Rowland E. Trowbridge
Commissioner of Indian Affairs
In office 1880–1881
President	Rutherford B. Hayes
Preceded by	Ezra A. Hayt
Succeeded by	Hiram Price
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Michigan's 4th district
In office March 4, 1861 – March 3, 1863
Preceded by	De Witt C. Leach
Succeeded by	Francis W. Kellogg
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Michigan's 5th district
In office March 4, 1865 – March 4, 1869
Preceded by	Augustus C. Baldwin
Succeeded by	Omar D. Conger
Personal details
Born	(1821-06-18)June 18, 1821 Michigan
Died	April 20, 1881(1881-04-20) (aged 59)
Political party	Republican

Rowland Ebenezer Trowbridge (June 18, 1821 – April 20, 1881) was an American politician from Michigan. A United States congressman from Michigan's 4th congressional district from 1861 to 1863 and again from 1865 to 1869, he worked on agricultural policy and was chairman of the Committee on Agriculture during the 40th United States Congress.

For most of his life he remained a farmer but resumed a role in federal politics from 1880 to 1881 as commissioner of Indian Affairs for President Rutherford B. Hayes.

Trowbridge was born in Horseheads, New York to Stephen Van Rensselaer Trowbridge (1794–1859) and Elizabeth Conkling (1797–1873) In the first year of his life, he moved with his parents and siblings in 1821 to Oakland County, Michigan, where his family settled a farm in present-day Troy.^[1] He had eleven siblings, including mechanical engineer and general William Petit Trowbridge (1828–1892), and fellow general Luther Stephen Trowbridge (1836–1912).

Trowbridge attended Kenyon College in Gambier, Ohio, where befriended future U.S. President Rutherford B. Hayes and future Supreme Court Associate Justice Stanley Matthews, and graduated in 1841.^[2] Problems with his vision forced him to halt his ambitions for a career in law.^[2]

Returning to farming after graduation, he settled in Thorndale, Michigan, in 1848 and began a political career as town supervisor.^[2] In 1851 he returned to his parents' county as a farmer and became a member of the Michigan Senate, serving from 1856 to 1860 from Bloomfield, Michigan. He married Mary Ann Satterlee in 1851, with whom he had four children: Susan Elisabeth (1852), Stephen Van Rensselaer (1855), Tillman Conklin (1857), and Samuel Satterlee (1860).^[2] They moved to Mary Ann's hometown of Birmingham, Michigan, in 1860, trading the Bloomfield farm for a mill there.^[2]

The same year, Trowbridge was elected as a Republican from Michigan's 4th congressional district to the 37th United States Congress, serving from March 4, 1861, to March 3, 1863.^[3] After redistricting as a result of the 1860 census, Trowbridge ran as a candidate in the newly created 5th congressional district in 1862, losing to Democrat Augustus C. Baldwin. In 1864, Trowbridge defeated Baldwin to be elected to the 39th Congress, and was reelected in 1866 to the 40th Congress, serving from March 4, 1865, to March 3, 1869.^[3] He served as chairman of the Committee on Agriculture during the 40th Congress.^[3] He was an unsuccessful candidate for re-nomination,^[3] and returned to life in farming, purchasing a farm in Lansing in 1873.^[2]

Trowbridge's political career briefly resumed in the last few years of his life, when his college friend Rutherford Hayes was elected President of the United States. He served as commissioner of Indian Affairs under Hayes in 1880 and 1881.^[2]

He died in Birmingham, Michigan, and is interred there in Greenwood Cemetery.^[3]

• Rowland E. Trowbridge at Find a Grave