Sem (artist)

Georges Goursat
Born(1863-11-23)23 November 1863[1]
Périgueux
Died26 November 1934(1934-11-26) (aged 71)[2]
Paris
NationalityFrench
Other namesSem
Occupationartist
Known forcaricatures, posters

Georges Goursat ((1863-11-23)23 November 1863[3] – (1934-11-26)26 November 1934[2]), known as Sem, was a French caricaturist famous during the Belle Époque.

Life and works

Youth (1863–1900)

Self portrait (1888) (signed as "SEM")
Goursat's first poster (1891) for the singer Paulus
First caricatures in Le Rire (1897).
Caricature of various individuals playing roulette by Sem, 1920

Georges Goursat was born and raised in an upper-middle-class family from Périgueux.[4] The wealth inherited from his father at the age of 21[5] allowed him to sustain a gilded youth.[6]

In 1888 he self-published his first three albums of caricatures in Périgueux, signing some as "SEM",[7] allegedly as a tribute[8] to Amédée de Noé who signed his caricatures for Le Monde illustré as "Cham".[9]

He settled in Bordeaux from 1890 to 1898.[10] During this period, he published more albums and his first press caricatures in La Petite Gironde[11] and discovered the work of Leonetto Cappiello.[12] His style matured, becoming both simpler and more precise.[13]

During the same period, he made trips to Paris. In 1891, he designed two posters printed in Jules Chéret's workshop for the singer Paulus.[12] He published his first caricatures of artists in L'Illustration (Albert Brasseur) and Le Rire (Paulus, Polin and Yvette Guilbert[i. 1]).[12]

Goursat lived in Marseille from 1898 to 1900,[14][i. 2] where he met Jean Lorrain who convinced him to live in Paris.[15]

Caricature women on a boat being sailed by a sailor by Sem, 1925

Belle Époque (1900–1914)

Goursat arrived in Paris in March 1900 at the time of the Universal Exposition opening.[16]

He chose horse racing[i. 3] as a way to enter high society.[16] In June 1900 he self-published his new album Le Turf of caricatures of many prominent Parisian socialites, including Marquess Boni de Castellane, Prince Trubetskoy, Count Clermont-Tonnerre, Baron Alphonse, Gustave de Rothschild, and Polaire.[16] The album's success made him famous overnight.[17] In October 1900 he published the album Paris-Trouville with equal success. Goursat published nine other albums before 1913.[18]

In 1904, Goursat received the Légion d'honneur.[19] In 1909, he exhibited with the painter Auguste Roubille, first in Paris and then in Monte Carlo and London. The exhibit included a diorama composed of hundreds of wooden figurines "of all the merely Paris celebrities".[20]

World War I (1914–1918)

Goursat was not drafted in World War I as he was over 50 years old at the start of the war.[21] He nevertheless involved himself as a war correspondent for Le Journal.[21] Some of his rather "chauvinistic" articles had an "enormous impact".[22] Ten articles were published in 1917 in Un pékin sur le front. Two other articles were incorporated in the 1923 book La Ronde de Nuit.[23] In 1916 and 1918 Goursat published two albums of Croquis de Guerre (War Sketches) with a completely different style than his previous work.[22] He also designed war bond posters.[24]

Années Folles (1918–1934)

After the war, Goursat returned to the kind of caricatures that made him famous. In 1919, he published Le Grand Monde à l'envers (High Society Upside Down).[25] Around 1923, he published three albums under the general title of Le Nouveau Monde (transl. The New World).[26] In 1923, he became an officer of the Légion d'honneur.[27]

In 1929, he was severely impoverished by the economic crisis.[28] After a heart attack in 1933,[29] he died in 1934.[2]

Personalities caricatured by Goursat

Name, surname Occupation Image
Alexandrovich, Vladimir Socialite
Annunzio, Gabriele d' Writer
Astruc, Gabriel Impresario
Balthy, Louise [fr] Actress
Bennett, Gordon Publisher
Blanc, Edmond Politician
Blériot, Louis Aviator
Boldini, Giovanni Painter
Borbon, Alfonso de King
Brasseur, Albert Actor
Brieux, Eugène Writer
Capel, Arthur "Boy" Polo player
Cappiello, Leonetto Poster artist
Capus, Alfred Writer
Castellane, Boni de Socialite
Chanel, Coco Designer
Colette, Sidonie-Gabrielle Writer
Croisset, Francis de Dramatist
Deval, Marguerite Singer
Donnay, Maurice Dramatist
Doumer, Paul President
Ephrussi, Maurice Financier
Feydeau, Georges Writer
Forain, Jean-Louis Painter
Fursy, Henri Variety singer
Gauthier-Villars, Henry Writer
Guitry, Lucien Actor
Guitry, Sacha Actor
Guyon, Charles-Alexandre [fr] Actor
Hahn, Reynaldo Composer
Adrien Hébrard [fr] Journalist
Helleu, Paul Painter
Hervieu, Paul Dramatist
Humbert, Charles Senator
Lambert, Charles de Aviator
Lafitte, Pierre [fr] Publisher
Latham, Hubert Aviator
Lavallière, Ève Actress
Letellier, Henri [fr] Publisher
Lorrain, Jean Writer
Massenet, Jules Composer
Mendès, Catulle Writer
Mérode, Cléo de Dancer
Montesquiou, Robert de Poet
Morand, Paul Writer
Noailles, Anna de Writer
Noailles, Emmanuel de Diplomat
Qajar, Ahmad Shah
Paquin, Jeanne Designer
Pierpont Morgan, John Financier
Poiré, Emmanuel (Caran d'Ache) Cartoonist
Polaire Actress
Porto-Riche, Georges de Writer
Pougy, Liane de Dancer
Puccini, Giacomo Composer
Rostand, Edmond Dramatist
Rostand, Maurice Writer
Rougier, Henri Aviator
Santos-Dumont, Alberto Aviator
Sardou, Victorien Dramatist
Vionnet, Madeleine Designer
Wall, Berry Socialite

References

  1. ^ (Bonnelle & Meneret 1979, p. 13)
  2. ^ a b c (Bonnelle & Meneret 1979, p. 171)
  3. ^ (Bonnelle & Meneret 1979, p. 13)
  4. ^ (Bonnelle & Meneret 1979, p. 14)
  5. ^ (Bonnelle & Meneret 1979, p. 18)
  6. ^ (Bonnelle & Meneret 1979, p. 19)
  7. ^ (Bonnelle & Meneret 1979, pp. 21–23)
  8. ^ Dixmier, Michel (2007). Quand le crayon attaque: images satiriques et opinion publique en France, 1814–1918 (in French). Autrement. p. 167. ISBN 978-2-7467-1052-8.
  9. ^ Guerrand, Roger-Henri. "SEM Georges Goursat dit (1863–1934)" (in French). Encyclopaedia Universalis. Retrieved 3 September 2011.
  10. ^ (Bonnelle & Meneret 1979, pp. 25–33)
  11. ^ (Bonnelle & Meneret 1979, p. 25)
  12. ^ a b c (Bonnelle & Meneret 1979, pp. 30–33)
  13. ^ (Bonnelle & Meneret 1979, p. 26)
  14. ^ (Bonnelle & Meneret 1979, p. 35)
  15. ^ (Bonnelle & Meneret 1979, p. 41)
  16. ^ a b c (Bonnelle & Meneret 1979, p. 45)
  17. ^ (Bonnelle & Meneret 1979, p. 46)
  18. ^ "La Belle Époque". Association Sem. Archived from the original on 20 February 2012. Retrieved 4 September 2011.
  19. ^ "Bloc-notes parisien". Le Gaulois (in French). 15 August 1904.
  20. ^ Pollard, Percival (1911). Vagabond Journeys: The Human Comedy at Home and Abroad. p. 42.
  21. ^ a b (Bonnelle & Meneret 1979, p. 100)
  22. ^ a b (Bonnelle & Meneret 1979, p. 112)
  23. ^ (Bonnelle & Meneret 1979, p. 102)
  24. ^ (Bonnelle & Meneret 1979, p. 116)
  25. ^ (Bonnelle & Meneret 1979, p. 121)
  26. ^ (Bonnelle & Meneret 1979, p. 123)
  27. ^ (Bonnelle & Meneret 1979, p. 130)
  28. ^ (Bonnelle & Meneret 1979, p. 136)
  29. ^ (Bonnelle & Meneret 1979, p. 170)

Images

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Georges Goursat.
  1. ^ Base Joconde: Les demi-vieilles, French Ministry of Culture. (in French)
  2. ^ Goursat, Georges. "Le port de Marseille" (in French). Réunion des Musées Nationaux. Retrieved 4 September 2011.
  3. ^ Flameng, François; Vizzavona, François Antoine (1913). "Portrait de M. Sem, souvenir d'Ascot" (in French). Réunion des Musées Nationaux.

Bibliography

  • Bonnelle, Madeleine; Meneret, Marie-José (1979). SEM (in French). Périgueux: Pierre Fanlac. ISBN 2-86577-144-X.
  • Dini, Francesca (2006). Boldini, Helleu, Sem : protagonisti e miti della Belle Epoque (in Italian). Skira.

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