The Sons of the Revolution (SR), formally the General Society of the Sons of the Revolution (GSSR), is a patrioticorganization headquartered at Williamsburg, Virginia. A nonprofitcorporation, the Sons of the Revolution was founded by John Austin Stevens on February 22, 1876, at New York City. The organization is governed by a board of managers, an executive committee, officers, standing committees and their members, and staff. It includes 28 state societies and chapters worldwide.[1] The Sons of the Revolution's objectives are to maintain and extend "perpetuate the memory of the men, who in the military, naval and civil service of the Colonies and of the Continental Congress by their acts or counsel, achieved the Independence of the Country, and to further the proper celebration of the anniversaries of the birthday of Washington, and of prominent events connected with the War of the Revolution; to collect and secure for preservation the rolls, records, and other documents relating to that period; to inspire the members of the Society with the patriotic spirit of the forefathers; to promote the feeling of friendship among them."[2]
Membership
Membership is open to "Any male person above the age of eighteen years, of good character, and a descendant of one who, as a military, naval, or marine officer, soldier, sailor or marine, in actual service, under the authority of the original thirteen Colonies or States or of the Continental Congress, and remaining always loyal to such authority, or a descendant of one who signed the Declaration of Independence, or of one who, as a member of the Continental Congress or of the Congress of any of the Colonies or States, or as an official appointed by or under the authority of any such legislative bodies, actually assisted in the establishment of American Independence by services rendered during the War of Revolution, becoming thereby liable to conviction of treason, against the government of Great Britain, but remaining always loyal to the authority of the Colonies or States, or who served honorably in a military or naval expedition against the British during the War of the Revolution under the authority of the French or Spanish governments."[2]
Junior, senior and life memberships are also available. Members receive benefits[3][4] which include:
Invitation to general-society, state-society and chapter events, including the triennial meetings and the annual Let Freedom Ring celebrations;
Issues of the general-society quarterly, Drumbeat and
Availability of accoutrements, including membership certificate, rosette, formal and informal insignia, and other regalia.
Based on the President's message from 2015, there are approximately 5,000 members.[5]
History
Founding
Sons of the Revolution was founded on February 22, 1876, at New York City, primarily by leading members of The Society of the Cincinnati and the businessman John Austin Stevens. He disagreed with Society of the Cincinnati requirements limiting membership to the eldest male descendants based on the rules of primogeniture.[6] Stevens held a preliminary meeting on December 18, 1875, at the New-York Historical Society at New York.[7] At a second meeting held in January 1876, the first constitution was adopted and a flier which invited members was published.
After a few years of little activity, an elaborate "turtle feast" was held on December 4, 1883, in the Long Room of historic Fraunces Tavern. The banquet was to commemorate the centennial of General George Washington's farewell there to his officers.[8][9][10][11] The 1883 dinner helped recruit 40 new members, and the group was reorganized as the Sons of the Revolution in the State of New York Inc. In the early years after the reorganization, Society of the Cincinnati President-General Hamilton Fish gave much support and encouragement to the New York Society. In his obituary, he described Sons members as, "Younger brothers of the Cincinnati".
Formation of state societies
Besides residents of New York City, many gentlemen from nearby states with business or other ties in New York City had, from the beginning, been either members or prospective members of the Society. The possibility that some of them might eventually form societies in their own states had been recognized in the Society Constitution. The growth in the number of members by 1888 made this a more promising likelihood.[6] The first of the new State Societies, the Pennsylvania Society of Sons of the Revolution was organized on April 3, 1888. This was accomplished chiefly through the efforts of John W. Jordan, later librarian of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania and Josiah Granville Leach.[6]
The creation of a new State Society in Pennsylvania started a debate over the Society Constitution. Of primary concern was who would charter or create new State Societies. The Pennsylvania Society was created by members; independent of the New York Society. On March 11, 1889, The Sons of the Revolution in the District of Columbia was chartered by the New York Society. This debate was resolved by the creation of the General Society and a new Constitution on April 18, 1890. The General Society charters new societies but, "The State Societies shall regulate all matters respecting their own affairs".[2]
General society formation
The Sons of the Revolution plaque in Washington DC.
Recognizing that members from states other than New York might form state societies in their states, the group's officers amended its constitution in 1884 to provide that state societies may organize as "auxiliary branches". Consequently, the Pennsylvania society was formed in 1888, and the District of Columbia society was formed in 1889.
The General Society constitution was proposed on February 12, 1890, in Philadelphia and adopted on March 8, 1890, in New York. Members of the three state societies held a meeting on April 19, 1890, in Washington to inaugurate the General Society. In the next few years, several more state societies were formed and the General Society developed a more national character.
Purpose
The General Society and state societies offer patriotic, historical and educational activities for its members and the public. In addition to various dinners, exhibits and holiday events, the societies produce the following specific activities. Several state societies own and operate historic buildings.
Triennial general meetings
Since its founding, the General Society has held triennial meetings of the membership. The 41st meeting was held on October 4 through 7, 2012 in Savannah, Georgia, by the Georgia society. The 42nd meeting was held on October 1 through 4, 2015, in Williamsburg, Virginia, by the Virginia Society.
Citizen awards
The General Society has established various citizen awards, given to individuals and state societies for their work to continue the SR mission and honor the memory of the participants of the Revolution. The awards include the Modern Patriot Award, the Patrick Henry Award, the Jay Harris Award, the Richard Farmer Hess Leadership Award, the Trent Trophy, the Membership Achievement Award and the Presidential Commendation of Merit.
Fraunces Tavern at the southeast corner on Pearl Street at Broad Street at lower Manhattan in New York
Since 1904, the New York Society has owned and operated the Fraunces Tavern as a museum and restaurant. They restored the building, which had a prominent place in pre-Revolution and Revolution history. The society claims the tavern is Manhattan's oldest surviving building.[12]
The Fraunces Tavern Museum maintains several galleries of art and artifacts about the Revolution, including the McEntee "Sons of the Revolution" Gallery that displays much of the Society history.[13]
Green End Fort
The Rhode Island society has maintained Green End Fort, in the Village of Green's End on the border of Newport and Middletown, since 1969 when its owner, Newport Historical Society, "expressed hope that the Sons would 'maintain the Fort as a memorial and eventually acquire the property.'" The fort was believed to have been built in 1777 by British troops as part of the defenses of Newport, but more recent scholarship indicates it was probably built by the French army under Comte de Rochambeau in 1780.[14]
Grave-marker and wreath placements
Samuel Adams grave marker with Sons of the Revolution notation in the Granary Burying Ground at Boston
Several state societies have placed Society markers and wreaths at the graves of identified revolutionary patriots; for instance, the Massachusetts society placed markers at the graves of Samuel Adams and James Otis Jr., which are located in the Granary Burying Ground at Boston. The General Society joined the Georgia society in 2005 to place a wreath at the re-interment of U.S. Brig. Gen. Casimir Pulaski in Savannah, Ga.[15]
"Let Freedom Ring" celebrations
Since July 4, 1969, the Pennsylvania society has sponsored "Let Freedom Ring", the nationwide celebration of those who helped achieve the nation's independence during the Revolution.[16][17][18] According to U.S. SenateConcurrent Resolution 25 of 1963, bells across the nation are rung 13 times at exactly 2:00 p.m. EDT in honor of the 13 original states represented by the signers of the Declaration of Independence. At the appointed hour, four young descendants of the signers tap Philadelphia's famous Liberty Bell, setting off the chimes of freedom from bell towers throughout the nation. A series of related patriotic festivities take place in the Independence Hall area, including a colorful parade of Revolutionary War flags, fifes and drums, and a wreath-laying ceremony at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier of the Revolutionary War at Washington Square.[19]
Military awards
The General Society and several State Societies have established various educational and military awards, which are given to individuals and groups for their academic or service performance. The awards include the Annapolis Cup, which was created in 1905 and given annually by the general society and the Maryland society to a U.S. Naval Academymidshipman;[20] the Knox Trophy (New York), which was created in 1910 and given annually by the New York society to a U.S. Military Academy at West Pointcadet;[21] the Capt. Gustavus Conyngham Award which was created in 1999 and given annually by the New York society to a U.S. Merchant Marine Academy at Kings Point midshipman;[21] the Recognition Award, which was created in 2002 and given annually by the Massachusetts society to a U.S. Army ROTC cadet;[22] and the Knox Trophy (Massachusetts), which was created in 1924 and given annually until 1940 by the Massachusetts society to a U.S. Armyfield-artillery battery and a "redleg" artilleryman.[23]
Evacuation Day observances
The New York society has organized infrequent Evacuation Day observances of the anniversary of the British departure on November 25, 1783, from New York after the Revolution. After a controversialNew York Police Department denial on May 21, 2008,[24] of a New York society application for a parade permit, officials accepted the application on July 30, 2008,[25] for society members to march down Broadway from New York City Hall to Battery Park, "where reenactors in period costumes will lower a Union Jack and raise the Stars and Stripes in a symbolic reprise of what happened in 1783. British and French diplomats, along with others who had roles in the American colonies' struggle for independence," were invited to attend.[26][27][28][29]
List of notable members
President Harry S. Truman (1884–1972), was a member of the Sons of the RevolutionPresident Gerald R. Ford (1913–2006), was a member of the Sons of the RevolutionAcademy Award Winner James Stewart (1908–1997) was a member of the Sons of the RevolutionGen. Charles C. Krulak (born 1942) is a member of the Sons of the Revolution
Many notable celebrities and public leaders in the United States have been members of the Sons of the Revolution.
^ abc
Kilbourne, John Dwight (2002). Sons of the Revolution, A History, 1875-2001. New York: General Society Sons of the Revolution. ISBN0-9720005-0-X.
^"Sons of the Revolution". The World Almanac and Encyclopedia 1915. New York: The Press Publishing Co. (The New York World). 1914. Retrieved September 21, 2009.
^"Fraunces Tavern -- Long Room". MAAP Mapping the African American Past. New York: Columbia University. Retrieved September 10, 2009.
^"Why Washington Wept". The New York Sun. New York: TWO SL LLC. December 4, 2007. Retrieved December 29, 2009.
^"Sneek Peek at 2008". Fraunces Tavern Museum. New York: Sons of the Revolution in the State of New York Inc. Archived from the original on September 8, 2010. Retrieved December 29, 2009.
^The building served also as the offices of the General Society until 2002, In 2013, the society headquarters was relocated to Williamsburg, Virginia.
"Fraunces Tavern". YouTube.com. San Bruno, Calif.: YouTube LLC. November 2, 2009. Retrieved December 6, 2009.
^"Report of the General President"(PDF). Drumbeat. Williamsburg, VA: General Society Sons of the Revolution. Winter 2005–2006. Retrieved September 22, 2009.
^Breithaupt Jr., Richard Hoag (1994). Sons of the Revolution in the State of California. Centennial Register. Vol. 1893–1993. Walika Publishing Company. ISBN1-886085-00-5.
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