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The Great Warrior Skanderbeg
The Great Warrior Skanderbeg
	Film poster
Directed by	Sergei Yutkevich
Written by	Mikhail Papava
Starring	Akaki Khorava
Cinematography	Yevgeniy Nikolayevich Andrikanis
Edited by	Klavdiya Aleyeva
Music by	Çesk Zadeja; Georgy Sviridov;
Distributed by	Artkino Pictures
Release date	28 November 1953;
Running time	120 minutes
Countries	Soviet Union; Albania
Language	Albanian

The Great Warrior Skanderbeg (Albanian: Luftëtari i madh i Shqipërisë Skënderbeu; Russian: Великий воин Албании Скандербег, romanized: Velikiy voin Albanii Skanderbeg) is a 1953 Soviet-Albanian biopic directed by Sergei Yutkevich. It was entered into the 1954 Cannes Film Festival where it earned the International Prize. Yutkevich also earned the Special Mention award for his direction.^[1]

The film is a biography of George Kastriot Skanderbeg (1405–1468), widely known as Skanderbeg, a 15th-century Albanian lord who defended his land against the Ottoman Empire for more than two decades.

In 2012, for the 100th anniversary of Albanian independence, the film was remastered for high definition with new voices, music, and sound effects.^[2]

Plot

A historical film about the Albanian people's struggle against Turkish invaders in the 15th century, led by George Kastrioti, known to the Turks as Skanderbeg. The son of a prince, he was sent as a child hostage to the Ottoman Sultan, where he was raised as a warrior of the empire. After 20 years of serving the Ottoman throne, his love for his homeland drives him to rise against his oppressors.

Cast

Akaki Khorava as Gjergj Kastrioti / Skanderbeg (dubbed in Albanian by Lec Bushati)
Nikolai Timofeyev as Italian poet
Vladimir Solovyov as Franciscan friar
Boris Tenin as Din
Besa Imami as Donika Kastrioti
Adivie Alibali as Mamica Kastrioti
Naim Frashëri as Pal Muzaka
Oleg Zhakov as Tanush Thopia
Sergo Zakariadze as Laonikus
Vladimir Belokurov as Đurađ Branković, Serbian King
Sergei Kurilov as Lekë Zaharia
Semyon Sokolovsky as Hamza Kastrioti
Veriko Anjaparidze as Dafina (Voisava Kastrioti)
Georgy Chernovolenko as Marash
Alexander Vertinsky as Francesco Foscari, Doge of Venice
Georgy Rumyantsev as Lekë Dukagjini
Marie Logoreci as countess
Vahram Papazian as Murad II (voiced by Yakov Belenky)
Nodar Şaşıqoğlu as Mehmed II
Yury Yakovlev as warrior

Production

In April 1949, Enver Hoxha wrote to the Soviet Ministry of Foreign Affairs requesting that a film about Skanderbeg be made.^[3] The film started production in 1951. The Soviet Union paid for 80% of the production with Albania paying the remaining 20%. The Soviets decided to make a film about a national hero as they previously done in coproductions with the Mongolian People's Republic, China, and East Germany.^[4]

Most of the film was shot in the Soviet Union at the Mosfilm Studio and in Yalta, Sudak, and Kislovodsk. Some scenes were filmed in Albania such as Gjirokastër being used as Skanderbeg's stronghold in Krujë or scenes in Venice being filmed in the Saint Procopius Church of Tirana. The majority of the actors were from the Soviet Union, including the actor playing Skanderbeg.^[5] Vahram Papazian, an Armenian, played the Ottoman sultan.^[6]

The screenplay featured historical inaccuracies and anachronisms. The phrase "Science has no motherland" despite the word science not existing in the modern sense yet and Skanderbeg uses rice in a scene explaining his battle strategies. A scene of men smoking was removed as tobacco was not used in Albania at the time. The Albanians wanted to remove a scene in which Skanderbeg ends a local blood feud through peaceful methods as it was historically and culturally inaccurate, but it remained in the film.^[7] Historian Aleks Buda was a consultant for the film.^[8]

The original Albanian dub was considered to be of poor quality. Sergei Yutkevich criticized the monotone voice given to Skanderbeg and proposed that he should be voiced by Naim Frashëri. The film was redubbed in 2012 under the direction of Piro Milkani and Eno Milkani.^[9]

Release

The Great Warrior Skanderbeg premiered in Moscow and Tirana on 28 November, the 44th anniversary of Albania's independence. It was shown at the 1954 Cannes Film Festival and won an international prize.^[10]^[11]