A smaller part of Rozhanovce is located on flat land and a larger part in a hilly area rising from the west to the east. The center of the village lies at an altitude of 215 metres (705 ft). The area of the municipality is 22.2 square kilometres (8.6 sq mi). The best view of this village is from the west.
In historical records, the village was first mentioned in 1270. Rozhanovce is best known for the Battle of Rozgony (June 15, 1312), in which King Charles I of Hungary decisively defeated the Amadé Aba family (Slovak: Omodejovci), who were supported by the troops of Matthew III Csák (Slovak: Matúš Čák). Both Aba and Csák were de facto rulers in Upper Hungary (today parts of Hungary, Slovakia and Ukraine).