Television in Finland

People gather to watch the first television transmission of Finland in May 1955.

Television was introduced in Finland in 1955.[1] Color television started in 1969[2][3] and was introduced gradually, with most programs in color by the late 1970s. All terrestrial analogue stations stopped broadcasting on 1 September 2007 after the introduction of digital television; cable providers were allowed to continue analog broadcasting in their networks until 1 March 2008.

Typically, foreign-language content is subtitled, retaining the original language soundtrack. This includes interview responses in news or magazine programmes not given in the main language of that programme. Foreign programming intended for children is, however, usually dubbed into one of the national languages. Regardless of the intended audience or original language, many shows receive a Finnish and/or Swedish title which is used in programme schedules.

In 2016 it was said that 47% of people watch via terrestrial antenna, 43% via cable, 11% via IPTV and 4% via satellite.[4]

History

Promotional photograph for Yleisradio's Yle TV2 quiz show Ristisana with hosts Kaarina Elo and Jouko Sinkkonen in 1971.

On 24 May 1955, the first public television broadcast in Finland was aired by the Radioinsinööriseura [fi] (later Elektroniikkainsinöörien seura [fi]).[5] The project eventually developed into TES-TV (later Tesvisio), the first television channel in Finland that began regular broadcasts on 21 March 1956.[6][7] The public broadcaster Yleisradio began their television project in 1957, with regular broadcasts starting from 1 January 1958. Suomen Televisio (now Yle TV1), as the channel was called, also featured commercial programming from MTV, a separate channel that leased programming blocks from Yleisradio. This arrangement would last until 1993.

Yleisradio acquired Tesvisio in 1964 and reorganized its assets into a second TV channel (now Yle TV2). Despite MTV's demands that the second channel be in their control, Yleisradio maintained ownership of the second channel but sold MTV more time on it. In 1986, a third channel Kolmoskanava was introduced as a joint venture between Yleisradio, MTV and Nokia. MTV gradually purchased Kolmoskanava into their ownership and in 1993, turned it into MTV3. Once MTV3 was introduced, MTV moved all of its programming there.

Since 2021, around 75% of the Finnish population watch television content online via YouTube, Vimeo, and other, in addition to online TV broadcasting companies.[8]

Finnish programming

MTV3

Finnish TV-series Salatut elämät ("Secret Lives", literally "Concealed Lives")

Diva Channel

Digital terrestrial

Main article: Digital terrestrial television in Finland

Digital terrestrial television was launched on 21 August 2001. The analogue networks continued its broadcasts alongside the digital ones until 1 September 2007, when they were shut down nationwide.

Before the analogue switchoff, the terrestrial network had three multiplexes: MUX A, MUX B and MUX C. MUX A contained the channels of the public broadcaster Yleisradio and MUX B was shared between the two commercial broadcasters: MTV3 and Nelonen. MUX C contained channels of various other broadcasters. After the analogue closedown, a fourth multiplex named MUX E was launched.

In addition the free-to-air broadcasts, two companies are providing encryption cards for pay television: Canal Digital and PlusTV. Canal Digital was the first to launch, originally only offering four Canal+ channels (the Disney Channel was added later on). PlusTV was launched in November 2006, originally only broadcasting MTV3 Max and Subtv Juniori (later on adding Subtv Leffa and Urheilu+kanava). Both packages got more channels with the launch of MUX E in September 2007: SVT Europa and MTV3 Fakta was added to PlusTV and KinoTV was added to Canal Digital, while Discovery Channel, Eurosport, MTV Finland and Nickelodeon were added to both packages. [citation needed]

September 2007 also saw the launch of the SveaTV package in Ostrobothnia which broadcasts channels from Sweden. [citation needed]

The digital channel YLE Extra was closed on 31 December 2007 and was replaced by YLE TV1+, a simulcast of TV1 with subtitles included in the video stream. TV1+ was closed on 4 August 2008 due to its low viewing share.[9]

Finland fully launched DVB-T2 in November 2024, and will exclusively use DVB-T2 starting June 2025.[10]

Cable

Analogue cable television were switched off in Finland on 1 March 2008, but digital cable television is widespread all over the country and its infrastructure used for cable internet services.[citation needed]

The major cable operators are DNA, Welho and TTV, operating in Turku, Helsinki and Tampere areas. All pay television uses digital broadcasts, DVB-C set-top boxes have been available since 2001.[citation needed]

Satellite

Digital satellite television started in Nordic countries, and also in Finland, by Multichoice Nordic pay-TV platform during 1996. The first set-top boxes available were manufactured by Nokia and Pace. After that, the service merged with Canal Digital in late 1997. Competing pay television Viasat and Yle's channel TV Finland started digital broadcasts in 1999. [citation needed]

Canal Digital launched some HDTV channels, like Discovery HD, on their digital paytv-package during 2006. Pan-European HDTV-channel Euro1080 HD1 is available also in Finland. [citation needed]

List of channels

All Yle channels are broadcast free-to-air and so are a few commercial ones including MTV3, Nelonen, MTV Sub, Jim, TV5, Star Channel and Kutonen. Yle channels are state owned and are funded by a ring fenced so-called "Yle tax".

Most of the channels are the same throughout mainland Finland. In Ostrobothnia and Åland there is an extra multiplex available which provides encrypted channels from Sweden, along with respective local stations,[11] and of course due to overlapping signals, Russian, Swedish, Norwegian and Estonian stations are able to be seen near the border areas and vice versa.

DTT Channels[12]

No. Channel Name Description MUX and standart
1. Yle TV1 documentaries, news, politics, satire, series, films MUX B DVB-T2
2. Yle TV2 sports, entertainment, series, films, children's programming MUX B DVB-T2
3. MTV3 films, series, sports, news MUX B DVB-T2
4. Nelonen films, series, sports, news MUX B DVB-T2
5. Yle Teema & Fem culture, sciences and learning. Also programming by the Swedish-language department of Yle MUX B DVB-T2
6. MTV Sub imported series, films, reality, sports MUX E DVB-T2
7. TV5 entertainment, films, series, documentaries MUX E DVB-T2
8. Liv women's programmes, lifestyle programmes, films, series, documentaries MUX E DVB-T2
9. Jim men's programmes, reality, documentaries, sports MUX E DVB-T2
10. Kutonen men's programmes, music, films, series, documentaries MUX E DVB-T2
11. TLC women's programmes, lifestyle MUX E DVB-T2
12. Star Channel series, films, documentaries MUX E DVB-T2
13. MTV Ava women's programmes, lifestyle programmes, films, series, documentaries MUX E DVB-T2
14. Hero imported series and films MUX E DVB-T2
15. Frii women's programmes, lifestyle programmes, films, documentaries MUX E DVB-T2
16. AlfaTV programmes for minorities, religious programmes MUX E DVB-T2
17. Eveo Schlager music MUX E DVB-T2
18. Iskuri.fi adult entertainment MUX E DVB-T2
20. National Geographic nature, history, documentaries MUX E DVB-T2
21. Yle TV1 SD[13] documentaries, news, politics, satire, series, films MUX A DVB-T
22. Yle TV2 SD[13] sports, entertainment, series, films, children's programming MUX A DVB-T
23. MTV3 SD[14] films, series, sports, news MUX A DVB-T
24. Nelonen SD[14] films, series, sports, news MUX A DVB-T
25. Yle Teema & Fem SD[13] culture, sciences and learning. Also programming by the Swedish-language department of Yle MUX A DVB-T
26. MTV Sub SD[14] imported series, films, reality, sports MUX A DVB-T
27. TV5 SD[14] entertainment, films, series, documentaries MUX C DVB-T
28. Liv SD[14] women's programmes, lifestyle programmes, films, series, documentaries MUX C DVB-T
29. Jim SD[14] men's programmes, reality, documentaries, sports MUX C DVB-T
30. Kutonen SD[14] men's programmes, music, films, series, documentaries MUX C DVB-T
31. TLC SD[14] women's programmes, lifestyle MUX C DVB-T
32. Star Channel SD[14] series, films, documentaries MUX C DVB-T
33. MTV Ava SD[14] women's programmes, lifestyle programmes, films, series, documentaries MUX A DVB-T
34. One Way TV religious programmes MUX E DVB-T2
35. Frii SD[14] women's programmes, lifestyle programmes, films, documentaries MUX C DVB-T
36. OnniTV MUX E DVB-T2
39. National Geographic SD[14] nature, history, documentaries MUX C DVB-T
40. MTV Max sports, outdoors, documentaries, programming for men MUX D DVB-T2
41. Eurosport 1[15] sport MUX F DVB-T2[16]
43. MTV Juniori SD children's programming MUX D DVB-T2
44. Discovery Channel SD documentaries, science MUX D DVB-T2
45. Eurosport 2[15] sport MUX F DVB-T2[16]
46. CNN International SD news MUX D DVB-T2
47. Investigation Discovery SD[15] documentaries, science MUX F DVB-T2[16]
48. National Geographic Wild SD nature, history, documentaries MUX D DVB-T2
49. Animal Planet SD nature, documentaries MUX D DVB-T2
52. Disney Channel SD[15] children's programming MUX F DVB-T2[16]
53. MTV Aitio MUX D DVB-T2
54. MTV Viihde series, films MUX D DVB-T2
55. MTV Urheilu 1 sport MUX D DVB-T2
56. MTV Urheilu 2 sport MUX D DVB-T2
57. MTV Urheilu 3[17] sport MUX F DVB-T2[16]
58. Nick Jr. SD children's programming MUX D DVB-T2
59. MTV Liiga 1 sport MUX D DVB-T2
60. V Film Action[17] films MUX F DVB-T2[16]
61. V Film Premiere[17] films MUX D DVB-T2
62. V Sport 2 Suomi[15] sport MUX F DVB-T2[16]
63. V Sport 1 Suomi[15] sport MUX F DVB-T2[16]
65. V Sport Vinter[17] sport MUX F DVB-T2[16]
66. V Sport + Suomi[15] sport MUX F DVB-T2[16]
67. V Sport Golf[17] sport MUX F DVB-T2[16]
69. AdultTV.fi SD[15] adult entertainment MUX F DVB-T2[16]
80. SF-kanalen films HbbTV
82. MTV Max sports, outdoors, documentaries, programming for men HbbTV
83. MTV Aitio HbbTV
84. MTV Viihde series, films HbbTV
85. MTV Urheilu 1 sport HbbTV
86. MTV Urheilu 2 sport HbbTV
87. MTV Urheilu 3 sport HbbTV
88. MTV Juniori children's programming HbbTV
90. Eurosport 1 sport HbbTV
91. Eurosport 2 sport HbbTV
92. MTV Liiga 1 sport HbbTV
93. MTV Liiga 2 sport HbbTV
94. MTV Liiga 3 sport HbbTV
95. MTV Liiga 4 sport HbbTV
96. MTV Liiga 5 sport HbbTV
97. MTV Liiga 6 sport HbbTV
98. MTV Liiga 7 sport HbbTV
111. V Sport Live 1 sport HbbTV
112. V Sport Live 2 sport HbbTV
113. V Sport Live 3 sport HbbTV
114. V Sport Live 4 sport HbbTV
115. V Sport Live 5 sport HbbTV
116. V Sport Football sport HbbTV
117. V Sport sport HbbTV
118. V Sport Premium sport HbbTV
119. V Sport Vinter sport HbbTV
120. V Sport 1 Suomi sport HbbTV
121. V Sport + Suomi sport HbbTV
122. V Sport 2 Suomi sport HbbTV
123. V Sport Golf sport HbbTV
124. V Film Action films HbbTV
125. V Film Premiere films HbbTV
126. Viasat History documentaries, history HbbTV
127. Viasat Explore documentaries, science, entertainment for men HbbTV
128. Viasat Nature documentaries, nature HbbTV
129. V Film Family films HbbTV
130. V Film Hits films HbbTV
140. Fight Sports sport HbbTV
  • Links:
    • List of DTT channels from 19 November 2024[18]
    • PID list[19]
    • News about changes on DTT Pay-TV from 2 January 2025[20]

Viewing shares

Channels 1988
[21] 		1990
[21] 		1994
[22] 		1996
[23][24] 		1998
[24][25] 		2000
[24][26] 		2002
[24][27] 		2004
[24][28] 		2005
[24][28] 		2006
[29] 		2007
[30] 		2008
[31] 		2009
[32] 		2010
[33] 		2011
[34] 		2012
[35] 		2013
[36] 		2014
[37] 		2015
[38] 		2016
[39] 		2017
[40] 		2018
[41] 		2019
[42] 		2020
[43] 		2021
[44]
Yle TV1 34 33 25 26.7 25 22.6 23.6 24.6 24.5 23.8 23.8 24.1 21.9 22.2 23.3 24.8 26.0 25.8 27.9 28.1 28.9 27.7 28.4 29.7 27.0
Yle TV2 23 21 19 21.5 21 19.7 21.8 20.3 19.1 20.0 17.4 16.8 17.7 18.9 16.9 13.2 11.9 13.8 11.0 12.4 11.3 13.0 11.9 9.9 13.3
MTV3 46 44.6 42.2 40.4 37.0 34.7 32.6 29.0 25.7 22.9 22.8 21.6 21.8 20.0 19.0 17.3 17.8 16.3 16.6 16.2 16.3 17.4 17.7
Nelonen[nb 1] 2.7 7 11.5 11.6 12.4 11.5 11.9 10.2 10.0 9.9 9.3 9.2 9.0 8.8 8.2 8.0 9.6 9.6 9.0 8.2 8.1 7.9
Yle Fem[nb 2] 2 2 0.2 0.7 1.6 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.5 1.9 1.6 1.7 1.1 1.0
Yle Teema 0.6 1.3 2.2 2.6 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.0 2.0 3.2 3.5 3.1
MTV Sub[nb 3] 0.5 1.2 2.5 4.2 4.6 6.0 6.0 6.7 6.5 6.1 5.7 5.1 5.0 4.2 3.4 3.0 3.4 3.5 3.4 3.3
TV5[nb 4] 2.6 3.3 3.6 3.4 3.5 3.1 2.4 2.8 2.9 2.8 2.8
Liv 0.7 1.9 2.3 2.3 2.7 2.8 2.5 2.7 2.4 2.5 2.8 2.4 2.5 2.0 1.9
Jim[nb 5] 0.1 1.2 2.6 2.6 2.9 3.1 3.3 3.2 3.4 3.2 2.9 2.6 2.4 3.0 2.6 2.5
Kutonen[nb 4] 0.4 0.7 0.8 1.5 2.0 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.2 1.8 1.7 1.7 2.1 2.1 2.4 2.5
TLC 0.1 0.7 0.9 1.4 2.0 1.8
Star Channel[nb 6] 0.7 0.5 2.2 3.3 3.8 3.7 3.0 2.7 2.7 2.5 2.6 2.4
MTV Ava[nb 7] 0.1 0.1 1.5 1.9 1.9 2.3 2.1 1.8 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.0
Hero 0.1 0.8 1.0 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.0
Frii 0.9 1.4 1.5 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.8
National Geographic 0.3 0.3 2.1 2.6 2.5 2.6 2.6
C More Total Pay TV 0.2 1.3 2.4 2.5 2.2 2.0 3.5 3.7 3.6 2.9 2.4 1.9 1.6 1.6 1.1 1.5
Discovery Channel 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1
Music TV 1 1 1 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.2
Nelonen Pay TV 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.3
Nelonen Sport[nb 8] 0.7 1.2 1.3 1.3 0.6
Yle Extra[nb 9] 0.7 0.8

Notes

  1. ^ January 1990 - May 1997 PTV4
  2. ^ 1988 - August 2006 YLE FST. FST's output was included in the programming of YLE's two main television channels, YLE TV1 and YLE TV2. August 2001 - March 2012 YLE FST5
  3. ^ February 2000 - August 2001 TVTV!. August 2001 - January 2008 Subtv. January 2008 - December 2022 Sub.
  4. ^ a b The Voice and TV5 operated in same channel from September 2008 to April 2011. March 2004 - August 2012 The Voice
  5. ^ February 2002 - February 2007 Nelonen Plus
  6. ^ December 2009 - April 2012 SuomiTV. April 2012 - January 2023 FOX.
  7. ^ March 2008 - January 2011 MTV3 AVA. January 2011 - December 2022 AVA.
  8. ^ August 2001 - February 2010 Urheilukanava.
  9. ^ August 2001 - April 2007 YLE24.

See also

References

  1. ^ "50 Years of Television in Finland". News. 2005-05-25. Retrieved 2024-09-27.
  2. ^ Uusitorppa, Harri (28 April 2017). "Ensimmäiset värilliset tv-uutiset nähtiin Suomessa vapunpäivänä tasan 40 vuotta sitten – ja siitä syntyi kohu". Helsingin Sanomat (in Finnish). Retrieved 11 May 2022.
  3. ^ Hahtola, Minttu (28 February 2012). "Tietoisku: Väritelevisiolupa". Yle Elävä Arkisto (in Finnish). Yle. Retrieved 11 May 2022.
  4. ^ "Antenni-TV:n katsojille luvassa virityshetkiä – kanavat muuttuvat toukokuussa". 23 March 2017.
  5. ^ Keinonen, Heidi (2011). Kamppailu yleistelevisiosta. TES-TV:n, Mainos-TV:n ja Tesvision merkitykset suomalaisessa televisiokulttuurissa 1956–1964 (in Finnish). Tampere: Tampere University Press. ISBN 978-951-44-8369-1.
  6. ^ Uusitalo, Kari (1981). Suomen Hollywood on kuollut - Kotimaisen elokuvan ahdinkovuodet 1956-1963 (in Finnish). Helsinki: Suomen Elokuvasäätiö. p. 20. ISBN 951-9349-21-9.
  7. ^ Kortti, Jukka (2003). Modernisaatiomurroksen kaupalliset merkit: 60-luvun suomalainen televisiomainonta (in Finnish). Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura. p. 25. ISBN 9789517465236.
  8. ^ "Finland: online video service usage 2021". Statista. Retrieved 2023-06-08.
  9. ^ "Ylen TV1+ - palvelu päättyy elokuussa" [Yle's TV1+ - service ends in August] (in Finnish). Digita Oy. 2008-07-11. Retrieved 23 July 2011.
  10. ^ "Information about channel number change". Digita.
  11. ^ "SveaTV-kanalplatser". VLT. Retrieved 2007-12-22.
  12. ^ on 19 December 2024
  13. ^ a b c before 31 March 2025
  14. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l before 30 June 2025
  15. ^ a b c d e f g h will be move to MUX D DVB-T2 from 2 January 2025
  16. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l will be stop broadcasting from 2 January 2025
  17. ^ a b c d e will be move to HbbTV from 2 January 2025
  18. ^ [1]
  19. ^ [2]
  20. ^ [3]
  21. ^ a b "Television:Television: channel shares 1999 - 2009 (Excel)". Tilastokeskus. 15 December 2010. Archived from the original on October 6, 2011. Retrieved 25 August 2011. columns: B, C, D, E
  22. ^ "Television: Television: channel shares 1994 - 2004 (Excel)". Tilastokeskus. 12 October 2005. Retrieved 25 August 2011.
  23. ^ "Alma Media, Aamulehti Group, MTV Group - Annual Report 1997" (PDF). Alma Media, Aamulehti Group, MTV Group. 1998. p. 21. Retrieved 25 August 2011.
  24. ^ a b c d e f "Television: Television: channel shares 1995 - 2005 (Excel)". Tilastokeskus. 9 November 2006. Retrieved 25 August 2011.
  25. ^ "Alma Media - Annual Report 1998" (PDF). Alma Media. 1999. pp. 20–21. Retrieved 25 August 2011.
  26. ^ "Alma Media - Annual Report 2000" (PDF). Alma Media. 2001. p. 29. Retrieved 25 August 2011.
  27. ^ "YLE-kertomukset 2002" (in Finnish). Yleisradio. 2003. Retrieved 24 August 2011.
  28. ^ a b "Finnpanel - TV:n katseluosuudet minuuteista" (in Finnish). Archive.org: Finnpanel. 20 January 2006. Archived from the original on 28 May 2006. Retrieved 24 August 2011.
  29. ^
  30. ^
  31. ^
  32. ^
  33. ^
  34. ^
  35. ^ "Results From The TV Audience Measurement". Finnpanel. Retrieved 28 February 2013.
  36. ^ "Results From The TV Audience Measurement". Finnpanel. Retrieved 6 May 2014.
  37. ^
  38. ^
  39. ^ "Finnpanel - TV Audience Measurement". www.finnpanel.fi. Retrieved 3 July 2017.
  40. ^ "Finnpanel - TV Audience Measurement". www.finnpanel.fi. Retrieved 10 February 2018.
  41. ^ "Finnpanel - TV Audience Measurement". www.finnpanel.fi. Retrieved 10 February 2022.
  42. ^ "Finnpanel - TV Audience Measurement". www.finnpanel.fi. Retrieved 10 February 2022.
  43. ^ "Finnpanel - TV Audience Measurement". www.finnpanel.fi. Retrieved 10 February 2022.
  44. ^ "Finnpanel - TV Audience Measurement". www.finnpanel.fi. Retrieved 10 February 2022.

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Vincent M. Brennan

American politician (1890–1959) Vincent M. BrennanMember of the U.S. House of Representativesfrom Michigan's 13th districtIn officeMarch 4, 1921 – March 3, 1923Preceded byClarence J. McLeodSucceeded byClarence J. McLeod Personal detailsBorn(1890-04-22)April 22, 1890Mount Clemens, Michigan, U.S.DiedFebruary 4, 1959(1959-02-04) (aged 68)Detroit, Michigan, U.S.Political partyRepublicanEducationDetroit CollegeHarvard UniversityUniversity of Detroit Vincent Morrison B...

 

 

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Questa voce sull'argomento centri abitati del Kent è solo un abbozzo. Contribuisci a migliorarla secondo le convenzioni di Wikipedia. Chilhamparrocchia civileChilham – Veduta LocalizzazioneStato Regno Unito    Inghilterra RegioneSud Est Contea Kent DistrettoAshford TerritorioCoordinate51°14′35.16″N 0°57′34.56″E51°14′35.16″N, 0°57′34.56″E (Chilham) Superficie13,85 km² Abitanti1 124 (2011) Densità81,16 ab./km² Altre inform...

غيلبرتو أوين

هذه المقالة يتيمة إذ تصل إليها مقالات أخرى قليلة جدًا. فضلًا، ساعد بإضافة وصلة إليها في مقالات متعلقة بها. (يوليو 2019) غيلبرتو أوين   معلومات شخصية الميلاد 13 مايو 1904 [1]  الوفاة سنة 1952 [2]  فيلادلفيا  مواطنة المكسيك  الحياة العملية المهنة دبلوماسي،  وكاتب�...

 

 

Kannonkoski

You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Finnish. (June 2023) Click [show] for important translation instructions. Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia. Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-q...

 

 

Enaliarctidae

Questa voce o sezione sull'argomento mammiferi estinti non cita le fonti necessarie o quelle presenti sono insufficienti. Puoi migliorare questa voce aggiungendo citazioni da fonti attendibili secondo le linee guida sull'uso delle fonti. Questa voce sugli argomenti carnivori e mammiferi estinti è solo un abbozzo. Contribuisci a migliorarla secondo le convenzioni di Wikipedia. Come leggere il tassoboxEnaliarctidaeFossile di Enaliarctos mealsiStato di conservazioneFossile Classifica...

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Lega C 2014Lega C Competizione Campionato svizzero di football americano Sport Football americano Edizione 9ª Organizzatore SAFV Date dal 29 marzo 2014al 5 luglio 2014 Luogo  Svizzera Partecipanti 6 Formula girone + playoff Sito web Lega C 2014 Risultati Vincitore  Midland Bouncers Cronologia della competizione Lega C 2013 Lega C 2015 Manuale Sharks Bouncers Bears Centurions Broncos Knights Distribuzione geografica dei partecipanti La Lega C 2014 è stata la 9ª edizione d...

 

 

Hero of the Soviet Union

Highest award of the Soviet Union Gold Star Medal redirects here. For the Azerbaijani medal, see Gold Star Medal (Azerbaijan). AwardHero of the Soviet UnionGold star medal of the Hero of the Soviet UnionTypeHighest degree of distinctionAwarded forHeroic feats in service to the Soviet state and societyPresented by Soviet UnionEligibilitySoviet and foreign citizensStatusNo longer awardedEstablished16 April 1934First awarded20 April 1934Last awarded24 December 1991Total12,777PrecedenceNext&...