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São Paulo Metro
São Paulo Metro
Overview
Native name	Metrô de São Paulo
Locale	São Paulo, Brazil
Transit type	Rapid transit
Number of lines	11
Line number	Current: ; Future: ; Planned: 16 19 20 ;
Number of stations	89
Daily ridership	4.2 million (2024)
Annual ridership	1,196.5 billion (2023)
Website	Metrô (in English); ViaQuatro (in Portuguese); ViaMobilidade (in Portuguese); LinhaUni (in Portuguese);
Operation
Began operation	September 14, 1974; 50 years ago
Operator(s)	Companhia do Metropolitano de São Paulo (Lines 1, 2, 3, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20); ViaQuatro (Line 4); ViaMobilidade (Line 5); LinhaUni (Line 6);
Headway	1′40" to 3′
Technical
System length	104.4 km (64.9 mi)(Metro only); 380 km (240 mi) (complete network);
Track gauge	1,600 mm (5 ft 3 in) (Lines 1-3); 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) (Lines 4-6); 680 mm (2 ft 2+3⁄4 in) (Line 15);
Electrification	750 V DC third rail (Line 1, 2, 3, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20); 1,500 V DC overhead catenary (Line 4–5); 750 V DC overhead catenary (Line 6);
Average speed	60 km/h (37 mph)
Top speed	87 km/h (54 mph) (Lines 1–3); 80 km/h (50 mph) (Lines 4–5, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20);
System map
System map
	Legend
	Line 1 • Line 2 • Line 3 • Line 4 •; Line 5 • Line 6 • Line 15 • Line 17

The São Paulo Metro (Portuguese: Metrô de São Paulo, [meˈtɾo dʒi sɐ̃w ˈpawlu]), commonly called the Metrô, is a rapid transit system that forms part of the urban railways that serves the city of São Paulo, alongside the São Paulo Metropolitan Trains Company (CPTM), both forming the largest metropolitan rail transport network of Latin America.^[3] The six lines in the metro system operate on 104.4 kilometres (64.9 mi) of route, serving 89 stations.^[1] The metro system carries about 4,200,000 passengers a day.^[4]

Metro itself is far from covering the entire urban area in the city of São Paulo and only runs within the city limits. However, it is complemented by a network of metropolitan trains operated by CPTM and ViaMobilidade, which serve the city of São Paulo and the São Paulo Metropolitan Region.^[5]^[6] The two systems combined form a 380 km (240 mi) long network.^[1] The metropolitan trains differs from Metro because it also serves other municipalities around São Paulo with larger average distance between stations and freight trains operating in some lines.

Considered the most modern in Latin America,^[7] the system is the first to install platform screen doors at a station,^[8] and use communications-based train control^[9] with lines 4 and 15 being fully automated.^[10] Line 15 is a monorail line that partially opened for service in 2014 and is the first high capacity monorail line of Latin America. The São Paulo Metro and CPTM both operate as State-owned companies and have received awards in the recent past as one of the cleanest systems in the world by ISO 9001.^[11] The São Paulo Metro was voted Best Metro Americas at the MetroRail 2010 industry conference^[12] and has been frequently chosen as one of the best metro systems in the world by specialist media outlets such as CNN and Business Insider, being the only system in Latin America to make the list.^[13]^[14]^[15]^[16]

History

The Companhia do Metropolitano de São Paulo (Metrô) was founded on April 24, 1968. Eight months later, work on the initial North–South line (now Line 1 - Blue) was initiated. In 1972, the first test train trip occurred between Jabaquara and Saúde stations. On September 14, 1974, the segment between Jabaquara and Vila Mariana entered into commercial operation.

The first line, Norte/Sul (North/South), later renamed "Blue Line" or Line 1 - Blue, was opened on September 18, 1972, with an experimental operation between Saúde and Jabaquara stations. Commercial operations started on September 14, 1974, after an eight-year "gestation" period that began in 1966, under Mayor Faria Lima's administration. Expansion of the metro system includes new lines. As of late 2004, construction began on a US$1 billion, 12.8 km (8.0 mi) all-underground line (Line 4 - Yellow), with eleven stations, aimed at transporting almost one million people per day. By 2004, Line 2 was also being expanded, with two new stations open in 2006 and another one in 2007.

A 10.5-kilometre (6.5 mi) expansion of Line 5 was completed in 2018.

As of March 2024^[update], tickets cost R$5.00. In 2006, the São Paulo Metro system has started to use a smart card, called "Bilhete Único" (or "Single Ticket" in English).

Current operational data

The metro system consists of six color-coded lines: Line 1 (Blue), Line 2 (Green), Line 3 (Red), Line 4 (Yellow), Line 5 (Lilac) and Line 15 (Silver), operating from Sunday to Saturday, from 4:40 AM to midnight. Line 15 (Silver), is a high-capacity monorail, the rest being standard metro lines.

The six lines achieved an average weekday ridership of 5.3 million in 2019.^[4] On 14 September 2019, Metrô recorded the highest ever ridership figure of 5.5 million on a single business day, caused by the recent expansion of some lines. The Metro provided 1.49 billion rides over the course of 2019.^[17]

Bus terminals

In May 1977, Metro assumed the administration and commercial utilization of the Inter-City Jabaquara Intermunicipal Terminal, and inaugurated, in May 1982, the modern Inter-city Tietê Bus Terminal, replacing the former Júlio Prestes Terminal.

This agreement established that Metro would be in charge of the studies for the planning, implementation, and operation of passenger transportation in the municipal district of São Paulo, either directly or through third parties.

Later, the other inter-city bus terminals were integrated into the system, such as Bresser, in January 1988, and Palmeiras-Barra Funda, in December 1989. In January 1990 the inter-city bus terminals were outsourced by Metrô, which through public bidding, contracted Consortium Prima for the administration and commercial utilization of the 4 inter-city bus terminals of the city of São Paulo. This contract included the responsibility for maintenance and conservation of the existing installations, as well as of the expansion and modernisation of the terminals.^[18]

Rolling stock

The first cars started operating in 1974, the same year the company's commercial activities were initiated. This model was named A Stock, whose cars received the numbers of 1001 to 1306 (51 trains of 6 cars each). They were designed in United States by the Budd Company, and the national rolling stock manufacturer Mafersa did the final assembly. The model was based on the Class A trains from the Bay Area Rapid Transit system, even using the same Westinghouse 1460 series chopper traction controls, and was to be used along the north–south line, now known as Line 1 - Blue. The initially they operated with two car trains with cars added as demand increased, up to a maximum of six cars. All of them have a pair of electric motors and a cab.

Today, this stock is known as "A stock". The entire "A stock" was planned to be phased out by the beginning of 2015, as the recent modernization processes saw them being converted into two different stocks: I and J. The last A stock train was withdrawn from service in February 2018.^{[citation needed]}

To reduce the manufacturing costs, the Cobrasma company decided to provide, for the East-West Line, now Line 3. Trains had cabs only and made use of more advanced ventilation and maintenance systems. This stock was known by the name of "C". The batch of trains designed for this line were produced by two different national companies, Cobrasma and Mafersa (whose trains got named as "D"). The trains entered service between 1984 and 1986 on Line 3 and remained there for their entire service lives, although in their final years, some of the D stock trains were transferred to Line 1 where they ran with the older A stock trains.

The only difference between the two is the front mask and some structural framework. Their original technical nomenclature was 300. According to it, the C stock was numbered from 301 (C01) to 325 (C25), and the D stock had trains numbered from 326 (D26) to 347 (D47). The C stock trains were already refurbished as K stock and the D stock was refurbished and created the L cars. The refurbishment program for the entire stock of A, C and D trains was completed in 2018.

Today the rolling stock of the São Paulo Metro consists of 11 stocks, 232 trains^[17] and 1,419 cars^[19] and it is divided as follows:

E stock: Built by Alstom and entered service between 1998 and 1999. They currently operate on Line 1 - Blue.
F stock: Alstom trains specially built for Line 5 - Lilac between 2001 and 2002.
G stock: Also built by Alstom and entered service in 2008. They currently run on Lines 1 - Blue and 3 - Red.
H stock: Streamlined CAF-built trains built in 2010 which operate exclusively on Line 3 - Red since 2014.
I and J stock: Refurbished A stock trains which operate on Lines 1 - Blue and 2 - Green from 2011. They differ cosmetically as well as mechanically. I stock was rebuilt by Alstom and Siemens while J stock was rebuilt by Bombardier, Temoinsa, BTT and Tejofran.
K stock: Refurbished C stock trains rebuilt by a consortium consisting of T’trans, MTTrens, MPE and Temoinsa. They operate on Line 3 - Red just like the original trains.
L stock: D stock refurbished by Alstom and IESA and operates on Line 1 - Blue
M stock: The Monorail stock built by Bombardier between 2013 and 2016 and operates on Line 15 - Silver.
P stock: CAF-built trains from 2013 which run on Line 5 - Lilac alongside the former F stock.
400 series: Driverless trains built in 2009-2010 and 2016-2017 by Hyundai Rotem for Line 4 - Yellow^[20]

Security

Metro's security agents have police powers and in case of need they will provide assistance. All police matters that occur within the system are directed to the police station of the subway system, Delegacia de Polícia do Metropolitano de São Paulo (DELPOM), located at Palmeiras-Barra Funda station.^[21]

System lines

Line	Color	Termini	Opened	Length	Stations	Duration of trip (min)	Hours of Operation
Line 1	Blue	Tucuruvi ↔ Jabaquara	September 14, 1974	20.2 km (12.6 mi)^[22]	23	39	Daily (4:40 AM–0:32 AM)
Line 2	Green	Vila Madalena ↔ Vila Prudente	January 25, 1991	14.7 km (9.1 mi)^[22]	14	26	Daily (4:40 AM–0:32 AM)
Line 3	Red	Palmeiras-Barra Funda ↔ Corinthians-Itaquera	March 10, 1979	22.0 km (13.7 mi)^[22]	18	34	Daily (4:40 AM–0:32 AM)
Line 4^[23]	Yellow	Vila Sônia–Professora Elisabeth Tenreiro ↔ Luz	May 25, 2010	12.9 km (8.0 mi)^[24]	11	19	Daily (4:40 AM–0:32 AM)
Line 5^[25]	Lilac	Capão Redondo ↔ Chácara Klabin	October 20, 2002	19.9 km (12.4 mi)^[26]	17	35	Daily (4:40 AM–0:32 AM)
Line 15	Silver (Monorail)	Vila Prudente ↔ Jardim Colonial	August 30, 2014	14.7 km (9.1 mi)^[22]	11	21	Daily (4:40 AM–0:32 AM)

Future developments

Several conventional metro and monorail lines are currently under construction or under project.

Under Construction
Line	Color	Termini	Length	Stations
Line 2^[27]^[28]	Green (Expansion)	Vila Prudente ↔ Penha	8 km (5.0 mi)	8
Line 6^[29]	Orange	Brasilândia ↔ São Joaquim	13.4 km (8.3 mi)	15
Line 15^[30]	Silver (Monorail) (Expansion)	Jardim Colonial ↔ Jacu Pêssego	2.8 km (1.7 mi)	2
Line 15	Silver (Monorail) (Expansion)	Ipiranga ↔ Vila Prudente	1.8 km (1.1 mi)	1
Line 17^[31]	Gold (Monorail)	Morumbi ↔ Washington Luiz/Aeroporto de Congonhas	6.7 km (4.2 mi)	8

Planned
Line	Color	Termini	Length	Stations
Line 2^[27]	Green (Expansion)	Penha ↔ Dutra	5.8 km (3.6 mi)	5
Line 2^[27]	Green (Expansion)	Vila Madalena ↔ Cerro Corá	1.3 km (0.81 mi)	1
Line 4^[23]^[32]	Yellow (Expansion)	Vila Sônia–Professora Elisabeth Tenreiro ↔ Taboão da Serra	3.3 km (2.1 mi)	2
Line 5^[25]	Lilac (Expansion)	Capão Redondo ↔ Jardim Ângela	4.3 km (2.7 mi)	2
Line 5^[25]	Lilac (Expansion)	Chácara Klabin ↔ Ipiranga	3.6 km (2.2 mi)	3
Line 6^[33]	Orange (Expansion)	Brasilândia ↔ Velha Campinas	2.8 km (1.7 mi)	2
Line 6^[34]	Orange (Expansion)	São Joaquim ↔ São Carlos	3.8 km (2.4 mi)	4
Line 15	Silver (Monorail) (Expansion)	Jacu Pêssego ↔ Hospital Cidade Tiradentes	6.9 km (4.3 mi)	4
Line 16^[35]^[36]	Violet	Oscar Freire ↔ Cidade Tiradentes	32 km (20 mi)	25
Line 17^[31]	Gold (Monorail) (Expansion)	Morumbi ↔ São Paulo-Morumbi	6.8 km (4.2 mi)	5
Line 17^[31]	Gold (Monorail) (Expansion)	Washington Luiz ↔ Jabaquara	4 km (2.5 mi)	5
Line 19^[37]^[38]^[39]	Sky Blue	Bosque Maia ↔ Anhangabaú	15.8 km (9.8 mi)	15
Line 20^[38]^[36]	Pink	Santa Marina ↔ Santo André	30.2 km (18.8 mi)	24
Line 22^[40]^[41]^[42]^[36]^[43]^[44]^[45]	Brown	Cotia ↔ Sumaré	29 km (18 mi)	19

Cancelled
Line	Color	Termini	Length	Stations
Line 17^[46]	Gold (Monorail) (Expansion)	Aeroporto de Congonhas ↔ São Judas	3.8 km (2.4 mi)	2
Line 18^[47]^[48]	Bronze (Monorail)	Tamanduateí ↔ Estrada dos Alvarengas	20 km (12 mi)	19
Line 21^[35]	Gray	Pari ↔ Nordestina	21 km (13 mi)	12

Network Map

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e "Governo de SP entrega Estação Jardim Colonial da Linha 15-Prata do Metrô" (in Brazilian Portuguese). 29 December 2021. Retrieved 29 December 2021.
^ [1]
^ "UrbanRail.Net > South America > Brazil > São Paulo Metro". www.urbanrail.net. Retrieved 2021-09-12.
^ ^a ^b "Com demanda em alta, linhas de metrô já transportam mais de 5,3 milhões de pessoas por dia" [With rising demand, subway lines already transport more than 5.3 million people a day] (in Portuguese). metrocptm. 2019. Retrieved 2019-12-23.
^ "Mapa do Transporte Metropolitano" (PDF). Companhia do Metropolitano de São Paulo. August 2021. Retrieved 12 August 2021.
^ Expansion Archived January 30, 2010, at the Wayback Machine
^ Government of Sao Paulo State (30 January 2010). "Serra inaugura estação Sacomã do Metrô" [Governor Serra opens Metro station Sacoma] (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 25 December 2019.
^ "Serra inaugura estação Sacomã do Metrô". Governo do Estado de São Paulo (in Brazilian Portuguese). 2010-01-30. Retrieved 2021-09-12.
^ "Alstom entrega 1º trecho do CBTC da Linha 2 de SP" [Alstom delivers the 1st stretch of the CBTC of Line 2 of SP]. Archived from the original on 2018-06-23. Retrieved 2018-04-27.
^ "ViaQuatro | Seja Bem-vindo". www.viaquatro.com.br.
^ "Metrô São Paulo | Certificações do transporte metropolitano". www.metro.sp.gov.br.
^
* "9 Of The World's Best Subways (PHOTOS)". Huffington Post. April 12, 2010.
- "ABN+NEWS AGENCIA BRASILEIRA DE NOTICIAS - ABN NEWS BRAZILIAN NEWS AGENCY". Retrieved 7 February 2017.
- "Terrapinn - conference, exhibitions & industry awards". 1 May 2015. Archived from the original on 22 August 2012. Retrieved 7 February 2017.
- "Metrô - Companhia do Metropolitano de São Paulo". Retrieved 7 February 2017.
^ Falzon, Edward (2017-07-12). "Where are the world's best metro systems?". CNN. Retrieved 2024-02-17.
^ "This graphic compares the best public transportation systems around the world" (SHTML). Business Insider. 24 August 2015. Retrieved 5 April 2018.
^ Greg (2022-05-24). "The Best Metro Systems in the World". The Present Perspective. Retrieved 2024-02-17.
^ "Public Metro System of São Paulo – A guide for the tourist". concretejunglestour. 2019-08-23. Retrieved 2024-02-17.
^ ^a ^b "Relatório Integrado 2019" [Integrated Report 2019] (PDF) (in Portuguese). Companhia do Metropolitano de Sao Paulo. 2020. Retrieved 2020-05-22.
^ "Metrô - Companhia do Metropolitano de São Paulo". Retrieved 7 February 2017.
^ Includes 1,245 cars reported in February 2018 by the Metro, and additional 174 cars (29 trains) of Line 4 - Yellow.
^ "Linha 4-Amarela está prestes a receber novos trens". February 17, 2016.
^ "Metrô - Companhia do Metropolitano de São Paulo". Retrieved 7 February 2017.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "Infraestrutura" (PDF). Portal de transparência e governança corporativa da Companhia do Metropolitano de São Paulo. November 2019. Retrieved January 3, 2020.
^ ^a ^b "Obras de expansão da Linha 4-Amarela - Metrô São Paulo". Retrieved 7 February 2017.
^ "Sobre a Linha 4 Amarela | ViaQuatro". www.viaquatro.com.br. Retrieved 2020-01-04.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Obras de expansão da Linha 5-Lilás - Metrô São Paulo". Archived from the original on 27 July 2016. Retrieved 7 February 2017.
^ "ViaMobilidade completa 1 ano operando a Linha 5-Lilás". www.viamobilidade.com.br. Retrieved 2020-01-04.
^ ^a ^b ^c "ExpansãoSP". Archived from the original on October 15, 2009. Retrieved December 21, 2009.
^ Bertoloto, Bernardo (17 January 2020). "Governo anuncia retomada da expansão da Linha Verde do Metrô prometida para 2013" (in Portuguese). G1. Retrieved 19 January 2020.
^ "ExpansãoSP". Archived from the original on October 16, 2009. Retrieved December 21, 2009.
^ Lobo, Caio (2 February 2022). "Metrô assina contrato para construção de 2 novas estações e um segundo pátio da Linha 15". Metrô CPTM (in Portuguese). Retrieved 8 March 2022.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Obras de expansão da Linha 17-Ouro - Metrô São Paulo". Retrieved 7 February 2017.
^ Sioux, Maddox (7 February 2017). "Expansão São Paulo: Linha 4 Amarela viaQuatro". Retrieved 7 February 2017.
^ "Apresentações / Cresce Brasil e a Copa de 2014 / Cresce Brasil / FNE - FNE". 2014-01-18. Archived from the original on 18 January 2014. Retrieved 2021-12-07.
^ "Apresentações / Cresce Brasil e a Copa de 2014 / Cresce Brasil / FNE - FNE". 2014-01-18. Archived from the original on 18 January 2014. Retrieved 2021-12-07.
^ ^a ^b "Rede Metropolitana de Alta e Média Capacidade" (PDF). Retrieved 16 January 2019.
^ ^a ^b ^c SP, Márcio PinhoDo G1 (12 August 2012). "Metrô contrata estudos para três novas linhas na Zona Norte de SP". São Paulo (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 16 January 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
^ "PDUI-STM-RedeAltaMediaCapacidade-11-05-2016.pdf" (PDF). Retrieved 16 January 2019.
^ ^a ^b "SEMINÁRIO SOBRE INFRAESTRUTURA E SISTEMA VIÁRIO PARA A COPA 2014 E O DESENVOLVIMENTO DA ZONA LESTE" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016.
^ "Metrô contrata estudos para três linhas an zona norte de SP". 12 August 2012.
^ "Nova linha de Metrô entre Cotia e São Paulo?". 18 November 2018. Retrieved 16 January 2019.
^ "Quando o Metrô chegará a outra cidade da Grande São Paulo?". Metrô CPTM (in Brazilian Portuguese). 10 September 2016. Retrieved 16 January 2019.
^ "Metrô SP-Cotia: Projeto funcional da linha 22 está atrasado e terá aumento de estações". Jornal Cotia Agora. 17 August 2015. Retrieved 16 January 2019.
^ Lobo, Renato (29 March 2021). "Baldy diz que Linha 22 do Metrô terá projeto "replanejado"". Via Trólebus (in Portuguese). Retrieved 31 March 2021.
^ Jean Carlos (15 December 2021). "Metrô pode adotar VLT parcialmente na futura Linha 22-Marrom". Metrô CPTM (in Portuguese). Retrieved 15 December 2021.
^ Meier, Ricardo (2 September 2022). "Linha 22-Marrom, entre Cotia e a estação Sumaré, tem licitação de anteprojeto lançada". Metrô CPTM (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2 September 2022.
^ Lobo, Renato (25 June 2020). "A extensão cancelada do Monotrilho da Linha 17 até a estação São Judas" (in Portuguese). Via Trólebus. Retrieved 6 July 2020.
^ http://www.aeamesp.org.br/bblt/16s/d4programa.aspx Archived 2010-12-25 at the Wayback Machine Associação dos Engenheiros e Arquitetos do Metrô de S. Paulo - 16ª Semana da Tecnologia Metroferroviária - 16 de setembro de 2010, Palestra : Metroleve ABC-SP
^ Meier, Ricardo (3 July 2019). "Governo do estado cancela Linha 18-Bronze de metrô" (in Portuguese). Metrô CPTM. Retrieved 15 July 2019.

External links

São Paulo Metro website
Essential Network of São Paulo Metro (project of extension of the network to be ready by 2025) Archived 2020-07-20 at the Wayback Machine (in Portuguese)
CityMayors article

[govsp-1] "Governo de SP entrega Estação Jardim Colonial da Linha 15-Prata do Metrô" (in Brazilian Portuguese). 29 December 2021. Retrieved 29 December 2021.

[2] [1]

[3] "UrbanRail.Net > South America > Brazil > São Paulo Metro". www.urbanrail.net. Retrieved 2021-09-12.

[ridership-4] "Com demanda em alta, linhas de metrô já transportam mais de 5,3 milhões de pessoas por dia" [With rising demand, subway lines already transport more than 5.3 million people a day] (in Portuguese). metrocptm. 2019. Retrieved 2019-12-23.

[5] "Mapa do Transporte Metropolitano" (PDF). Companhia do Metropolitano de São Paulo. August 2021. Retrieved 12 August 2021.

[6] Expansion Archived January 30, 2010, at the Wayback Machine

[SacomaOpening-7] Government of Sao Paulo State (30 January 2010). "Serra inaugura estação Sacomã do Metrô" [Governor Serra opens Metro station Sacoma] (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 25 December 2019.

[8] "Serra inaugura estação Sacomã do Metrô". Governo do Estado de São Paulo (in Brazilian Portuguese). 2010-01-30. Retrieved 2021-09-12.

[9] "Alstom entrega 1º trecho do CBTC da Linha 2 de SP" [Alstom delivers the 1st stretch of the CBTC of Line 2 of SP]. Archived from the original on 2018-06-23. Retrieved 2018-04-27.

[10] "ViaQuatro | Seja Bem-vindo". www.viaquatro.com.br.

[11] "Metrô São Paulo | Certificações do transporte metropolitano". www.metro.sp.gov.br.

[12] * "9 Of The World's Best Subways (PHOTOS)". Huffington Post. April 12, 2010.
"ABN+NEWS AGENCIA BRASILEIRA DE NOTICIAS - ABN NEWS BRAZILIAN NEWS AGENCY". Retrieved 7 February 2017.

"Terrapinn - conference, exhibitions & industry awards". 1 May 2015. Archived from the original on 22 August 2012. Retrieved 7 February 2017.

"Metrô - Companhia do Metropolitano de São Paulo". Retrieved 7 February 2017.

[13] "ABN+NEWS AGENCIA BRASILEIRA DE NOTICIAS - ABN NEWS BRAZILIAN NEWS AGENCY". Retrieved 7 February 2017.

[14] "Terrapinn - conference, exhibitions & industry awards". 1 May 2015. Archived from the original on 22 August 2012. Retrieved 7 February 2017.

[15] "Metrô - Companhia do Metropolitano de São Paulo". Retrieved 7 February 2017.

[13] Falzon, Edward (2017-07-12). "Where are the world's best metro systems?". CNN. Retrieved 2024-02-17.

[14] "This graphic compares the best public transportation systems around the world" (SHTML). Business Insider. 24 August 2015. Retrieved 5 April 2018.

[15] Greg (2022-05-24). "The Best Metro Systems in the World". The Present Perspective. Retrieved 2024-02-17.

[16] "Public Metro System of São Paulo – A guide for the tourist". concretejunglestour. 2019-08-23. Retrieved 2024-02-17.

[2019anualRidership-17] "Relatório Integrado 2019" [Integrated Report 2019] (PDF) (in Portuguese). Companhia do Metropolitano de Sao Paulo. 2020. Retrieved 2020-05-22.

[18] "Metrô - Companhia do Metropolitano de São Paulo". Retrieved 7 February 2017.

[19] Includes 1,245 cars reported in February 2018 by the Metro, and additional 174 cars (29 trains) of Line 4 - Yellow.

[20] "Linha 4-Amarela está prestes a receber novos trens". February 17, 2016.

[21] "Metrô - Companhia do Metropolitano de São Paulo". Retrieved 7 February 2017.

[:0-22] "Infraestrutura" (PDF). Portal de transparência e governança corporativa da Companhia do Metropolitano de São Paulo. November 2019. Retrieved January 3, 2020.

[Line4-23] "Obras de expansão da Linha 4-Amarela - Metrô São Paulo". Retrieved 7 February 2017.

[24] "Sobre a Linha 4 Amarela | ViaQuatro". www.viaquatro.com.br. Retrieved 2020-01-04.

[Line5-25] "Obras de expansão da Linha 5-Lilás - Metrô São Paulo". Archived from the original on 27 July 2016. Retrieved 7 February 2017.

[26] "ViaMobilidade completa 1 ano operando a Linha 5-Lilás". www.viamobilidade.com.br. Retrieved 2020-01-04.

[expansao.sp.gov.br-27] "ExpansãoSP". Archived from the original on October 15, 2009. Retrieved December 21, 2009.

[28] Bertoloto, Bernardo (17 January 2020). "Governo anuncia retomada da expansão da Linha Verde do Metrô prometida para 2013" (in Portuguese). G1. Retrieved 19 January 2020.

[29] "ExpansãoSP". Archived from the original on October 16, 2009. Retrieved December 21, 2009.

[30] Lobo, Caio (2 February 2022). "Metrô assina contrato para construção de 2 novas estações e um segundo pátio da Linha 15". Metrô CPTM (in Portuguese). Retrieved 8 March 2022.

[sp.gov.br-31] "Obras de expansão da Linha 17-Ouro - Metrô São Paulo". Retrieved 7 February 2017.

[auto-32] Sioux, Maddox (7 February 2017). "Expansão São Paulo: Linha 4 Amarela viaQuatro". Retrieved 7 February 2017.

[33] "Apresentações / Cresce Brasil e a Copa de 2014 / Cresce Brasil / FNE - FNE". 2014-01-18. Archived from the original on 18 January 2014. Retrieved 2021-12-07.

[34] "Apresentações / Cresce Brasil e a Copa de 2014 / Cresce Brasil / FNE - FNE". 2014-01-18. Archived from the original on 18 January 2014. Retrieved 2021-12-07.

[auto1-35] "Rede Metropolitana de Alta e Média Capacidade" (PDF). Retrieved 16 January 2019.

[g1.globo.com-36] SP, Márcio PinhoDo G1 (12 August 2012). "Metrô contrata estudos para três novas linhas na Zona Norte de SP". São Paulo (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 16 January 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)

[37] "PDUI-STM-RedeAltaMediaCapacidade-11-05-2016.pdf" (PDF). Retrieved 16 January 2019.

[domboscoitaquera.org.br-38] "SEMINÁRIO SOBRE INFRAESTRUTURA E SISTEMA VIÁRIO PARA A COPA 2014 E O DESENVOLVIMENTO DA ZONA LESTE" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016.

[39] "Metrô contrata estudos para três linhas an zona norte de SP". 12 August 2012.

[40] "Nova linha de Metrô entre Cotia e São Paulo?". 18 November 2018. Retrieved 16 January 2019.

[41] "Quando o Metrô chegará a outra cidade da Grande São Paulo?". Metrô CPTM (in Brazilian Portuguese). 10 September 2016. Retrieved 16 January 2019.

[42] "Metrô SP-Cotia: Projeto funcional da linha 22 está atrasado e terá aumento de estações". Jornal Cotia Agora. 17 August 2015. Retrieved 16 January 2019.

[43] Lobo, Renato (29 March 2021). "Baldy diz que Linha 22 do Metrô terá projeto "replanejado"". Via Trólebus (in Portuguese). Retrieved 31 March 2021.

[44] Jean Carlos (15 December 2021). "Metrô pode adotar VLT parcialmente na futura Linha 22-Marrom". Metrô CPTM (in Portuguese). Retrieved 15 December 2021.

[45] Meier, Ricardo (2 September 2022). "Linha 22-Marrom, entre Cotia e a estação Sumaré, tem licitação de anteprojeto lançada". Metrô CPTM (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2 September 2022.

[46] Lobo, Renato (25 June 2020). "A extensão cancelada do Monotrilho da Linha 17 até a estação São Judas" (in Portuguese). Via Trólebus. Retrieved 6 July 2020.

[47] ttp://www.aeamesp.org.br/bblt/16s/d4programa.aspx Archived 2010-12-25 at the Wayback Machine Associação dos Engenheiros e Arquitetos do Metrô de S. Paulo - 16ª Semana da Tecnologia Metroferroviária - 16 de setembro de 2010, Palestra : Metroleve ABC-SP

[48] Meier, Ricardo (3 July 2019). "Governo do estado cancela Linha 18-Bronze de metrô" (in Portuguese). Metrô CPTM. Retrieved 15 July 2019.

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