On 23 October 1715 during the Jacobite rising of 1715, John Campbell, 2nd Duke of Argyll, chief of Clan Campbell, learned that a party of rebel Jacobites were passing by Castle Campbell.[1] The Jacobite force consisted of approximately 80 horse and 300 Highlanders and Argyll had heard from one of his outposts that they were heading for Fife, where they were going to levy supplies to support the main Jacobite army at Perth.[2] Argyll dispatched a squadron of dragoons under Lieutenant-Colonel Charles Cathcart to intercept them.[2] On 24 October Cathcart had caught up with the Jacobites at Dunfermline.[2]
The Jacobites' security was poor:[2] Their commander, James Malcolm of Grange, was confident that he knew the area and its approaches well and so he only posted one sentry at the bridge into the Stirling end of the town.[2] He also allowed his forces to be divided up when they took quarters.[2] The Highlanders were under John Gordon of Glenbucket and they camped in a ruined abbey on the edge of the town.[2] The Jacobite horse took up residence without any order in the taverns and private houses throughout the town.[2] The Jacobites did not fix any rendezvous point where they were to meet in any alarm post and the officers settled down for a bottle of wine.[3]
Skirmish
The Jacobite position was scouted by Cathcart in the night and he attacked at 5 a.m. from the eastern side of Dunfermline with 120 mounted dragoons.[2] This was preceded by a noisy fire fight with the Highlanders in the abbey that had been commenced by 30 of Cathcart's dismounted men.[2] This brought the Jacobite cavalry scrambling out of their beds and into the street in confusion, trying to find their horses and get mounted.[2] Cathcart then charged them, killing four and mortally wounding two more.[2] He then rode through the town and rejoined his dismounted detachment and had taken seventeen prisoners.[2] Cathcart only suffered one man and one horse wounded.[2] Another account says that about twenty Jacobites were taken prisoner.[3]
Aftermath
The Skirmish of Dunfermline was the only occasion when the Duke of Argyll launched a major raid on the Jacobites before December 1715 when Dutch and Swiss reinforcements arrived.[2] This meant that the Jacobites were allowed free rein to recruit and otherwise do as they please in Fife until late December.[2] This boosted their confidence and resources available to them.[2]
Private and local clan battles (Many of these also had links at national level, including the feuds between Clan Donald and the Crown, Clan Douglas and the Crown and the Mary, Queen of Scots civil war)
