Siege of Constantinople (1411)

For other sieges of the city, see list of sieges of Constantinople.
Siege of Constantinople
Part of the Ottoman Interregnum and Byzantine-Ottoman wars

Constantinople in 1422; the oldest surviving map of the city.
Date1411
Location
Constantinople
(modern-day Istanbul, Turkey)
41°0′44.064″N 28°58′33.665″E / 41.01224000°N 28.97601806°E / 41.01224000; 28.97601806
Result
  • Byzantine victory
  • Siege lifted
Belligerents
 Byzantine Empire Ottoman Empire
Commanders and leaders
Manuel II Palaiologos Musa Çelebi
Siege of Constantinople (1411) is located in Istanbul
Siege of Constantinople (1411)
class=notpageimage|
Location within Istanbul
Siege of Constantinople (1411) is located in Mediterranean
Siege of Constantinople (1411)
Siege of Constantinople (1411) (Mediterranean)
Siege of Constantinople (1411) is located in Black Sea
Siege of Constantinople (1411)
Siege of Constantinople (1411) (Black Sea)

The siege of Constantinople of 1411 occurred during the Ottoman Interregnum, or Ottoman Civil War,[1] (20 July 1402 – 5 July 1413), when chaos reigned in the Ottoman Empire following the defeat of Sultan Bayezid I by the Central Asian warlord Timur. Although Mehmed Çelebi was confirmed as sultan by Timur after the Battle of Ankara, his brothers İsa Çelebi, Musa Çelebi, Süleyman Çelebi, and later, Mustafa Çelebi, refused to recognize his authority, each claiming the throne for himself.[2] A civil war was the result. The Interregnum lasted until the Battle of Camurlu on 5 July 1413, when Mehmed Çelebi emerged as victor in the strife, crowned himself sultan Mehmed I, and restored peace to the empire.

Background

Before the Battle of Ankara, the Byzantine Empire was a mere pawn of outside forces for several decades but after the defeat of the Ottomans by Timur, the Empire – for a short while – became a player in Ottoman domestic politics and intrigue. Sultan Bayezid conquered much territories in Europe and threatened Constantinople from all directions.

The Byzantine Emperor Manuel II Palaiologos supported Süleyman as claimant to the Ottoman throne. They signed the treaty of Gallipoli with the Byzantine regent John VII Palaiologos in 1403, as the emperor Manuel II Palaiologos was traveling in western Europe at the time. By this treaty, Süleyman gave up certain territories along the Marmara coast, as well as the major city of Thessaloniki to the Byzantine Empire in return for Byzantine support during the interregnum and declared himself sultan of the empire in Edirne, the capital in Rumeli of the Ottoman Empire. From the evidence presented above, it can be understood that the relationship between the Byzantine Empire and the Ottomans increased dramatically contemporarily.

Despite defeating his brother and rival for the Ottoman throne, Musa, at the Battle of Kosmidion in June 1410, Süleyman's popularity waned. So much so, that when Musa returned to avenge his defeat during the following year, Süleyman's supporters defected to Musa.[3] Süleyman was captured while attempting to escape and was given to Musa's bodyguard, Koyun Musasi, and strangled to death on 17 February 1411.[4]

The siege

Musa found himself as the co-sultan of the European portion of the empire.[5] Musa then retaliated against all who allied with Süleyman, including Manuel II, by briefly and fruitlessly laying siege to Constantinople in 1411.[6][7] Manuel II turned to Mehmet for support, who betrayed Musa and set up a new alliance between himself and the Byzantines against Musa.


References

  1. ^ Dimitris J. Kastritsis, The Sons of Bayezid, (Brill, 2007), xi.
  2. ^ Fine, John Van Antwerp, The Late Medieval Balkans, (University of Michigan Press, 1994), 499.
  3. ^ Wittek, Paul. Rise of the Ottoman Empire. p. 150.
  4. ^ Kastritsis 2007, p. 155-156.
  5. ^ Prof. Yaşar Yüce-Prof. Ali Sevim: Türkiye tarihi Cilt II, AKDTYKTTK Yayınları, İstanbul, 1991 p 74-75
  6. ^ Imber 2002, p. 14.
  7. ^ Ostrogorsky 1969, p. 557.

Sources

Read other articles:

Kapel kastel

Kapel Istana Kekaisaran, Gelnhausen. Kapel kastil (Jerman: Burgkapellencode: de is deprecated ) dalam arsitektur Eropa adalah kapel yang dibangun di dalam sebuah kastel. Kapel ini memenuhi kebutuhan spiritual pemilik kastil dan pekerja-pekerjanya, dan kadang juga dipakai sebagai tempat penguburan. Namun, pembangunan gereja memakan biaya yang amat besar, sehingga tidak semua rumah bangsawan memiliki kapel. Seringkali ruangan dengan altar dianggap cukup. Kastil kapel biasanya dibangun untuk san...

 

Petsamo (regione storica)

Coordinate: 69°33′19″N 31°13′16″E / 69.555278°N 31.221111°E69.555278; 31.221111 Mappa della regione di Petsamo: la parte verde in alto è la penisola di Rybačij, ceduta all'Unione Sovietica dopo la guerra d'inverno; la parte chiara è la regione di Petsamo, acquisita dall'Unione Sovietica con i trattati di Parigi; la zona rossa è il territorio di Jäniskoski–Niskakoski, ceduto all'Unione Sovietica nel 1947 La regione di Petsamo, o Pečengskij rajon, (in ru...

 

Festival Film Indonesia 1977

Festival Film Indonesia 1977 adalah Festival Film Indonesia yang ke-VIII. Pemenang penghargaan Film tidak ada pemenang Sutradara Sjuman Djaya - Si Doel Anak Modern Pemeran utama pria terbaik Benyamin Sueb - Si Doel Anak Modern Pemeran utama wanita terbaik Christine Hakim - Sesuatu yang Indah Pemeran pendukung pria terbaik Rachmat Hidayat - Apa Salahku Pemeran pendukung wanita terbaik Widyawati - One Way Ticket (Semoga Kau Kembali) Skenario terbaik Sjuman Djaya - Si Doel Anak Modern Tata sinem...

Dynastie des Pallava

Cet article est une ébauche concernant l’histoire et le monde indien. Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (comment ?) selon les recommandations des projets correspondants. Royaume Pallava IIIe siècle – 888 Le royaume Pallava vers 650Informations générales Capitale Kânchîpuram Histoire et événements IIIe siècle Fondation 888 Défaite contre les Chola Râjas (1er) v. 225-250 Bappadeva (Der) 870-888 Aparajîta Entités suivantes :...

 

عادل عيد

عادل عيد معلومات شخصية الميلاد 22 مارس 1984 (العمر 40 سنة)فنلندا  الطول 1.80 م (5 قدم 11 بوصة) مركز اللعب مدافع الجنسية فنلندا  معلومات النادي النادي الحالي PK-35 Vantaa (men) [الإنجليزية]‏ مسيرة الشباب سنوات فريق نادي هلسنكي لكرة القدم 1996–1998 هلسنكي المسيرة الاحترافية1 س�...

 

Willy van Hemert

Willy van Hemert with daughter Ellen and son Ruud in 1960 Willeke Alberti and Willy van Hemert (right) in 1971 Willy van Hemert (29 March 1912 – 26 June 1993) was a Dutch actor and theatre and television director, but is best known as a songwriter who penned two winning Dutch songs for the Eurovision Song Contest. Biography Van Hemert was born in Utrecht in 1912 as Willem Catharinus van Hemert. He attended the Bonifacius School in Utrecht. He studied drama and (briefly) law. In 1955 Van He...

Wall Street

« Wall Street » redirige ici. Pour la bourse de New York, voir New York Stock Exchange. Pour les articles homonymes, voir Wall Street (homonymie). Wall Street Panneau indiquant Wall Street. Géographie Arrondissement(s) Manhattan Quartier(s) Financial District Début de la voie Broadway Fin de la voie East River Coordonnées 40° 42′ 22″ nord, 74° 00′ 33″ ouest Géolocalisation sur la carte : New York Wall Street modifier  Broad St...

 

New Fairview, Texas

City in Texas, United StatesNew Fairview, TexasCityNickname: Keeping It CountryLocation of New Fairview, TexasCoordinates: 33°6′36″N 97°27′27″W / 33.11000°N 97.45750°W / 33.11000; -97.45750CountryUnited StatesStateTexasCountyWiseArea[1] • Total16.40 sq mi (42.47 km2) • Land16.39 sq mi (42.46 km2) • Water0.01 sq mi (0.02 km2)Elevation735 ft (224 m)Populat...

 

コルク

この記事は検証可能な参考文献や出典が全く示されていないか、不十分です。出典を追加して記事の信頼性向上にご協力ください。（このテンプレートの使い方）出典検索?: コルク – ニュース · 書籍 · スカラー · CiNii · J-STAGE · NDL · dlib.jp · ジャパンサーチ · TWL（2017年4月） コルクを打ち抜いて作った瓶の栓 コルク（木栓、�...

Kikka, Estonia

Village in Estonia Village in Põlva County, EstoniaKikkaVillageCountry EstoniaCountyPõlva CountyParishRäpina ParishTime zoneUTC+2 (EET) • Summer (DST)UTC+3 (EEST) Kikka is a village in Räpina Parish, Põlva County in southeastern Estonia.[1] Ilumetsa railway station in Kikka. References ^ Classification of Estonian administrative units and settlements 2014[dead link] (retrieved 28 July 2021) Preceding station Elron Following station Verioratowards Tallinn ...

 

Французский Иностранный легион

У этого термина существуют и другие значения, см. Иностранный легион. Французский Иностранный легион(Иностранный легион)фр. Légion étrangère Эмблема Легиона Годы существования 9 марта 1831 года — н. в. Страна  Франция Подчинение Министерство обороны Франции, Президент Ф�...

 

Delta Phi Epsilon (professional)

American foreign service fraternity This article is about the professional fraternity. For the social sorority, see Delta Phi Epsilon (social). Delta Phi EpsilonΔΦΕFoundedJanuary 25, 1920; 104 years ago (January 25, 1920), Washington, D.C.Georgetown UniversityTypeProfessionalAffiliationIndependentEmphasisForeign serviceScopeNationalMottoλατρεύω LatreuoGreek: (I Serve)Colors  Black and   GoldFlowerMorning gloryHeadquarters3401 Prospect Street, NWPO Box 25401Was...

Histoire de la mécanique

L'histoire de la mécanique débute réellement avec Galilée. Mais cette science prend ses racines dans des savoirs bien plus anciens, notamment avec les réflexions d'Archimède ou d'Aristote. Jusqu'au XIXe siècle, la notion de mécanique englobait aussi bien l'étude scientifique des corps en mouvement que la théorie des machines. Étymologie du mot mécanique Si le mot apparaît à la Renaissance dans son sens moderne[1], cette science plonge cependant ses racines en des temps beau...

 

Unihemispheric slow-wave sleep

A young house sparrow (Passer domesticus) exhibits unihemispheric slow-wave sleep. Unihemispheric slow-wave sleep (USWS) is sleep where one half of the brain rests while the other half remains alert. This is in contrast to normal sleep where both eyes are shut and both halves of the brain show unconsciousness. In USWS, also known as asymmetric slow-wave sleep, one half of the brain is in deep sleep, a form of non-rapid eye movement sleep and the eye corresponding to this half is closed while ...

 

NGC 2371-2

Dual-lobed planetary nebula in the constellation Gemini NGC 2371Emission nebulaPlanetary nebulaNGC 2371-2Observation data: J2000 epochRight ascension07h 25m 34.7s[1]Declination+29° 29′ 25.6″[1]Distance4400 ly lyApparent magnitude (V)13Apparent dimensions (V)44ConstellationGeminiDesignationsNGC 2371,[1] NGC 2372[1]See also: Lists of nebulae NGC 2371-2 is a dual lobed planetary nebula located in the constellation Gemini. Visually, ...

Hamiltonsbawn

Village in County Armagh, Northern Ireland Human settlement in Northern IrelandHamiltonsbawnIrish: Bábhún HamaltúnHamiltonsbawnLocation within Northern IrelandPopulation895 (2001 Census)Irish grid referenceH946445• Belfast37 milesDistrictArmagh City & DistrictCountyCounty ArmaghCountryNorthern IrelandSovereign stateUnited KingdomPost townARMAGHPostcode districtBT60Dialling code028, +44 28UK ParliamentNewry & ArmaghNI AssemblyNewry &...

 

Billy Roe

American racing driver This biography of a living person needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially libelous.Find sources: Billy Roe – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (December 2022) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Billy R...

 

Coleen Nolan

English singer, author, beauty queen and television presenter Coleen NolanNolan in 2009[1]BornColeen Patricia Nolan (1965-03-12) 12 March 1965 (age 59)Blackpool, Lancashire, EnglandOccupationsSingertelevision personalityauthorYears active1974–presentTelevisionLoose Women (2000–2001, 2004–2011, 2013–present)This Morning (2001–2002, 2010–2012)Celebrity Big Brother (2012, 2017)Spouses Shane Richie ​ ​(m. 1990; div. 1999)R...

قصيرات الذنب الحقيقية

اضغط هنا للاطلاع على كيفية قراءة التصنيف قصيرات الذنب الحقيقية   المرتبة التصنيفية قسم  [لغات أخرى]‏  التصنيف العلمي النطاق: حقيقيات النوى المملكة: حيوانات العويلم: ثنائيات التناظر (غير مصنف) جميع المفصليات الشعبة: مفصليات الأرجل الشعيبة: الفقيميات غير مصنف: ج�...

 

Il Santo (serie televisiva)

Il SantoTitolo originaleThe Saint PaeseRegno Unito Anno1962-1969 Formatoserie TV Genereazione, fantasy, spionaggio Stagioni6 Episodi118 Durata50 min (episodio) Lingua originaleinglese Dati tecniciB/N4:3 CreditiIdeatoreRobert S. Baker Interpreti e personaggi Roger Moore: Simon Templar Ivor Dean: Ispettore Teal Warren Mitchell : Marco de Cesari Doppiatori e personaggi Riccardo Cucciolla: Simon Templar (st. 1-4) Luigi Vannucchi: Simon Templar (st. 1-4) Rino Bolognesi: Simon Templar ...