SS James Eagan Layne

History
Launching of the James Eagan Layne
United States
Name	James Eagan Layne
Namesake	James Eagan Layne
Operator	US Navigation Company, New York City
Builder	Delta Shipbuilding Corporation, New Orleans, Louisiana
Yard number	157
Laid down	23 October 1944
Launched	2 December 1944
Completed	18 December 1944
Fate	Sunk on 21 March 1945
General characteristics
Class and type	Liberty ship
Tonnage	7,176 tons
Length	422.8 ft
Beam	57 ft
Draft	27 ft 9.25 in
Propulsion	Two oil-fired boilers, triple-expansion steam engine, single screw, 2500 horsepower (1.9 MW)
Speed	11 to 11.5 knots (20 to 21 km/h)
Crew	69

SS James Eagan Layne was a liberty ship. She was beached and sunk during the Second World War off Whitsand Bay, Cornwall, United Kingdom.

History

Voyages and sinking

She was built by the Delta Shipbuilding Corporation, New Orleans, Louisiana in 1944 and was operated by the United States Navigation Company, of New York City. She was named after the second engineer of the Esso Baton Rouge, who was killed when Esso Baton Rouge was sunk by Reinhard Hardegen's U-123 on 23rd February 1943.

The final voyage of the James Eagan Layne was in convoy BTC-103^[1] to carry 4,500 tons of US Army Engineers' equipment from Barry, Wales, to Ghent, in Belgium.^[2] She also carried motorboats and lumber as deck cargo. She was sighted on 21 March 1945, sailing 12 miles off Plymouth by U-399^[3] and torpedoed on the starboard side between holds #4 and #5. She was badly damaged, but was taken in tow by tugs Flaunt and Atlas. She was beached in Whitsand Bay Cornwall, but subsequently settled on the bottom and was declared a total loss. There were no casualties amongst her crew of 69.^[4]

As a wreck

Some salvage was done at the time of her loss before the forward holds flooded and much of the cargo in the stern section was salvaged by an Icelandic firm in 1953 with further salvage work completed in 1967.^[5]

The wreck has been a popular dive site for many years.^[6]^[7] James Eagan Layne is situated 540 metres (1,770 ft) east of the wreck of HMS Scylla - in 22m of water with her bows at 50°19.602′N 4°14.714′W / 50.326700°N 4.245233°W / 50.326700; -4.245233. In June 2011, three divers got into difficulty on the wreck, resulting in one death.^[8]

March 2015 is the 70th anniversary of the sinking of the James Eagan Layne. To celebrate this anniversary, the Liberty 70 Project was started with the aim of researching and documenting all aspects of the life of this vessel - wartime transport, shipwreck, commercial salvage, the classic UK wreck dive and artificial reef.^[9]

References

^ [1] Convoy BTC-103 on uboat.net
^ The Liberty Ships, p83, L.A. Sawyer & W.H. Mitchell, ISBN 1-85044-049-2
^ Lost Patrols: Submarine Wrecks of the English Channel, p28, Innes McCartney, ISBN 1-904381-04-9
^ Great British Wrecks, p47, Kendall McDonald, ISBN 0-946020-07-8
^ UKHO Wreck Report #17655, UK Hydrographic Office
^ [2] DiverNet Wreck Tour: 62, The James Eagan Layne
^ Dive South Cornwall, p43, Richard Larn, ISBN 0-946020-25-6
^ "Diver dies after shipwreck rescue in Whitsand Bay". BBC News. BBC. 12 June 2011. Retrieved 12 June 2011.
^ [3] The Liberty 70 Project

External links

The Liberty 70 Project
Submerged
FourthElement Archived 27 August 2011 at the Wayback Machine

v t e Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in March 1945
Shipwrecks	1 Mar: USS Hannibal 2 Mar: U-3519 3 Mar: HMT Southern Flower, HMAS Steady Hour 4 Mar: U-3508 5 Mar: Nagara Maru 6 Mar: Albert Ballin, Z28 7 Mar: U-1302 10 Mar: Amiral Charner, U-275, U-681 11 Mar: U-682 12 Mar: Sperrbrecher 18, USS Bass, U-260, V 315 Bris 13 Mar: HMS Sealion 13 Mar. Taber Park 14 Mar: Hugo Zeye, U-714, U-1021 15 Mar: USS Lancetfish 16 Mar: U-367 17 Mar: HMCS Guysborough 18 Mar: U-866, TA24 19 Mar: Empire Blessing, Suma, Samselbu 20 Mar: M18, Hakuyo Maru, HMS Lapwing 21 Mar: James Eagan Layne 23 Mar: Gneisenau, Ro-41, USS S-21 24 Mar: Tomozuru 26 Mar: HMAS Terka, U-399, U-1003, Zähringen 27 Mar: U-722, U-905 28 Mar: USS Skylark, USS Trigger 29 Mar: Cha-156, Kommandøren, U-1106, U-1169 30 Mar: Köln, U-96, U-348, U-350, U-429, U-430, U-870, U-884, U-965, U-1131, U-1167, U-2340, U-3508 31 Mar: Ha-60, I-8 Unknown date: Ha-69, USS Kete, U-296
Other incidents	1 Mar: USS Guitarro 6 Mar: Greenhill Park 11 Mar: USS Piranha, U-1201 16 Mar: I-47 18 Mar: Brünhilde 19 Mar: USS Franklin, Ryūhō 20 Mar: USS Piranha 21 Mar: USS Spadefish 23 Mar: U-1003 26 Mar: USS Halligan, HMS Puffin 29 Mar: HMCS Teme 30 Mar: U-1197 31 Mar: USS Case, USS Coos Bay, USS Spot Unknown date: U-758
1944 1945 1946 February 1945 April 1945

Recreational dive sites

Reef diving regions

Reef dive sites

Artificial reefs	Edithburgh jetty Gibraltar Artificial Reef Merkanti Reef Port Hughes jetty Port Noarlunga jetty Rapid Bay jetty Shark River Reef South Channel Fort Osborne Reef
Underwater artworks	Cancún Underwater Museum Christ of the Abyss Circle of Heroes Kristu tal-Baħħara Molinere Underwater Sculpture Park
Snorkelling sites	Fungus Rock

Wreck diving regions

Wreck dive sites

115 (barge)

A	HMS A1 HMS A3 USS Aaron Ward Abessinia USS Accokeek HMAS Adelaide Admiral Sampson Adolphus Busch Aeolian Sky USS Aeolus Agat World War II Amtrac Ajax Albert C. Field USS Algol Algoma Al Munassir Amaryllis America USS Anderson Andrea Doria Antilla Antilles USS Apogon Appomattox Aquila Aratama Maru Arctic USS Arkansas Arratoon Apcar USS Arthur W. Radford Atlanta USS Atlanta Australasia
B	Bärenfels HMAS Bayonet Ben Doran Benwood Bianca C. USCGC Bibb Binnendijk USS Blenny HMS Boadicea Booya HMSAS Bloemfontein Breda Brian Davis HMAS Brisbane HMHS Britannic Bud Bar Bungsberg Byron
C	HMAS Canberra HMCS Cape Breton USCGC Cape Henlopen Captain Keith Tibbetts Carl D. Bradley USS Carlisle Carnatic Carthaginian II Cayuga Cedarville Chaudière Christina Nilsson ROCS Chen Hai Chester A. Congdon City of Bangor City of Everett City of Launceston Clan Ranald Clifton USCGC Comanche Comet Constandis HMAS Coogee SMS Cormoran Cornelia B. Windiate HMS Coronation Crusader Cuba Cumberland USS Curb USCGC Cuyahoga
D	Dania Daniel Lyons David Tucker SMS Dresden D.R. Hanna USCGC Duane Dunraven Dwight L. Moody
E	Eagle Eastfield Eber Ward Edgar E. Clark HMT Elk Ellengowan USS Emmons SS Emperor RMS Empress of Ireland Erie L. Hackley Espagne Etruria
F	HMS Falmouth Fifi Fleetwing SS Francisco Morazan Francis Hinton Frank O'Connor F. T. Barney Fujikawa Maru Fumizuki
G	Gallinipper SATS General Botha USNS General Hoyt S. Vandenberg George A. Marsh George Dewey George M. Cox Georg Thiele HMS Ghurka USS Gilliam Glenlyon Glen Strathallan SAS Good Hope HMAS Goorangai Gothenburg Grace A. Channon Grecian Green Bay Gregory Poole Gunilda
H	MT Haven SS Henry Chisholm MT Hephaestus Hermann Künne HMS Hermes Herzogin Cecilie SS Hesper Hilma Hooker Hispania Home HMS Hood HMAS Hobart
I	Igara USS Indra SS Ironsides SS Isaac M. Scott Island City
J	HMAS J1 HMAS J2 HMAS J4 HMAS J5 James Eagan Layne J.S. Seaverns SS John B. Cowle John M. Osborn SS John Mitchell Jura
K	SS Kamloops Kashi Maru PS Keystone State King Cruiser USS Kittiwake Kizugawa Maru SMS Kronprinz Kyarra Kyle Spangler
L	PS Lady Elgin Lady Thetis HMS Laforey SS Lakeland USS Lamson USAT Liberty SS Louisiana Louis Sheid SS L.R. Doty USS LST-507 Lumberman
M	HMS M2 HMCS Mackenzie Madeira SMS Markgraf SS Marquette Mayflower (scow) Mikhail Lermontov Maine Maloja HMS Maori SS Maori SS Margaret Olwill Marguerite SS Mauna Loa USAT Meigs Mendi MV Mercedes I USCGC Mesquite Metamora SS Midland City USS Mindanao Minnedosa SS Miowera SS Milwaukee USS Mizpah Miztec USCGC Mohawk Mohegan RMS Moldavia SS Monarch SS Monrovia HMS Montagu SS M.M. Drake MV RMS Mulheim USS Muliphen SS Myron
N	Nagato Niagara Niagara (tug) HMCS Nipigon SS Norman Northerner
O	Oceana SS Onoko USS Oriskany Oslofjord Ozone
P	P29 P31 SS Panay SS Papoose Pedernales Persier HMAS Perth SS Pewabic SAS Pietermaritzburg USS Pilotfish Piłsudski SS Pioneer USCGC Point Swift Pool Fisher SS Port Kembla HMS Port Napier Preußen President Coolidge HMS Prince of Wales
Q	Queen Victoria
R	R.P. Resor Radaas USS Rankin Rainbow Warrior Regina HMS Repulse RMS Rhone Riva Palacio Robert C. Pringle Robert Wallace USS Rochester Rondo Rosehill Rosinco Rotorua Rouse Simmons Royal Adelaide Royal Charter Rozi Russia
S	HMS Safari Sagamore HMCS Saguenay Sakawa Salem Express Samuel Mather Samuel P. Ely Sanko Harvest USS Saratoga HMCS Saskatchewan S.C. Baldwin USS Schurz USS Scuffle USS Scrimmage HMS Scylla Selah Chamberlain HMS Sidon USCGC Spar South Australian USS Spiegel Grove Sport Stanegarth Stanwood Stella Stepas Darius HMS St Lawrence Superior City HMAS Swan Sweepstakes
T	Tahoe USCGC Tamaroa USS Tarpon Thesis Thistlegorm Thomas Friant Thomas Wilson Thunderbolt Toa Maru HMAS Tobruk Tokai Maru Torrey Canyon SAS Transvaal Treasure HMNZS Tui
U	U-40 U-352 U-1195 Um El Faroud
V	V 1605 Mosel Varvassi USS Vermilion Vernon Vienna
W	HMNZS Waikato Walter L M Russ HMS Warrior Washingtonian Waubuno HMNZS Wellington Wexford William C. Moreland Wisconsin USS Wilkes-Barre
Y	USS Yancey YO-257 Yongala HMCS Yukon
Z	Zenobia Zealandia Zingara

Cave dive sites

Cave diving regions of the world

Cave dive sites:

Freshwater dive sites
Blue Hole (New Mexico) Blue Lake (Utah) Dinorwic quarry Dorothea quarry Dutch Springs Ewens Ponds Homestead caldera Little Blue Lake Logue Brook Dam Ponce de Leon Spring Rum Jungle Silfra Vortex Spring Wast Water Wazee Lake

Training sites
Blue Abyss Capernwray Dive Centre Deep Dive Dubai Deepspot Eccleston Quarry Hotel Terme Millepini National Diving and Activity Centre Nemo 33 Seacrest Cove 2 Slickstones Quarry, Cromhall Stoney Cove Swanage Pier

Related topics
Black-water diving Blue-water diving Low impact diving Recreational diving Scuba diving Scuba diving tourism Underwater archaeology Underwater diving Wall diving

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