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Rumex palustris
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Order:	Caryophyllales
Family:	Polygonaceae
Genus:	Rumex
Species:	R. palustris
Binomial name
	Rumex palustris; Sm.

Rumex palustris, or marsh dock,^[1] is a plant species of the genus Rumex, found in Europe. The species is a dicot belonging to the family Polygonaceae. The species epithet palustris is Latin for "of the marsh" which indicates its common habitat.^[2]

Description

Rumex palustris is an herb that can be perennial, biennial, or annual.^[3] The stem is upwardly inclined and bears sparse hairy protuberances.^[4] The stem is less than one meter tall. The branch attachment is alternate. The basal leaves are lanceolate; they are broader in the middle and taper to a pointed end. The cauline leaves are also lanceolate. The inflorescence consists of whorls with reddish-brown flowers. The root is wider at the middle and tapers towards the end.

This species' diploid number is 60.^[5]

Taxonomy

The species name was first mentioned by Leonard Plukenet, based on a collection made by Isaac Rand.^[6] The authority of the accepted description, Rumex palustris, was James Edward Smith, in Fl. Brit. volume 1, on page 394 in 1800.^[7]^[8]

Subspecies

Rumex palustris uliginosus^[9]
Rumex palustris maritimus^[10]

Habitat and distribution

Rumex palustris can be found in wetlands such as moist meadows, marshes, lake shores and the shallow edges of streams. It is native to Europe and is concentrated in the Southeastern and Middle parts of the continent.^[11] The species was also introduced to America; it now grows in California and New Jersey.^[12]

Uses

Rumex palustris is used as a model organism for research.^[13] Most studies involve flood-resistance in Rumex palustris due to its unique mechanism to elongate in an effort to outgrow submergence.^[14]^[15] When flooded, Rumex palustris is able to elongate its petioles in order to emerge from the surface of the water.^[16] This mechanism is a beneficial adaptation for Rumex palustris to survive its wetland habitat and is being studied for research on plant stress resistance.^[17]

References

^ BSBI List 2007 (xls). Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original (xls) on 26 June 2015. Retrieved 17 October 2014.
^ Archibald William Smith A Gardener's Handbook of Plant Names: Their Meanings and Origins, p. 258, at Google Books
^ NRCS. "Rumex palustris". PLANTS Database. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 26 October 2015.
^ Dawson, J.E. 1979. A biosystematic study of Rumex section Rumex in Canada and the United States.Ph.D. thesis. Carleton University, Ottawa.
^ Strid, A.; Andersson, I.A. (1985). "Chromosome numbers of Greek mountain plants. An annotated list of 115 species". Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie. 1–127, 1881–2009 – via Tropicos.
^ Boulger, George Simonds (1896). "Rand, Isaac" . In Lee, Sidney (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 47. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
^ "Rumex palustris Sm. is an accepted name". theplantlist.org. 23 March 2012. Retrieved 10 October 2017.
^ "Polygonaceae Rumex palustris Sm". ipni.org. Retrieved 10 October 2017.
^ Registry-Migration.Gbif.Org (2019). "GBIF Backbone Taxonomy". GBIF Secretariat. doi:10.15468/39omei. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
^ Gargominy, Olivier (2020). "Checklist". TAXREF. UMS PatriNat (AFB-CNRS-MNHN), Paris. doi:10.15468/vqueam.
^ "Rumex palustris Sm". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 6 October 2019.
^ "Plants Profile for Rumex palustris (marsh dock)". plants.usda.gov. Retrieved 6 October 2019.
^ Peeters, Anton J.M.; Cox, Marjolein C.H.; Benschop, Joris J.; Vreeburg, Robert A.M.; Bou, Jordi; Voesenek, Laurentius A.C.J. (1 March 2002). "Submergence research using Rumex palustris as a model; looking back and going forward". Journal of Experimental Botany. 53 (368): 391–398. doi:10.1093/jexbot/53.368.391. ISSN 1460-2431. PMID 11847236.
^ Vriezen, Wim H.; De Graaf, Barend; Mariani, Celestina; Voesenek, Laurentius A. C. J. (16 May 2000). "Submergence induces expansin gene expression in flooding-tolerant Rumex palustris and not in flooding-intolerant R. acetosa". Planta. 210 (6): 956–963. doi:10.1007/s004250050703. ISSN 0032-0935. PMID 10872228. S2CID 10963037.
^ Cox, Marjolein C.H.; Benschop, Joris J.; Vreeburg, Robert A.M.; Wagemaker, Cornelis A.M.; Moritz, Thomas; Peeters, Anton J.M.; Voesenek, Laurentius A.C.J. (October 2004). "The Roles of Ethylene, Auxin, Abscisic Acid, and Gibberellin in the Hyponastic Growth of Submerged Rumex palustris Petioles". Plant Physiology. 136 (2): 2948–2960. doi:10.1104/pp.104.049197. ISSN 0032-0889. PMC 523357. PMID 15466223.
^ Voesenek, L. a. C. J.; Benschop, J. J.; Bou, J.; Cox, M. C. H.; Groeneveld, H. W.; Millenaar, F. F.; Vreeburg, R. a. M.; Peeters, A. J. M. (2 January 2003). "Interactions Between Plant Hormones Regulate Submergence-induced Shoot Elongation in the Flooding-tolerant Dicot Rumex palustris". Annals of Botany. 91 (2): 205–211. doi:10.1093/aob/mcf116. ISSN 0305-7364. PMC 4244986. PMID 12509341.
^ van Veen, H.; Mustroph, A.; Barding, G. A.; Vergeer-van Eijk, M.; Welschen-Evertman, R. A. M.; Pedersen, O.; Visser, E. J. W.; Larive, C. K.; Pierik, R.; Bailey-Serres, J.; Voesenek, L. A. C. J. (1 November 2013). "Two Rumex Species from Contrasting Hydrological Niches Regulate Flooding Tolerance through Distinct Mechanisms". The Plant Cell. 25 (11): 4691–4707. doi:10.1105/tpc.113.119016. ISSN 1040-4651. PMC 3875744. PMID 24285788.

[BSBI07-1] BSBI List 2007 (xls). Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original (xls) on 26 June 2015. Retrieved 17 October 2014.

[2] Archibald William Smith A Gardener's Handbook of Plant Names: Their Meanings and Origins, p. 258, at Google Books

[3] NRCS. "Rumex palustris". PLANTS Database. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 26 October 2015.

[4] Dawson, J.E. 1979. A biosystematic study of Rumex section Rumex in Canada and the United States.Ph.D. thesis. Carleton University, Ottawa.

[5] Strid, A.; Andersson, I.A. (1985). "Chromosome numbers of Greek mountain plants. An annotated list of 115 species". Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie. 1–127, 1881–2009 – via Tropicos.

[:0-6] Boulger, George Simonds (1896). "Rand, Isaac" . In Lee, Sidney (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 47. London: Smith, Elder & Co.

[:1-7] "Rumex palustris Sm. is an accepted name". theplantlist.org. 23 March 2012. Retrieved 10 October 2017.

[ipni-8] "Polygonaceae Rumex palustris Sm". ipni.org. Retrieved 10 October 2017.

[9] Registry-Migration.Gbif.Org (2019). "GBIF Backbone Taxonomy". GBIF Secretariat. doi:10.15468/39omei. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

[10] Gargominy, Olivier (2020). "Checklist". TAXREF. UMS PatriNat (AFB-CNRS-MNHN), Paris. doi:10.15468/vqueam.

[11] "Rumex palustris Sm". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 6 October 2019.

[12] "Plants Profile for Rumex palustris (marsh dock)". plants.usda.gov. Retrieved 6 October 2019.

[13] Peeters, Anton J.M.; Cox, Marjolein C.H.; Benschop, Joris J.; Vreeburg, Robert A.M.; Bou, Jordi; Voesenek, Laurentius A.C.J. (1 March 2002). "Submergence research using Rumex palustris as a model; looking back and going forward". Journal of Experimental Botany. 53 (368): 391–398. doi:10.1093/jexbot/53.368.391. ISSN 1460-2431. PMID 11847236.

[14] Vriezen, Wim H.; De Graaf, Barend; Mariani, Celestina; Voesenek, Laurentius A. C. J. (16 May 2000). "Submergence induces expansin gene expression in flooding-tolerant Rumex palustris and not in flooding-intolerant R. acetosa". Planta. 210 (6): 956–963. doi:10.1007/s004250050703. ISSN 0032-0935. PMID 10872228. S2CID 10963037.

[15] Cox, Marjolein C.H.; Benschop, Joris J.; Vreeburg, Robert A.M.; Wagemaker, Cornelis A.M.; Moritz, Thomas; Peeters, Anton J.M.; Voesenek, Laurentius A.C.J. (October 2004). "The Roles of Ethylene, Auxin, Abscisic Acid, and Gibberellin in the Hyponastic Growth of Submerged Rumex palustris Petioles". Plant Physiology. 136 (2): 2948–2960. doi:10.1104/pp.104.049197. ISSN 0032-0889. PMC 523357. PMID 15466223.

[16] Voesenek, L. a. C. J.; Benschop, J. J.; Bou, J.; Cox, M. C. H.; Groeneveld, H. W.; Millenaar, F. F.; Vreeburg, R. a. M.; Peeters, A. J. M. (2 January 2003). "Interactions Between Plant Hormones Regulate Submergence-induced Shoot Elongation in the Flooding-tolerant Dicot Rumex palustris". Annals of Botany. 91 (2): 205–211. doi:10.1093/aob/mcf116. ISSN 0305-7364. PMC 4244986. PMID 12509341.

[17] van Veen, H.; Mustroph, A.; Barding, G. A.; Vergeer-van Eijk, M.; Welschen-Evertman, R. A. M.; Pedersen, O.; Visser, E. J. W.; Larive, C. K.; Pierik, R.; Bailey-Serres, J.; Voesenek, L. A. C. J. (1 November 2013). "Two Rumex Species from Contrasting Hydrological Niches Regulate Flooding Tolerance through Distinct Mechanisms". The Plant Cell. 25 (11): 4691–4707. doi:10.1105/tpc.113.119016. ISSN 1040-4651. PMC 3875744. PMID 24285788.

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PROFILPELAJAR.COM

Rumex palustris

Description

Taxonomy

Subspecies

Habitat and distribution

Uses

References

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