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TPS
Company type	Société anonyme
Industry	Mass media
Founded	1996
Defunct	2008
Fate	Acquired by Groupe Canal+
Successor	CanalSat
Headquarters	Paris, France
Products	Satellite television; ADSL television; Digital television; Television channels
Owner	Eutelsat; Arte; (France Télévisions (45 %); French state (25%); Radio France (15%); INA (15%); TF1 Group; M6 Group; France Télévisions (1996-2002); CLT-UFA; France Telecom; Suez Environnement (1996-2008); Canal+ (2008)

Télévision Par Satellite (French: [televizjɔ̃ paʁ satɛlit]; TPS) was a French company that offered subscription television packages via satellite.

It was created in 1996 by Eutelsat and Arte, soon joined by the TF1 Group, the M6 Group, France Télévisions, RTL Group, France Telecom and Suez Environnement. France Télévisions left the company in 2002.^{[citation needed]}

Channels

TPS offered various channels, including some not owned by TPS:^{[citation needed]}

TPS Star, the general entertainment flagship channel
TPS Foot, a football channel
Multivision, a 7-channel premium PPV service
And several movie channels: TPS Cineclub, TPS CinéComedy, TPS Cinéculte, TPS Cinextrême, TPS Cinéfamily, TPS Cinéstar, TPS Cinétoile and TPS Homecinéma.

On 31 August 2006 TPS merged with its competitor CanalSat, owned by the Canal+ Group.^[1]

The two distributors merged their packages on 21 March 2007. Essentially, TPS merged into CanalSat which was then branded as Nouveau CanalSat. All the TPS branded movie channels were merged into the Canal+-owned CinéCinéma package, TPS Star and TPS Foot being the only channels still using the TPS brand. Some new channels were launched on both platforms.^{[citation needed]}

In 2011, the merger with TPS was cancelled by the Competition Authority. Canal+ appealed, and the Authority determined that its authorisation would be conditional on a number of injunctions, including "re-establish[ing] sufficient competition in the pay television market".^[2]^{[needs update]}

External links

References

^ "L'histoire du Groupe CANAL+ de 1983 à nos jours". Canal+. 1 January 2012. Archived from the original on 5 February 2012.
^ Blocman, Amélie. "France : Merger of TPS and CanalSat: Competition Authority Pronounces Injunctions". IRIS Merlin. Archived from the original on 5 December 2014. The operation had only been authorised in 2006 on condition that 59 undertakings were respected, and the Competition Authority, noting that the Canal Plus Group had failed to observe ten of these - including some that were of crucial importance - decided in September 2011 to withdraw its decision authorising the operation (see IRIS 2011-9/17).