Banteng Surgawi

Dalam mitologi Mesopotamia kuno, Kerbau Surgawi adalah sebuah makhluk mistis yang dilawan oleh pahlawan Gilgames. Cerita Kerbau Surgawi memiliki dua versi berbeda: yang satu dicatat dalam syair berbahasa Sumeria dan versi berikutnya dalam bahasa Akkadia standar Wiracarita Gilgames. Dalam syair Sumeria, kerbau tersebut dikirim untuk menyerang Gilgames oleh dewi Inanna untuk alasan tak jelas. Catatan Akkadia yang lebih lengkap yang berasal dari Tablet VI dari Wiracarita Gilgames, dimana Gilgames menolak bujukan seksual dari dewi Ishtar, sinonim Semitik Timur dari Inanna, membuat Ishtar membujuk ayahnya Anu untuk memberikan Kerbau Surgawi, sehingga ia dapat mengirimkannya untuk menyerang Gilgames di Uruk. Anu memberikannya kerbau tersebut dan ia mengirimkannya untuk menyerang Gilgames dan pengikutnya, Enkidu, yang menjagal kerbau tersebut bersamaan.

Referensi

^ Powell 2012, hlm. 342.
^ Black & Green 1992, hlm. 90.
^ Powell 2012, hlm. 341–343.

Daftar pustaka

Anderson, Graham (2000). Fairytale in the Ancient World. New York City, New York and London, England: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-23702-4.
Black, Jeremy; Green, Anthony (1992), Gods, Demons and Symbols of Ancient Mesopotamia: An Illustrated Dictionary, The British Museum Press, ISBN 978-0714117058
Burkert, Walter (2005), "Chapter Twenty: Near Eastern Connections", dalam Foley, John Miles, A Companion to Ancient Epic, New York City, New York and London, England: Blackwell Publishing, ISBN 978-1-4051-0524-8
Dalley, Stephanie (1989), Myths from Mesopotamia: Creation, the Flood, Gilgamesh, and Others, Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-283589-5
Fontenrose, Joseph Eddy (1980) [1959], Python: A Study of Delphic Myth and Its Origins, Berkeley, California, Los Angeles, California, and London, England: The University of California Press, ISBN 978-0-520-04106-6
Gordon, Cyrus H.; Rendsburg, Gary A. (1997) [1953], The Bible and the Ancient Near East, New York City, New York and London, England: W. W. Norton & Company, ISBN 978-0-393-31689-6
Jacobsen, Thorkild (1976), The Treasures of Darkness: A History of Mesopotamian Religion, New Haven, Connecticut and London, England: Yale University Press, ISBN 978-0-300-02291-9
Louden, Bruce (2011), Homer's Odyssey and the Near East, Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-76820-7
Powell, Barry B. (2012) [2004], "Gilgamesh: Heroic Myth", Classical Myth (edisi ke-Seventh), London, England: Pearson, hlm. 336–350, ISBN 978-0-205-17607-6
Pryke, Louise M. (2017), Ishtar, New York and London: Routledge, ISBN 978-1-138--86073-5
Rice, Michael (1998), The Power of the Bull, New York City, New York and London, England: Routledge, ISBN 978-0-415-09032-2
Tigay, Jeffrey H. (2002) [1982], The Evolution of the Gilgamesh Epic, Wauconda, Illinois: Bolchazzy-Carucci Publishers, Inc., ISBN 978-0-86516-546-5
West, M. L. (1997), The East Face of Helicon: West Asiatic Elements in Greek Poetry and Myth, Oxford, England: Clarendon Press, ISBN 978-0-19-815221-7

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