Singapore–Taiwan relations

Singapore–Taiwan relations
Map indicating locations of Singapore and Taiwan

Singapore
Taiwan
Diplomatic mission
Singapore Trade Office in TaipeiTaipei Representative Office in Singapore

Singapore–Taiwan relations (Chinese: 中華民國—新加坡關係; Malay: Hubungan Singapura–Republik China; Tamil: சிங்கப்பூர்–சீன குடியரசு உறவுகள்) are the international relations between Singapore and Taiwan. Taiwan has a representative office in Singapore. Singapore operates the Singapore Trade Office in Taipei in Taiwan, both of whom are members of the World Trade Organization (WTO). The Presidential Envoy of ROC and Prime Minister of Singapore regularly meet, in the form similar to private state-to-state gesture diplomacy [1] at APEC.[2]

Early history

As Singapore and Taiwan, both territories were under different spheres of influence.

As a colonial state under British Malaya rule, most early Chinese migrants came as labourers into Singapore escaping poverty and war. Many ethnic Chinese Singaporeans derived their ancestral roots in southern China from Fujian, Guangdong and Hainan provinces. During British rule in Singapore, Singapore and the Republic of China (1912–49) i.e. the larger China, had diplomatic relations.[3]

As an island, Taiwan on the contrary, was known before World War I as the Republic of Formosa, with Taiwan under Japanese rule occurring between 1895 and 1945. It is geographically separate from Mainland China where the Kuomintang (KMT) party first began. During World War II, the KMT party that came to found the Republic of China was also part of the formation of the Reorganized National Government of the Republic of China in Mainland China, within the Japanese Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere.

The Nationalist government's retreat to Taipei

With the surrender of Japan after the war and following the Chinese Civil War, China broke into 2 separate entities, specifically the People's Republic of China and Taiwan (or the Republic of China), where surviving KMT forces retreated after losing the war against the Chinese communists; Singapore returned to British rule.

1965 - 2010

When Singapore became independent in 1965 from Malaysia, it briefly continued in recognising the Republic of China as the legitimate government of China.[3] Culturally, the Republic of China and Nanyang Singapore have similarly large populations of ethnic Chinese who have ancestral origins from Fujian, Guangdong and Hainan provinces.

In the 1970s, the People's Republic of China and Singapore began unofficial relations.

Since the independence of Singapore and the establishment of Kuomintang rule over the island of Taiwan, the Singapore Armed Forces (SAF) adopted military training bases in Taiwan from 1975 that included combined arms exercises involving infantry, artillery, and armoured units. The then Prime Minister of Singapore Lee Kuan Yew also appointed military personnel in training Republic of Singapore Air Force.[4][5]

On 3 October 1990, Singapore revised diplomatic relations from the Republic of China to the People's Republic of China. The relationship between Singapore and the PRC has since improved significantly.[6]

In 2004, shortly before the current Prime Minister of Singapore Lee Hsien Loong took office from the then incumbent Goh Chok Tong, he made a visit to Taiwan to familiarise himself with the latest developments there.[7] In his maiden National Day Rally speech, Lee criticised the Taiwanese leadership and populace of overestimating the support they would receive if they were to declare Taiwan independence;[8] Conversely in September, Singapore Foreign Minister George Yeo cautioned the United Nations General Assembly about the dangers of letting the cross-strait relationship deteriorate[citation needed].

In 2009, the Singapore Trade Office in Taipei was honoured for its role in developing close economic ties between the two sides. Taiwan is Singapore's ninth largest trading partner, with bilateral trade topping S$35 billion in 2008.[9]

2010 onwards

Representative office of Singapore in Taiwan

In bilateral trade, from 2010[10] till 2012,[11] former Taiwanese vice-president Lien Chan announced talks between Taiwan and Singapore on a proposed economic partnership agreement. Finalised 7 November 2013, Taiwan and Singapore signed an economic partnership agreement called the Agreement between Singapore and the Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu on Economic Partnership (ASTEP) in Singapore in significantly reducing tariffs imposed by Taiwan on goods imported from Singapore. This is Taiwan's first economic partnership agreement signed with a member of ASEAN.[12]

The Taipei Ministry of Foreign Affairs reassigned Vice Foreign Minister Vanessa Shih[13] back after she reportedly angered Lee Kuan Yew and other high-ranking officials with a series of actions including singing the Republic of China (ROC) national anthem and raising the national flag at a public reception celebrating the ROC centennial, as well as making contact with Chen Show Mao, a member of the opposition Workers’ Party.[14]

Singapore airliner in Taiwan

On 24 March 2015 Taiwan President Ma Ying-jeou made a low-profile day-trip visit to Singapore to pay tribute to late former Prime Minister of Singapore Lee Kuan Yew. Ma's visit came after an invitation from Singapore Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong for the private family wake at the official residence of the Prime Minister in Ma's capacity as Lee Kuan Yew's "old friend".[15][16]

Taiwanese leader Ma Ying-jeou and Chinese leader Xi Jinping met on 7 November 2015 in Singapore.[17][18]

On 4 November 2021, Defense Minister Ng Eng Hen described Taiwan's political status as an issue that for the People's Republic of China, "goes to the heart of the political legitimacy of the leader, of the party of the party and it's a deep red line. I can think of no scenario which there are winners if there is an actual physical confrontation over Taiwan ... So, I would advise us to stay very far away from that."[19]

Military relations

Humanitarian aid sent by a C-130 Hercules of the Republic of Singapore Air Force (RSAF) to Hualien Airport, Taiwan during the 2018 Hualien earthquake.

In 1975, Premier Chiang Ching-kuo and Lee Kuan Yew signed an agreement codenamed “Project Starlight” (星光計畫, also known as Hsing Kuang), wherein Singapore Armed Forces (SAF) troops would be sent to Taiwan for training and joint exercises.[20] These exercises, engaging as many as 10,000 troops at any one time, provided officers a chance to simulate wartime conditions more closely and gain experience in the command and control of operations involving several battalions.[21] Three military bases in Taiwan were used by the SAF.[22]

See also

References

  1. ^ Chassany, Anne-Sylvaine (17 January 2018). "From Bayeux to Versailles: Macron's gesture diplomacy". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 30 January 2018. Retrieved 29 January 2018.
  2. ^ Bessr, Robert (20 November 2016). "Taiwan's Apec envoy meets Singapore PM". Asia News Network.
  3. ^ a b "Singapore - China". countrystudies.us. Archived from the original on 11 January 2016. Retrieved 4 April 2015.
  4. ^ Khai Leong Ho; Guozhong He (2006). Ensuring Interests: Dynamics of China-Taiwan Relations and Southeast Asia. Institute of China Studies, University of Malaya. p. 182. ISBN 978-983-3748-48-8.
  5. ^ "Joint military training with Singapore to continue". Taipei Times. 3 October 2017. Archived from the original on 26 January 2018. Retrieved 25 January 2018. In 1974, then-president Chiang Kai-shek (蔣介石) agreed to then-Singaporean prime minister Lee Kuan Yew's (李光耀) request for the Singaporean military to be trained by Taiwanese armed forces given the city-state's limited land and air space. Then-premier Chiang Ching-kuo (蔣經國) in 1975 signed the agreement with Lee Kuan Yew and initiated the partnership, codenamed "Project Starlight" (星光計畫), in which Singapore sends troops to Taiwan for military training.
  6. ^ Kastner, Jens. "Taiwan-Singapore soup turns bitter-sweet". Archived from the original on 22 March 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2015.
  7. ^ "China warns Singapore officials against future visits to Taiwan". Singapore-window.org. 26 August 2004. Archived from the original on 16 July 2012. Retrieved 20 November 2012.
  8. ^ "Prime Minister's Office - National Day Rally Videos & Speeches". Nettv.1-net.com.sg. Archived from the original on 20 September 2012. Retrieved 20 November 2012.
  9. ^ "Taiwan honours Singapore Trade Office in Taipei". Channel NewsAsia. 2 November 2009. Archived from the original on 19 April 2010. Retrieved 20 November 2012.
  10. ^ "Taiwan seeks trade agreement with Singapore". News.asiaone.com. 6 August 2010. Archived from the original on 23 March 2014. Retrieved 20 November 2012.
  11. ^ "Cna English News". Focustaiwan.tw. Retrieved 20 November 2012.
  12. ^ "Taiwan, Singapore ink economic pact". Archived from the original on 26 August 2014. Retrieved 8 November 2013.
  13. ^ "Vice foreign minister not close to ex-Singapore PM's son: ministry". The Central News Agency. Archived from the original on 8 April 2015. Retrieved 4 April 2015.
  14. ^ "Singapore representative denies media speculation". The Taipei Times. Archived from the original on 9 April 2015. Retrieved 4 April 2015.
  15. ^ Shih, Hsiu-chuan. "Ma makes unexpected visit to Singapore". Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 4 April 2015.
  16. ^ "Friends from afar". The Economist. 25 March 2015.
  17. ^ "Taiwan, China leaders to hold historic meeting in Singapore". Archived from the original on 5 November 2015. Retrieved 4 November 2015.
  18. ^ "Taiwan's Ma to meet China's Xi in Singapore". Archived from the original on 4 November 2015. Retrieved 4 November 2015.
  19. ^ Ma, Xinru; Kang, David C. (2024). Beyond Power Transitions: The Lessons of East Asian History and the Future of U.S.-China Relations. Columbia Studies in International Order and Politics. New York: Columbia University Press. p. 183. ISBN 978-0-231-55597-5.
  20. ^ Lin, Sean (23 September 2017). "Presidential Office mum on 'Starlight'". Taipei Times. Archived from the original on 26 September 2017. Retrieved 26 September 2017.
  21. ^ "Singapore's Tightrope Walk On Taiwan | Center for Strategic and International Studies". Csis.org. Archived from the original on 8 May 2011. Retrieved 20 November 2012.
  22. ^ "Singapore's military ties with Taiwan spurred Beijing response". South China Morning Post. 29 November 2016. Retrieved 7 August 2023.