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He was forced into exile during the presidency of Floriano Peixoto, as his economic policies while he was finance minister paved the way for a disaster in the Brazilian economy. After exile, Barbosa would run an extremely memorable campaign for the presidency, though it ultimately failed.
Early life
A depiction of Barbosa on a stamp
Rui Barbosa was born in Salvador, Bahia. He gave his first public speech for the abolition of slavery when he was 19. For the rest of his life he remained an uncompromising defender of civil liberties. Slavery in Brazil was finally abolished by the Lei Áurea ("Golden Law") in 1888. Part of Barbosa's legacy to history is that he authorised, as Minister of Finance on 14 December 1890, the destruction of most government records relating to slavery.[3] The avowed reason for this destruction, which took several years to be enacted and was followed by his successors, was to erase the "stain" of slavery on Brazilian history.[4] However, historians today agree that Barbosa aimed to prevent any possible indemnification of the former slave-owners for this liberation.[4] Indeed, eleven days after the abolition of slavery, a law project was deposed at the Chamber, proposing some indemnification to the slave owners.[4]
Barbosa's liberal ideas were influential in drafting of the first republican constitution. He was a supporter of fiat money, as opposed to a gold standard, in Brazil. During his term as finance secretary, he implemented far-reaching reforms of Brazil's financial regime, instituting a vigorously expansionist monetary policy. The result was chaos and instability: the so-called fiat experiment resulted in the bubble of encilhamento, a dismal politic-economic failure. Due to his controversial role during it, in the following administration of Floriano Peixoto, he was forced into exile until Floriano's term ended. Years later, after his return he was elected as a Senator. He headed the Brazilian delegation to the 2nd Hague Conference and was brilliant in its deliberations. As candidate of the Civilian Party in the presidential election of 1910, Barbosa waged one of the most memorable campaigns in Brazilian politics. He was not successful and lost to Marshal Hermes da Fonseca. He ran again in the elections of 1914 and 1919, both times losing to the government candidate.
^ abcvan Deursen, Felipe, Escravos: povo marcado, Aventuras na História (in Portuguese), BR: Abril, archived from the original on 12 October 2009, retrieved 23 October 2009.
^Cardim, Carlos Henrique (2007) A raiz das coisas. Rui Barbosa: o Brasil no Mundo (The root of things. Rui Barbosa: Brazil in the World) (in Portuguese) Civilização Brasileira. ISBN9788520008355. pp. 15, 19, 22.
Bibliography
Turner, CW (2005) [1945], Rui Barbosa: Brazilian crusader for the essential freedoms, New York: Kessinger Publishing, ISBN1-419-10424-1, originally by Abingdon-Cokesbury Press.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ruy Barbosa.
Mendes Silva, Professor Raul, "Haia: Rui Barbosa e a delegação brasileira à segunda conferência de paz" [The Hague: Rui Barbosa and the Brazilian Delegation to the Second Peace Conference], Missões de Paz [Peace Missions] (in Portuguese), Brazil: Ministério das Relações Exteriores, archived from the original on 23 December 2007.
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