaker in Connaught rooms
Michael Redgrave as Mr. Lege the instrument maker who creates the movie camera
Oda Slobodskaya as Soloist at Bath concert
John Stuart as 2nd Platform man at Connaught
Sally Smith as Little girl
Marianne Stone as Bride in wedding group

Production

Half the budget was provided by the National Film Finance Corporation (NFFC). The film was made by Festival Film Productions, a semi co operative to which all major British film companies contributed their services either free or on a reduced rate basis.^[1]

Release and reception

The film was completed and shown just before the end of the 1951 Festival of Britain, but it did not enter general release until 1952.^[9]

In The New York Times, Bosley Crowther wrote: "it seems to have no ground beneath it—no association with historic events—and it turns out to be, in large measure, just a handsome exercise in pathos and sentiment. That doesn't say, however, that it is not expertly done and that it doesn't deserve the attention of all who are interested in the craft of the screen. In the principal role, Robert Donat does a superlative job of conveying both the vigor of a young man and the fragile dignity of old age—a role highly reminiscent of his unforgettable 'Mr. Chips'. As his two wives, Margaret Johnston and Maria Schnell [sic] are excellent, and a host of the best British performers are all fine in smaller roles. An idea of the extravagance may be had in the fact that the distinguished Laurence Olivier plays a policeman "bit." While Eric Ambler's script, based on a biography of Friese-Greene by Ray Allister, is understandably vague and extended, it is quaintly eventful and literate, and John Boulting's direction is finished and polished to the nines. Excellent color (by Technicolor) and superb setting and costuming all around add to the lustre of a picture that has everything but a major theme."^[10]

American film historian Terry Ramsaye writing in the Motion Picture Herald called its portrayal of Friese-Greene as the father of the motion pictures a "perversion of history" and "an injustice to the very genuine contributions of eminent British scientists and other persons". The producers charged Ramsaye with prejudice against Friese-Greene.^[11]