Sikorsky S-70

This article is about the civilian models and operators of the S-70 family, and is an overview of the whole family. For the military models and operators, see Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk. For the naval versions and operators, see Sikorsky SH-60 Seahawk.
S-70/H-60 series
CAL Fire S-70A Firehawk in flight
General information
TypeMedium-lift transport/utility helicopter
ManufacturerSikorsky Aircraft, Turkish Aerospace Industries (under Licence)[1]
StatusIn service
Primary usersU.S. Customs and Border Protection
U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration
See Operators section for others
History
Manufactured1970s–present
Introduction date1979
First flightOctober 1974
VariantsSikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk
Sikorsky SH-60 Seahawk
Sikorsky HH-60 Pave Hawk
Sikorsky HH-60 Jayhawk
Mitsubishi H-60

The Sikorsky S-70 is an American medium transport/utility helicopter family manufactured by Sikorsky Aircraft. It was developed for the United States Army in the 1970s, winning a competition to be designated the UH-60 Black Hawk and spawning a large family in U.S. military service. New and improved versions of the UH-60 have been developed since. Civilian versions, and some military versions, are produced under various S-70 model designations.

Development

The S-70 family was developed to meet a United States Army requirement to replace the UH-1 Iroquois family of utility medium-lift helicopters in 1972. Three YUH-60A prototypes were constructed, with the first flying in October 1974. They were evaluated against the Boeing-Vertol YUH-61A. The YUH-60A was selected for production, and entered service as the UH-60A Black Hawk with the U.S. Army in 1979.[2]

After entering service, the helicopter was modified for new missions and roles, including mine laying and medical evacuation.[citation needed] An EH-60 variant was developed to conduct electronic warfare and special operations aviation developed the MH-60 variant to support its missions.[3] In the late 1980s the model was upgraded to the UH-60L, which featured more power and lift with the upgrade to the -701C model of the GE T700 engine. The improved UH-60M model was developed in the early 2000s.[2] The UH-60M and its International version, the S-70i, include GPS navigation, a glass cockpit, an integrated Flight Management System, and a significant upgrade to the powertrain and rotor system adding both power and lift capability.[citation needed]

The S-70 can perform a variety of missions, including air cavalry, electronic warfare, and aeromedical evacuation. Versions are used to transport the President of the United States under call sign "Marine One". In air assault operations it can move a squad of 11 combat troops and equipment or carry the 105 mm M102 howitzer, thirty rounds of ammunition, and a six-man crew. Alternatively, it can carry 2,600 lb (1,200 kg) of cargo or sling load 9,000 lb (4,100 kg) of cargo. The S-70 is equipped with advanced avionics and electronics, such as the Global Positioning System.

The United States Navy received the first navalized SH-60B Seahawk in 1983, and the SH-60F Ocean Hawk in 1988.

HH-60G Pave Hawk conducting rescue ops in 2005

The HH-60G Pave Hawk is a highly modified version of the S-70 primarily designed to recover downed aircrew or other isolated personnel during war and equipped with a rescue hoist with a 250 ft (76 m) cable that has a 600 lb (270 kg) lift capability, and a retractable in-flight refueling probe. The United States Air Force received the MH-60G Pave Hawk in 1982.

The United States Coast Guard received the HH-60J Jayhawk in 1992. It utilizes the equipment of the HH-60G Pave Hawk on the navalized SH-60 platform.[4]

The S-70A Firehawk is a version of the S-70 designed for firefighting, rescue, medical evacuation, and external lift of bulky cargo and equipment. The Oregon National Guard was the first military organization in the world to add the Firehawk to its inventory; the Los Angeles County Fire Department was the first municipal organization.[citation needed] Another Firehawk aerial firefighting operator is the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (CAL FIRE) with the S-70i variant.[5]

The Army flies medical evacuation models configured as rotary winged medical suites. It also uses the S-70 for special operations by the 160th Special Operations Aviation Regiment ("Night Stalkers") at Fort Campbell, Kentucky, designated as the MH-60K.[citation needed]

The Maple Hawk was a variant offered by Sikorsky to the Canadian Forces during a 1996 tender to replace the military's search and rescue helicopters.[6]

Operational history

Colombia

On 5 August 2010, to support its counter-narcotics and armed forces modernisation efforts, the US DSCA approved the Colombian government's request of additional 9 UH-60L (4 units allocated to the national police force).[7]

In 2017 March, the National Police of Colombia ordered 10 additional 2nd-hand UH-60A helicopters that will increase their total to 19 helicopters in operation.[8]

Poland

UH-60 for Polish Police, 2018

In 2018, Poland sign agreement to buy S-70i for Police aviation, to replace Mi-2 reaching the end of their safe flying life.[9]

Romania

In 2021, Romania purchased S-70M Black Hawk helicopters through the VISION 2020 European Union program.[10] Under the EU-funded program, up to 12 Black Hawks build by PZL Mielec are to be acquired. The first seven S-70M helicopters were delivered in 2023, of which six configured for SMURD and one for the Romanian Police.[11] The helicopters are operated by the General Inspectorate of Aviation.[12]

The Philippines

A Philippine S-70-A5 VIP of the Presidential Airlift Wing

2 S-70-A5 VIP helicopters purchased 1983 and was delivered in 1984, this Blackhawk served the 250th PAW for more than 3 decades as a Presidential VVIP transport helicopter. Only 1 remains in service with the 505th Search and Rescue Group.[13][14]

First batch

S-70i Black Hawk of the Philippine Air Force, December 2021

As part of the Armed Forces of the Philippines modernization efforts, the Department of National Defense signed a contract with PZL-Mielec for 16 S-70i variant of Black Hawk helicopters worth US$241.4 million in March 2019.[15] This to further replace the Philippine Air Force's aging fleet of UH-1 Huey helicopters. The first six units were delivered in November 2020 while the second five units were delivered in June 2021.[16] The final five units of the first batch were delivered in December 2021.[17]

During a nighttime training mission, one unit of the new S-70i Black Hawk crashed killing all six crew on board.[16] In response, the Philippine Air Force grounded the entire fleet until the investigation has been completed.[18] The Armed Forces of the Philippines later on said that "Based on the investigating team’s report, no single factor can be determined as the only cause of these mishaps."[19]

Second batch

On 22 February 2022, the Department of National Defense signed another contract with PZL-Mielec for an additional 32 S-70i Black Hawks worth US$624 million which included an integrated logistics support and training package for pilots and maintenance crew.[20][21][22]

With the latest contract with PZL-Mielec, the Philippines is set to become the largest operator of the S-70i variant of the Black Hawk once full delivery of the ordered units are completed.[23][24]

Variants

Main article: List of Sikorsky S-70 variants
U.S. Navy SH-60B Seahawk

H-60

S-70

Royal Brunei Air Force S-70i in Kuala Belait, 2022

The company name for the H-60/S-70 family is the S-70 Black Hawk.

  • S-70A Black Hawk (UH-60 Black Hawk): Military model for the export market.
  • S-70A Firehawk: Firefighting variant of the UH-60L. Tank system designed and built by Aero Union in Chico, California.
  • S-70A (N) Naval Hawk: Maritime variant that blends the S-70A Black Hawk and S-70B Seahawk designs.
  • S-70B/C Seahawk: Maritime military model for the export market.
  • S-70A-9: Australian derivative Black Hawk
  • S-70C Firehawk: Civilian water-bomber variant
  • S-70i Black Hawk: International military version assembled by Sikorsky subsidiary, PZL Mielec in Poland.[27][28]
  • Turkish Aerospace Industries T-70: A Turkish variant of the S-70i, built under license by Turkish Aerospace Industries with indigenous Turkish mission-computer and avionics (by ASELSAN); flight controls, landing gear and transmission (by Alp Aviation); and T700-TEI-701D engines under license from General Electric (by Tusaş Engine Industries).[29][30] Turkey was to initially produce about 109 T70s under license. U.S. Ambassador to Turkey Frank Ricciardone stated that Turkey intends to produce some 600 T70s.[31]
  • S-70M Black Hawk: FAA type certified (Restricted Category Special Airworthiness Certificate) version based on S70i Black Hawk manufactured by Sikorsky subsidiary, PZL Mielec in Poland. S-70M Black Hawk helicopter is available to the US commercial/civil market for the missions such as agricultural operations, external cargo carriage and forest and wildlife conservation, which includes aerial firefighting missions.[32]

Derivatives

  • Sikorsky S-71 - a proposed attack helicopter using dynamic components from the S-70.[33][34][35]
  • Sikorsky S-92 - Civilian medium-lift derivative of the S-70/H-60 with dynamic components based on S-70/H-60 components.[36] The S-92 took its maiden flight on December 23, 1998, at the Sikorsky Development Flight Center, West Palm Beach, Florida.[37]
  • H-92 Superhawk - military version of the S-92. The Sikorsky CH-148 Cyclone is the H-92 version for the Canadian Armed Forces.
  • Sikorsky VH-92 Patriot - VIP transport version of the S-92.

Operators

Civilian operators

For the army models operators, see Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk. For naval model operators, see Sikorsky SH-60 Seahawk.
 Argentina
 Colombia
 Hong Kong
 Indonesia
 Mexico
 Poland
A Romanian S-70M during a medical evacuation exercise
 Romania
 Saudi Arabia
 Turkey
S-70C Firehawk at Fox Field, California
 United States
 Ukraine

Specifications (S-70i)

Data from S-70i Brochure[61]

General characteristics

  • Crew: 4 (pilot, co-pilot, & gunners or crew chiefs)
  • Capacity: 11 foldable seats for troops (+12th seat quick install option) / 6 stretchers / 9,000 lb (4,082 kg) external slung load
  • Length: 64 ft 10 in (19.76 m) from forward tip main rotor to rear tip tail rotor
  • Width: 14 ft 4 in (4.37 m) between tips of tail wings
7 ft (2.13 m) cabin width
  • Height: 17 ft 6 in (5.33 m)
  • Empty weight: 11,790 lb (5,348 kg)
  • Gross weight: 18,000 lb (8,165 kg)
  • Max takeoff weight: 22,000 lb (9,979 kg) or 23,500 lb (10,659 kg) with external load
  • Fuel capacity: 360 US gal (300 imp gal; 1,363 L)[a]
  • Powerplant: 2 × General Electric T700-GE-701D turboshaft engines, 1,940 shp (1,450 kW) each
  • Main rotor diameter: 53 ft 8 in (16.36 m)
  • Main rotor area: 2,262.33 sq ft (210.177 m2)
  • Blade section: - root: SC1095/SC1095R8; tip: Sikorsky SC1095[62]
  • Specific fuel consumption: 0.462 lb/hp/h (0.0781 kg/kW/ks)[63]

Performance

  • Maximum speed: 195 kn (224 mph, 361 km/h)
  • Cruise speed: 160 kn (180 mph, 300 km/h) at maximum cruise (standard day, sea level)
149 kn (171 mph; 276 km/h) economical cruise
  • Range: 250 nmi (290 mi, 460 km) with 20 minutes reserve
  • Service ceiling: 20,000 ft (6,100 m) at 18,000 lb (8,165 kg) GW all engines operating (AEO)
  • Rate of climb: 2,250 ft/min (11.4 m/s)

See also

Related development

Related lists

References

Notes

  1. ^ maximum fuel is 360 US gal (300 imp gal; 1,363 L) internal and two 185 US gal (154 imp gal; 700 L) cabin auxiliary tanks and up to four 450 US gal (375 imp gal; 1,703 L) or 230 US gal (192 imp gal; 871 L) drop tanks
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Bibliography

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