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Shemuel Yeivin
Shemuel Yeivin
שמואל ייבין
Born	2 September 1896; Odessa, Russian Empire
Died	28 February 1982 (aged 85)
Nationality	Israel
Education	University College London;
Occupation	Archaeologist
Known for	First director of the Israel Antiquities Authority
Awards	Bialik Prize (1955); Israel Prize (1968);

Shemuel Yeivin (Hebrew: שמואל ייבין; September 2, 1896 – February 28, 1982), also spelled Shmuel, was an Israeli archaeologist and the first director of the Israel Antiquities Authority.

Early life and education

Shemuel Yeivin was born in Odessa, in the Jewish Pale of Settlement of the Russian Empire, on 2 September 1896. His father was Nissan Yeivin, a descendant of Rabbi Yaakov Yosef ben Yehuda [he], from whom the family derived their surname.^[1] His mother, Esther Yeivin [he], went on to become a noted women's rights activist and member of the Jewish National Council and Assembly of Representatives.^[2] Following the 1905 Odessa pogrom, Esther and her children joined the Second Aliyah and emigrated to Palestine, then part of the Ottoman Empire.^[2] Their father joined them in 1908, purchasing a farm in Gedera.^[2] The family later moved to Tel Aviv, where Shemuel studied at the Herzliya Hebrew Gymnasium.^[2]

After graduating from Herzliya in 1914, Yeivin was drafted into the Ottoman Army to fight in the First World War, serving as an officer until the end of the war in 1918.^[1]

He earned academic degrees in Egyptology and Semitic philology^[3] and studied archaeology under Sir Flinders Petrie at University College London.^[4]

Archaeology career

In Mandatory Palestine, Yeiven was an active member of the Jewish Palestine Exploration Society, serving as its chair between 1944 and 1946.^[5] Speaking at a meeting of the society in Tel Aviv in 1934, he celebrated archaeologists' "discovery of Hebrew Palestine" in excavations at Tell Beit Mirsim, Tel Megiddo, and Tel Lachish in the previous decade.^[6] Later he participated in the first yedi'at ha-Aretz ("Knowledge of the Land") conference, organised by the society in Jerusalem in 1943, arguing for the expansion of regional museums to educate Jewish settlers about the antiquities of the country.^[7] He also took part in excavations at Luxor (1924), Beit Shean (1924–28), Seleucia (1929–37) and was the co-director, with J. Krause-Marquet, of excavations at Ai in 1933.^[3]

After the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, Yeivin was appointed the inaugural director of its Department of Antiquities and Museums, which succeeded the Department of Antiquities of Mandatory Palestine and is now known as the Israel Antiquities Authority. He held the position until 1961.^[5] In 1962 he established the Department of Ancient Near Eastern Studies at Tel Aviv University (later the Tel Aviv University Institute of Archaeology) in 1962. He was succeeded by Yohanan Aharoni in 1968.^[8]

He received the Bialik Prize for Jewish Thought in 1955^[9] and the Israel Prize in 1968.^[10]

Selected publications

1939, Toledot ha-Ketav ha-Ivri (The History of the Hebrew Script)
1946, Milḥamot Bar Kokhva (The War of Bar-Kochba)
1955, Kadmoniyyot Arẓenu (The Antiquities of Israel), co-authored with Michael Avi-Yonah

Notes

^ ^a ^b Tidhar 1950.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Tidhar 1959.
^ ^a ^b Avi-Yonah 2021.
^ "Benjamin Mazar, In Memoriam" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-02-24. Retrieved 2021-03-10.
^ ^a ^b Abu El-Haj 2001, p. 293.
^ Abu El-Haj 2001, pp. 73–75.
^ Abu El-Haj 2001, pp. 21–53.
^ "About Us". The Sonia and Marco Nadler Institute of Archaeology.
^ "List of Bialik Prize recipients 1933-2004" (PDF). Tel Aviv Municipality website (in Hebrew). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-12-17.
^ "Recipients in 1968". Israel Prize Official Site (in Hebrew).

References

Avi-Yonah, Michael (2021). "Yeivin, Shemuel". Encyclopaedia Judaica. Encyclopedia.com. Retrieved 2021-03-11.
Abu El-Haj, Nadia (2001). Facts on the Ground: Archaeological Practice and Territorial Self-Fashioning in Israeli Society. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-00215-6.
Tidhar, David (1950). "שמואל ייבין" [Shmuel Yavin]. Entsiklopedyah le-halutse ha-yishuv u-vonav (in Hebrew). Vol. 4. Touro College Libraries. p. 1807. Retrieved 2021-03-11.
Tidhar, David (1959). "אסתר ייבין" [Esther Yavin]. Entsiklopedyah le-halutse ha-yishuv u-vonav (in Hebrew). Vol. 10. Touro College Libraries. p. 3635. Retrieved 2021-03-11.