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	HMAS J4 in 1919
History
United Kingdom
Name	HMS J4
Builder	HM Dockyard, Pembroke Dock
Launched	2 February 1916
Fate	Transferred to Australia, 25 March 1919
Australia
Name	HMAS J4
Acquired	25 March 1919
Decommissioned	12 July 1922
Fate	Sunk 1927
General characteristics
Class and type	British J class submarine
Displacement	1,210 long tons (1,230 t) (surfaced); 1,820 long tons (1,850 t) (submerged);
Length	275 ft (84 m)
Beam	22 ft (6.7 m)
Draught	14 ft (4.3 m)
Propulsion	Three shafts; Surfaced: three 12-cylinder diesel engines; Submerged: battery-driven electric motors;
Speed	19 kn (35 km/h; 22 mph) (surfaced); 9.5 kn (17.6 km/h; 10.9 mph) (submerged);
Range	4,000 nmi (7,400 km; 4,600 mi) at 12 kn (22 km/h; 14 mph)
Test depth	300 ft (91 m) max[citation needed]
Complement	44 personnel
Armament	six 18 inch (450 mm) torpedo tubes; (four bow, two beam); one 4 in (102 mm) gun;

HMS J4 (later HMAS J4) was a J-class submarine operated by the Royal Navy and the Royal Australian Navy.

Design and construction

The J class was designed by the Royal Navy in response to reported German submarines with surface speeds over 18 knots (33 km/h; 21 mph).^[1] They had a displacement of 1,210 tons surfaced, and 1,820 tons submerged.^[1] Each submarine was 275 feet (84 m) in length overall, with a beam of 22 feet (6.7 m), and a draught of 14 feet (4.3 m).^[1] The propulsion system was built around three propeller shafts; the J-class were the only triple-screwed submarines ever built by the British.^[1] Propulsion came from three 12-cylinder diesel motors when on the surface, and electric motors when submerged.^[1] Top speed was 19 knots (35 km/h; 22 mph) on the surface (the fastest submarines in the world at the time of construction), and 9.5 knots (17.6 km/h; 10.9 mph) underwater.^[1] Range was 4,000 nautical miles (7,400 km; 4,600 mi) at 12 knots (22 km/h; 14 mph).^[1]

Armament consisted of six 18 inch (450 mm) torpedo tubes (four forward, one on each beam), plus a 4-inch deck gun.^[1] Originally, the gun was mounted on a breastwork fitted forward of the conning tower, but the breastwork was later extended to the bow and merged into the hull for streamlining, and the gun was relocated to a platform fitted to the front of the conning tower.^[1] 44 personnel were aboard.^[1]

J4 was built by HM Dockyard at Pembroke in Wales and launched on 2 February 1916.^[2]^[3]

Operational history

After the war, the British Admiralty decided that the best way to protect the Pacific region was with a force of submarines and cruisers.^[1] To this end, they offered the six surviving submarines of the J-class to the Royal Australian Navy as gifts.^[1] J1 and her sisters were commissioned into the RAN in April 1919, and sailed for Australia on 9 April, in the company of the cruisers Sydney and Brisbane, and the tender Platypus.^[1] The flotilla reached Thursday Island on 29 June, and Sydney on 10 July.^[1] Because of the submarines' condition after the long voyage, they were immediately taken out of service for refits.^[1]

J1 and J4, plus Platypus, sailed on 10 February 1920 for Geelong, where a submarine base was established.^[1] Apart from local exercises and a 1921 visit to Tasmania, the submarines saw little use, and by June 1922, the cost of maintaining the boats and deteriorating economic conditions saw the six submarines decommissioned and marked for disposal.^[1]

Fate

The submarine was paid off on 12 July 1922. J4 was sold on 26 February 1924, but sank at her moorings at Williamstown, Victoria on 10 July 1924. She was raised and scuttled in ship graveyard off Port Phillip Heads.

The J4 wreck, also known as the "Shallow" or "90 foot Submarine", is submerged in 27 metres (89 ft) of water in the ship graveyard and is a popular dive site.^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]

Citations

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q Bastock, Australia's Ships of War, p. 86
^ "HMAS J4". Royal Australian Navy. Retrieved 13 March 2011.
^ "J4 Submarine". Shipwreck dive sites. Department of Planning and Community Development. Archived from the original on 7 March 2012. Retrieved 13 March 2011.
^ "Shallow or 90 Foot Submarine" (PDF), Dive Information Sheet, Department of Planning and Community Development, archived from the original (PDF) on 16 March 2011, retrieved 13 March 2011
^ Victorian Ships' Graveyard Wrecks, archived from the original on 23 April 2011, retrieved 13 March 2011
^ Milowka, Agnes, Victoria's J Class Submarines, archived from the original on 7 July 2011
^ Arnott, Terry, WWI J Class Subs, Maritime Archaeology Association Of Victoria, archived from the original on 29 September 2002