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Shuyang County
Shuyang County
Traditional Chinese	沭陽
Simplified Chinese	沭阳
Hanyu Pinyin
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin	Shùyáng

Shuyang

沭阳县
Shuyang 沭阳县
County
	Shuyang County in July 2011
	Shuyang Location in Jiangsu
	Coordinates: 34°06′52″N 118°46′08″E / 34.11444°N 118.76889°E
Country	People's Republic of China
Province	Jiangsu
Prefecture-level city	Suqian
Established	582 BC
Government
• Type	Province Managing County
• Mayor	Hu Jianjun (胡建军)
Area
• County	2,298 km2 (887 sq mi)
Population (2019)
• County	1,930,000
• Density	840/km2 (2,200/sq mi)
• Urban	650,000
• Metro	650,000
Time zone	UTC+8 (China Standard)
Postal code	223600
Area code	527
GDP	¥63.01billion (2015)
Major Nationalities	Han
Township-level divisions	34
License Plate	苏N
Website	www.shuyang.gov.cn

Shuyang (simplified Chinese: 沭阳县; traditional Chinese: 沭陽縣; pinyin: Shùyáng Xiàn) is a county in northern Jiangsu province. It is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Suqian.^[1] Shuyang sits on the Northern Jiangsu Plains and borders the cities of Xuzhou, Lianyungang, and Huai'an to the north, east, and south.

Shuyang is a pilot administrative division for "provinces governing county level units directly" in Jiangsu, along with Kunshan and Taixing.

Etymology

The name of “Shuyang” was first officially used in 549 AD during Eastern Wei.

The two Chinese characters in the county's name are “沭” and “阳”, together meaning “in the north of the Shu River”. As the government and commercial center, the county seat was chosen to be constructed in the north of Shuhe River in 549 AD in order to control the land around the river basin.^[2]

History

Prior to its proclamation as the Zhou Dynasty in 1111 BC, the area around the north of Jiangsu was inhabited by the Dongyi, an ancient ethnic group that established numerous city-states. The area around Shuyang belonged to Tan [zh] (郯), one of the Dongyi states.^[3]

In the late period of the Zhou Dynasty, that is Spring and Autumn period, the State of Lu began to expand its power to the south. Part of the region was officially proclaimed as the territory of the State of Lu in 582 BC after the fortress "Zhongcheng" (中城), was built on the northwest. This is also the first city in this place in accordance with ‘The Spring and Autumn Annals’, which was compiled by Confucius. In the Warring States period, the Chu conquered and controlled the land of this area.^{[citation needed]}

After Qin's wars of unification, the Qin Dynasty was established by Qin Shi Huang, the first emperor of China. Houqiu County (厚丘县) was founded for administrating the region and the governments of later dynasties generally followed this pattern.^{[citation needed]}

In 549 AD, the imperial government of Eastern Wei abandoned the old castle and city wall and moved the local government into a new county seat near the north of Shu River. In the meantime, the county was changed to the present name, Shuyang County (沭阳县). In the following 1400 years, the location of the county seat was kept constant.^[4]

As the main natural disaster in northern Jiangsu, rain storms and floods were the principal threat to the county in the old days. The castle and city wall of Shuyang was totally destroyed up to the middle of the 15th century. The government rebuilt the city wall until 1512 and was ruined by the floods subsequently. In 1594, the local government started to rebuild a substantial one with plenty of bricks and stones and it was finished in 1616.^{[citation needed]}

In the early modern period, life in this region was recognised as peaceful and stable for most of the time.^{[citation needed]}

The area was invaded by Imperial Japan in 1937. The ancient city wall and other pieces historic architecture were devastated at the beginning of the war.^{[citation needed]}

Geography

Shuyang is in the North China Plain, located approximately 260 kilometres (160 mi) from Nanjing, and 450 kilometres (280 mi) from the center of Shanghai.^{[citation needed]} The county stretches 60 kilometres (37 mi) from east to west, and 55 kilometres (34 mi) from north to south.^[5]

Shuyang is located in a low-lying plain, with most of its elevation reaching just 4.5 metres (15 ft) to 7 metres (23 ft) above sea level.^[5] Mount Han (Chinese: 韩山; pinyin: Hán Shān) is the highest point in Shuyang County, with an elevation of 70 metres (230 ft) above sea level.^[5] It is located within the east of the county, in the town of Hanshan [zh].^{[citation needed]}

Climate

Shuyang has a distinct four-season, monsoon-influenced humid subtropical climate with hot, humid summers, and generally mild, dry winters (Köppen climate classification Cfa).

Winters are generally mild and dry. However, cold northwesterly winds from Mongolia and Siberia can cause temperatures to drop below freezing in the night, and there has been occasional snowfall in winters in recent years. Summers are hot and humid; southeasterly winds during the summer can push temperatures above 35 °C (95 °F). In midsummer, occasional downpours or thunderstorms can be expected.^{[citation needed]}

Climate data for Shuyang (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010)
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °C (°F)	17.2 (63.0)	25.6 (78.1)	27.0 (80.6)	31.4 (88.5)	36.4 (97.5)	37.5 (99.5)	38.9 (102.0)	36.6 (97.9)	34.8 (94.6)	33.5 (92.3)	27.6 (81.7)	20.4 (68.7)	38.9 (102.0)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)	5.8 (42.4)	8.8 (47.8)	14.1 (57.4)	20.4 (68.7)	25.5 (77.9)	29.5 (85.1)	31.0 (87.8)	30.5 (86.9)	27.0 (80.6)	22.0 (71.6)	14.9 (58.8)	8.1 (46.6)	19.8 (67.6)
Daily mean °C (°F)	0.8 (33.4)	3.5 (38.3)	8.4 (47.1)	14.6 (58.3)	20.0 (68.0)	24.2 (75.6)	27.0 (80.6)	26.3 (79.3)	22.0 (71.6)	16.2 (61.2)	9.4 (48.9)	2.9 (37.2)	14.6 (58.3)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)	−3.0 (26.6)	−0.7 (30.7)	3.7 (38.7)	9.4 (48.9)	14.9 (58.8)	19.8 (67.6)	23.8 (74.8)	23.2 (73.8)	18.2 (64.8)	11.7 (53.1)	5.1 (41.2)	−1.0 (30.2)	10.4 (50.8)
Record low °C (°F)	−15.6 (3.9)	−17.1 (1.2)	−9.6 (14.7)	−1.2 (29.8)	3.3 (37.9)	9.9 (49.8)	17.7 (63.9)	14.2 (57.6)	7.5 (45.5)	−1.4 (29.5)	−7.6 (18.3)	−18.0 (−0.4)	−18.0 (−0.4)
Average precipitation mm (inches)	22.9 (0.90)	26.2 (1.03)	36.9 (1.45)	50.6 (1.99)	71.3 (2.81)	124.6 (4.91)	210.7 (8.30)	194.4 (7.65)	84.4 (3.32)	38.5 (1.52)	35.6 (1.40)	20.9 (0.82)	917 (36.1)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm)	4.7	5.6	6.4	6.7	8.1	8.3	13.3	12.4	7.8	5.7	5.8	4.5	89.3
Average snowy days	2.6	2.2	0.9	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.5	1.2	7.4
Average relative humidity (%)	69	68	66	67	72	75	84	85	80	74	72	69	73
Mean monthly sunshine hours	142.5	140.4	174.5	198.2	208.0	166.6	163.8	167.9	170.8	171.3	147.7	146.3	1,998
Percent possible sunshine	45	45	47	51	48	39	38	41	47	49	48	48	46
Source: China Meteorological Administration^[6]^[7]^[8]

Administrative divisions

Shuyang County administers 6 subdistricts, 23 towns, 1 township, and 2 other township-level divisions.^[9]

Subdistricts

The county administers the following 6 subdistricts:^[9]

Shucheng Subdistrict [zh] (沭城街道)
Shizi Subdistrict [zh] (十字街道)
Nanhu Subdistrict [zh] (南湖街道)
Zhangji Subdistrict [zh] (章集街道)
Mengxi Subdistrict [zh] (梦溪街道)
Qixiong Subdistrict [zh] (七雄街道)

Towns

The county administers the following 23 towns:^[9]

Longji [zh] (陇集镇)
Liheng [zh] (李恒镇)
Huji [zh] (胡集镇)
Zhaxia [zh] (扎下镇)
Qianji [zh] (钱集镇)
Yanji [zh] (颜集镇)
Tanggou [zh] (塘沟镇)
Tongyang
Machang [zh] (马厂镇)
Longmiao [zh] (龙庙镇)
Yitao [zh] (沂涛镇)
Gaoxu [zh] (高墟镇)
Miaotou [zh] (庙头镇)
Gengwei [zh] (耿圩镇)
Hanshan [zh] (韩山镇)
Xinhe [zh] (新河镇)
Huachong [zh] (华冲镇)
Xianguan [zh] (贤官镇)
Sangxu [zh] (桑墟镇)
Wuji [zh] (吴集镇)
Yuelai [zh] (悦来镇)
Qingyihu [zh] (青伊湖镇)
Liuji [zh] (刘集镇)

Townships

The sole township in Shuyang County is Xixu Township [zh].^[9]

Other township-level divisions

Shuyang County also administers the Shuyang Economic and Technological Development Zone and the Kunshan Industrial Park (昆山工业园区).^[9]

Demographics

As of 2010, Shuyang County had a population of approximately 1.83 million, making it the most populous county in Jiangsu.^[5] Shuyang had a metropolitan population of more than 560,000, according to the 2010 Chinese Census.^{[citation needed]} Major areas of population growth in recent years were in suburbs like Nanhu and Mengxi, which are now a part of the metropolitan area.^{[citation needed]} In 2015, the urban area was expected to have a population of approximately 800,000.^{[citation needed]}^{[needs update]} Some 30% of the population of the whole region are residents of the metropolitan area.^{[citation needed]}

Economy

During the Republic of China, the economy of Shuyang County was negatively impacted by the Japanese invasion of China and frequent floods.^{[citation needed]} In the 1950s, the local economy developed rapidly, benefitting from the post-war recovery and further development of agriculture and industry in the region.^{[citation needed]} However, Shuyang County was of decreasing economic importance within Jiangsu from the time of the Cultural Revolution onwards.^{[citation needed]} In 1997, under the administration of Qiu He, the government of Suqian, which governs Shuyang County, began undergoing economic reforms focusing on industrialization and privatization.^{[citation needed]}

As of 2018, Shuyang County had a total gross domestic product (GDP) of more than 80 billion renminbi (RMB).^[10]

Mineral resources within Shuyang County include kyanite, quartz, and clay.^[5] The county's kyanite reserves account for about a quarter of China's national reserves.^[5]

Agriculture in Shuyang County is highly digitalized,^[10]^[11]^[12] and the county is home to numerous so-called "Taobao villages", where a large portion of the rural population is highly engaged in e-commerce.^[10]^[11]

Culture

Dialect

There are over 1.7 million people in Shuyang who speak a subdialect of Lower Yangtze Mandarin, called Haisi Dialect.^[13]^{[clarification needed]} Like most of Lower Yangtze Mandarin, Haisi dialect has five tones due to the preservation of the entering tone (Chinese: 入声; pinyin: rù shēng) of Middle Chinese, more than the four-toned Standard Chinese which lost the entering tone.^[14] The dialect of Haisi has largely lost the initial n, replacing it with l, and the retention of the entering tone sets it apart from other Mandarin dialects.^{[citation needed]}

Speakers of the dialect can easily understand other varieties of Mandarin, but not vice versa.^{[citation needed]} As Standard Chinese becomes increasingly powerful in social life, it has largely impacted on the dialect in words, pronunciation, and grammar.^{[citation needed]}^{[clarification needed]}

Religions

Approximately 95% of the population of Shuyang County expressed no religious affiliation, according to the 2010 Chinese Census.^{[citation needed]}

Buddhism

It has been unverified when the Buddhism was first introduced to Shuyang County. It might have been introduced to this region around the 2nd century to the 3rd century by sea. The oldest temple in Shuyang is the Qingliang Temple, which was built before the 9th century.

Christianity

In 1921, the Presbyterian Church in the United States started missionary work in Shuyang County. The current church was built in 1993 in the north of the urban area. The second church was to be opened in 2014.^{[needs update]}

Opera

Huaihai opera is sung in the region.

Transportation

Major roads which run through Shuyang County include the G2 Beijing–Shanghai Expressway, China National Highway 205, and Jiangsu Provincial Roads 245, 304, 324, and 326.^[5]

The Xinyi–Changxing railway runs through Shuyang County.^[5] The railway connects the Longhai railway and Jiaozhou–Xinyi railway in the north with the Nanjing–Qidong railway, Beijing–Shanghai railway, and Xuancheng–Hangzhou railway in the south.^{[citation needed]} Shuyang railway station, near the metropolitan area, is a third class station on the Xinyi-Changxing Railway.^{[citation needed]}

Navigable rivers within Shuyang County include the Shu River, the Shuxin River [zh], the Liutang River (Chinese: 六塘河; pinyin: Liùtáng Hé), the Qiangwei River [zh], and the Gupo River (Chinese: 古泊河; pinyin: Gǔpō Hé).^[5] The Lianyungang-Suqian Canal connects the Lianyungang Port and the Grand Canal is under construction.^{[citation needed]}

Sister cities

Domestic

References

^ "市县社会经济". Archived from the original on 12 December 2013. Retrieved 9 December 2013.
^ （清）唐仲冕修、汪梅鼎等撰，《嘉庆海州直隶州志》，江苏古籍出版社，2008年.
^ （民国）戴仁、张景衡、吴鹏等监修，《民国重修沭阳县志》，江苏古籍出版社，2008年.
^ （明）郑复亨修、裴天祐校，《隆庆海州志》，江苏古籍出版社，2000年
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ 沭阳县概况地图 [Shuyang County Overview]. xzqh.org (in Chinese). 10 April 2014. Archived from the original on 15 August 2022. Retrieved 21 March 2023.
^ 中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
^ 中国气象数据网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
^ 中国地面国际交换站气候标准值月值数据集（1971－2000年） (in Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. June 2011. Archived from the original on 16 October 2013. Retrieved 27 May 2010.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e 2022年统计用区划代码（沭阳县） [2022 Statistical Division Codes (Shuyang County)] (in Chinese). National Bureau of Statistics of China. 2022. Archived from the original on 21 March 2023. Retrieved 21 March 2023.
^ ^a ^b ^c Li, Donghe (9 September 2019). "China offers e-commerce lessons for rural Africa". International Food Policy Research Institute. Retrieved 21 March 2023.
^ ^a ^b Hofman, Bert (29 October 2016). "The Taobao Villages as an Instrument for Poverty Reduction and Shared Prosperity". World Bank. Retrieved 21 March 2023.
^ Zeng, Yiwu; Guo, Hongdong; Yao, Yanfei; Huang, Lu (15 August 2019). "The formation of agricultural e‐commerce clusters: A case from China". Growth and Change. 50 (4): 1356–1374. doi:10.1111/grow.12327. ISSN 0017-4815. S2CID 202336060.
^ 侍建国，“沭阳音系及其历史演变”，《语言研究》，1992（2）.
^ John H. McWhorter (2007). Language interrupted: signs of non-native acquisition in standard language grammars (illustrated ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 129. ISBN 978-0-19-530980-5. Retrieved 23 September 2011. For example, many Mandarin dialects have more than four tones. Hangzhou has no fewer than seven, such that it was previously classified as a Wu dialect ( Simmons 1992; Baxter 2000, 106–8). In the Jiang-Huai region five-tone dialects are not uncommon, with six-tone ones reported on the Northern/Central boundary (Norman 1988, 194). These represent a retention of one of the original four tones of Middle Chinese (the rù tone), as distinguished from the more common Mandarin trait of having lost this tone while collapsing the two-way register distinction between the three others into a four-tone contrast not contingent upon register