The Diocese of Valence (–Die–Saint-Paul-Trois-Châteaux) (Latin: Dioecesis Valentinensis (–Diensis–Sancti Pauli Tricastinorum); French: Diocèse de Valence (–Die–Saint-Paul-Trois-Châteaux) is a Latin Church diocese of the Catholic Church in southern France.[1] The contemporary diocese is co-extensive with the department of Drôme.
Christianity was preached in Valence c. 200, by disciples of Irenaeus of Lyon, but the bishopric is first attested in 347, when Bishop Aemilianus attended the council of Sardica.[2]
The Cathedral of Valence was originally dedicated to the martyrs Pope Cornelius (251–253) and Bishop Cyprianus of Carthage (248–258).[3]), and, on 5 August 1095, during his visit to France to rouse up the aristocracy for a Crusade to liberate the Holy Land, Pope Urban II rededicated the cathedral to the Virgin Mary and the martyrs Cornelius and Cyprian.[4] The dedication to Saint Apollinaire was added later.[5] The Cathedral was administered by a corporation called the Chapter, which consisted of three dignities (a Dean, a Provost, the Archdeacon, the Theologian) fourteen Canons, and the Abbot of S. Felix.[6]
According to Matthew of Paris,[7] Guillaume de Savoy, the procurator of the Church of Valence, left for England in 1236. His niece, Eleanor of Provence, married King Henry III of England on 14 January 1236, and Guillaume was made a principal advisor of the king. At the parliament which met in London in April 1236, however, the Savoyards were the subject of criticism, and Guillaume left England, visited his niece Margaret of Provence, the queen of France, and by 25 June he was back in Savoy, at Chillon.[8] He returned to England in 1237, and was present in York at the signing of the treaty between Scotland and England on 25 September 1237, negotiated by the papal legate Otho Candidus.[9] Shortly thereafter, he joined the expedition of Henri de Trubeville sent by Henry III to assist his brother-in-law, Frederick II, at Milan. Guillaume met the emperor at Brescia, and obtained from him a confirmation of all the ancient privileges of the diocese of Valence, and investiture with the regalian rights belonging to the diocese.[10]
When Bishop Pierre des Roches of Winchester died on 9 June 1238, King Henry wished the electors to choose his uncle, Guillaume de Savoy as the next bishop, but the electors voted instead for Guillaume de Rale. The king immediately voided the election. The monks then elected the bishop of Chichester, Ralph de Neville, and the king again voided the election. The king then demanded that the pope appoint Guillaume by papal bull. Gregory IX was happy to do so, because it would please the king and because it would detach the House of Savoy from the party of Frederick II.[11]
Guillaume de Savoy left England permanently shortly after January 1238.[12] On 1 May 1238, the bishop of Liège, Joannes de Rumigny, died.[13] Cardinal Otho, the papal legate in England, immediately wrote to the canons, recommending that they elect Guillaume de Savoy.[14] The cathedral Chapter met on 23 (or 25) June 1238, and elected Otho, the Provost of Aix-la-chapelle, to the vacant seat. Guillaume's brother Thomas brought up troops, and drove the opposition away. They then appealed to the pope.[15] On 18 November 1238,[16] and again on 23 January 1239, Pope Gregory IX ordered inquiries,[17] and on 29 May 1239, he issued a bull granting the dioceses of Liège, Winchester, and Valence to Guillaume of Savoy.[18]
In mid-August 1239, Guillaume, his brother Count Amadeus IV, the Marquis de Lancia, and the seneschal of the Dauphiné set out for Italy with an army.[19] Having met with the pope, and briefed him on the disordered state of the diocese of Valence, Guillaume was appointed by Pope Gregory as leader of the papal army against Frederick II. He died at Viterbo on 1 September 1239, apparently of poison.[20] On 6 December 1239, Bishop Geroldus of Valence, Patriarch of Jerusalem since 1225,[21] died in Jerusalem.[22]
In arranging for his own bulls for Winchester and Liège, Guillaume de Savoy also obtained from Gregory IX the concession that one of his brothers would succeed him in Valence.[23] It is almost universally agreed that this brother was Boniface de Savoy.[24] Jules Chavalier points out, however, that the grant of Gregory IX does not name a particular brother, and that there is no document that names Boniface in connection with Valence,[25] neither as bishop-elect nor as administrator nor as procurator. The bull of his appointment as archbishop of Canterbury names him only as bishop-elect of Belley.[26]
In mid-August 1242, Boniface's brother Philippe was in Bordeaux with King Henry III and his niece Queen Eleanor; he returned with the royal couple to England in September.[27] In a marriage contract, confirmed on 6 December 1242, the guarantors include Boniface, elect of Belley, and Philippe, elect of Valence.[28] Barthélémy Hauréau has pointed out, however, that Philippe had not been canonically elected bishop; papal documents referred to him as procurator.[29] In spring 1244, Philippe petitioned the new pope, Innocent IV (Fieschi), to absolve him from the responsibility for the church of Valence (ipsum absolvere a cura praefatae ecclesiae) so that he could attend a university. The pope agreed to absolve him, and ordered the archbishop of Vienne to have the Chapter of the cathedral of Valence to conduct a canonical election of a new bishop. Nothing came of the permission to pursue education or the mandate to elect a bishop.[30]
In the last week of November 1244, Philippe, the procurator of Valence, escorted Pope Innocent, who was fleeing Frederick II, from Savoy to Lyon, where he remained to guard the pope during the Council of Lyon (26 June–17 July 1245).[31] After the council had concluded, Archbishop Aimery, the Primate of Lyon, requested that the pope allow him to retire, which the pope, very reluctantly, after pleading with him to change his mind, allowed his request.[32] Innocent IV appointed Philippe de Savoie administrator of the diocese of Lyon, while allowing him to retain his position in the diocese of Valence as well as his benefices in England and Flanders.[33] On 30 October 1246, he styles himself Nos Ph(ilippus), Dei gratia prime Lugdunensis ecclesiae electus;[34] and on 18 December 1246, he is referred to as Valentiae electus by one of his officials.[35]
On 5 December 1248, a church council was held in Valence, presided over by Cardinal Petrus, Bishop of Albano, and Cardinal Hugh, Cardinal-priest of Santa Sabina, and including the metropolitan archbishops of Narbonne, Vienne, Arles, and Aix, and fifteen bishops; the bishop-elect of Valence is not named. The council promulgated 23 canons.[36]
On 5 March 1250, King Henry III of England appointed Bishop-elect Philippe de Savoie as his plenipotentiary to negotiate an extension of the truce between England and France.[37]
In 1266, the new pope, Clement IV, who had been legal advisor to Count Raymond of Toulouse and to King Louis IX and was later archbishop of Narbonne,[38] undertook to restore civil and ecclesiastical order in Valence.[39] He wrote a letter to the archbishops of Embrun and Tarentaise, instructing them to inform the Chapter of the cathedral of Valence that Philippe de Savoie had voluntarily resigned the diocese of Valence.[40] They were ordered to take charge of the accounts of his heavily indebted administration, and within three months the diocesan electors were to choose someone who was worthy of being bishop.[41]
When the electors met, they chose to appoint a committee to choose the candidate: the dean of the Chapter, the provost of Bourg, and the abbot of S. Felix. They chose Guy de Montlaur, the dean of Le Puy, and the dean of Valence announced the name in the Chapter. But opposition arose from the Provost Roger de Clérieu and others, and they appealed to the pope. The majority and their candidate applied to the metropolitan in Vienne for confirmation, but, since the seat was vacant, the Chapter of Vienne took it upon themselves to ratify the election. This too was appealed to the pope. Clement IV spent some time in consultation with his cardinals, and eventually voided the election on 6 October 1268.[42] The Provost Roger de Clérieu appealed to Pope Clement to declare his acts void in accordance with the bull of 6 October 1268.[43] The pope died on 29 November 1268, setting off a papal election that lasted two years and nine months. Guy functioned as administrator, with the approval of Pope Clement, and his administratorship was continued by Pope Gregory X.[44] Having been refused its choice, the Chapter of Valence conducted another election and chose Archbishop Bertrand of Arles, but there was no pope in office to authorize his transfer.[45] Bishop-elect Guy de Montlaur was already dead by 30 September 1275, the day on which Pope Gregory X appointed Abbot Amadeus of Savigny to be bishop of Valence.[46]
In a letter of 14 May 1239, to the archbishops of Vienne and Embrun, Pope Gregory IX broached the subject of uniting the two dioceses of Valence and Die, which were contiguous, only 42 km (26 mi) apart, but were also in two different ecclesiastical provinces. As had been reported to him, both the nobles and the general populace were repeatedly out of control, sometimes causing people to flee into exile. The two archbishops were ordered to inquire as to the necessity and feasibility of combining the dioceses in order to establish greater ecclesiastical control of their insolence.[47] Nothing came of the project, since Gregory became fully engaged in the consequences of the Emperor Frederick's gaining complete control of northern and central Italy; Gregory died on 22 August 1241.[48][49]
Pope Gregory X visited Valence on 13 September 1275, and stayed there for several days.[50] Two weeks later he was in Vienne, where, on 30 September 1275, he signed the bull "Valentiniensem et Diensem."[51] The bull repeated verbatim the complaints of Gregory IX's letter of 1239, and then ordered that the two dioceses be united permanently under one bishop. When a vacancy occurred, the canons of both cathedrals should meet together as one college, in alternate places, beginning with Valence. There was to be no change in canonries, prebends, or revenues. The metropolitan was to be the archbishop of Vienne.[52]
In the Great Western Schism (1378–1417), the Bishops of Valence-et-Die were all appointed by and were loyal to the popes of the Avignon Obedience.
The University of Valence was founded by the Dauphin Louis, by letters patent granted on 26 July 1452. The bishops of Valence were ex officio grand chancellors of the university.[53] Louis took care to enlist the support of the papacy, sending an ambassador who obtained a bull from Pope Pius II, dated 3 May 1459, for the canonical erection of a university at Valence.[54] There was a faculty of law, with four chairs; a faculty of theology, with two chairs; and a faculty of medicine, with two chairs, and then only one.[55]
Pope Pius VI, who had been taken prisoner and deported from Italy by troops of the French Directory, was imprisoned in the fortress of Valence. Imprisonment was the idea of the directors of the département de Drôme.[56] On 22 July 1799, the Directorate of the French Republic ordered that the pope be brought to Dijon by way of Lyon,[57] but a doctor of Valence certified that the pope was ill, and that his departure had to be deferred. He was sufficiently recovered to participate in the ceremonies of the Feast of the Assumption (15 August), but the next day his health suddenly worsened.[58] After six weeks in Valence he died, on the morning of 29 August 1799, at the age of 81.[59] His body was buried in the chapel,[60] On 30 December 1799, a discussion was held in Paris by the Consuls of the French Republic, resulting in a decision to repudiate any responsibility and to order a public funeral. On 2 January 1800, the Minister of the Interior, Lucien Bonaparte, wrote to the administrators of the departement of Drôme, ordering a public funeral and a simple monument; the funeral took place on 30 January. On 2 December 1801, First Consul Bonaparte gave orders allowing the remains to given to Monsignor Giuseppe Spina, Archbishop of Corinth, to be taken to Rome from Valence "with decency but without pomp," in the words of Talleyrand. The pope's heart, however, was retained in Valence.[61]
On 29 November 1801, in the concordat of 1801 between the French Consulate, headed by First Consul Napoleon Bonaparte, and Pope Pius VII, the bishopric of Valence and all the other dioceses were suppressed. This removed all the contaminations and novelties introduced by the Constitutiona Church.[62] The pope then recreated the French ecclesiastical order, respecting in most ways the changes introduced during the Revolution, including the reduction in the number of archdioceses and dioceses. In 1801, when the archdiocese of Vienne was suppressed, the archdiocese of Lyon became the metropolitan of the diocese of Valence.[63] The diocese of Saint-Paul-trois-châteaux (Tricastrensis), which had been a suffragan of the archdiocese of Arles, was also suppressed on 29 November 1801,[64] and its territory incorporated into the diocese of Valence.
44°56′N 4°53′E / 44.93°N 4.89°E / 44.93; 4.89
Man of the Hawaiian Islands, 1852. This picture depicts a man carrying an aumaka (pole), bearing the burden of balancing calabashes holding poi, vegetable, fowl, or pork for sale. This was a common sight to see on the islands at this time in history.[1][failed verification] The 1852 Constitution of the Hawaiian Kingdom, written in both English and Hawaiian, was constructed by King Kamehameha III. The purpose of its construction was to not only revise, but add to the 1840 Constitu…
English electronic music duo This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Ultramarine band – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (September 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) UltramarineUltramarine performing at Axis, Boston, Massachusetts, United States, on 3 December 19…
Roti bakarSepiring roti bakar.JenisRoti lapisSajianSarapan, makanan ringanTempat asalIndonesiaDaerahSeluruh negeriDibuat olehIndonesia Roti bakar adalah sebuah roti lapis khas Indonesia yang dibakar, yang terdiri dari dua potong roti dan isian, seperti gula, margarin, mentega, meses, selai coklat, keju, selai kacang, selai stroberi, serikaya atau nutella. Hidangan tersebut dijadikan sebagai sarapan cepat alternatif dan umum dikenal sebagai makanan jalanan. Saat ini, roti bakar memiliki berbagai …
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2023年 9月(長月) 日 月 火 水 木 金 土 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 365日 各月 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 9月19日(くがつじゅうくにち)は、グレゴリオ暦で年始から262日目(閏年では263日目)にあたり、年末まであと103日ある。 できごと 1356年、ポワティエの戦い 634年 - アラブ・東ローマ戦争: ダマスクス包囲戦(英語版)終了。正統カリフ率い
French poet and historian Claude Carloman de Rulhière French and Francophone literature by category History Medieval Renaissance 17th 18th 19th 20th century Contemporary Movements Précieuses Classicism Decadent Parnassianism Symbolism Nouveau roman Writers Chronological list Writers by category Essayists Novelists Playwrights Poets Short story writers Children's writers Countries and regions France Quebec Franco-American Haiti Postcolonial Portals France Literature vte Claude-Carloman de Rulhi…
Ben Dale Área no incorporada Coordenadas 39°00′56″N 80°28′38″O / 39.0156, -80.4772Entidad Área no incorporada • País Estados UnidosAltitud • Media 1033 m s. n. m.Huso horario UTC-05:00 y Horario del este de Norteamérica[editar datos en Wikidata] Ben Dale es un área no incorporada ubicada dentro del Distrito Courthouse-Collins Settlement, una división civil menor del condado de Lewis (Virginia Occidental), Estados Unidos.[1]R…
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اضغط هنا للاطلاع على كيفية قراءة التصنيف باتراشوستوما المرتبة التصنيفية جنس[1][2] التصنيف العلمي المملكة: حيوان الشعبة: حبليات الطائفة: طائر الرتبة: سبديات الفصيلة: فم الضفدع الجنس: باتراشوستوما الاسم العلمي Batrachostomus[1][3] جون غولد ، 1838 تعديل …
جيلينيا جورا (بالبولندية: Jelenia Góra)(بالبيلاروسية: Гіршберг)(بالألمانية: Hirschberg)(بالإنجليزية: Hirschberg)(بالفرنسية: Hirschberg)(بالإسبانية: Hirschberg)(بالتشيكية: Jelení Hora) جيلينيا جورا جيلينيا جورا خريطة الموقع تقسيم إداري البلد بولندا [1][2] عاصمة لـ Karkonosze Cou…
Labour politician and life peer Official Portrait Rita Margaret Donaghy, Baroness Donaghy, CBE, FRSA (born 9 October 1944) is a British university administrator, trade unionist and Labour life peer in the House of Lords. A graduate of the University of Durham, Donaghy worked at the Institute of Education, University of London, as an Assistant Registrar and later as Permanent Secretary to the Students' Union. She became active in the trade union NALGO, becoming a member of its National Executive …
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لمعانٍ أخرى، طالع دوغلاس (توضيح). دوغلاس الإحداثيات 42°03′15″N 71°44′24″W / 42.054166666667°N 71.74°W / 42.054166666667; -71.74 تاريخ التأسيس 1721 تقسيم إداري البلد الولايات المتحدة[1] التقسيم الأعلى مقاطعة ورسستر خصائص جغرافية المساحة 37.7 ميل مربع ا
莉比Libby 辛茜娅·沃特罗斯飾演Libby 首次於島上出現 “漂流” 最後於島上出現 “?” 擔任中心人物劇集 “戴維” 首次於回憶中出現 最後於回憶中出現 個人資料 姓名 伊丽莎白·「莉比」Elizabeth Libby 年齡 未知 來自 未知 職業 聲稱是臨床心理學家 在澳洲的原因 未知 前往洛杉磯的原因 未知 演員 辛茜娅·沃特罗斯Cynthia Watros 伊丽莎白·「莉比」(Elizabeth Libby),是美國廣播公
Jadwiga Jankowska-CieślakLahir15 Februari 1951 (umur 72)Gdańsk, PolandiaPekerjaanPemeranTahun aktif1972-kini Jadwiga Jankowska-Cieślak (lahir 15 Februari 1951) adalah seorang pemeran film perempuan Polandia. Ia tampil dalam 33 film sejak 1972. Ia memenangkan penghargaan untuk Aktris Terbaik di Festival Film Cannes 1982 untuk perannya dalam film Another Way.[1] Filmografi pilihan Another Way (1982) Scratch (2008) Sweet Rush (2009) Referensi ^ Festival de Cannes: Another Way. …
2008 novel by Orson Scott Card Ender in Exile First editionAuthorOrson Scott CardCover artistJohn HarrisCountryUnited StatesLanguageEnglishSeriesEnder's Game seriesGenreScience fictionPublisherTor BooksPublication dateNovember 11, 2008Media typePrint (hardback & paperback)Pages465ISBN0-7653-0496-1OCLC223884539Dewey Decimal813/.54 22LC ClassPS3553.A655 E498 2008Preceded byEnder's GameShadow of the Giant Followed byShadows in Flight Ender in Exile is a scien…
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This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Wesleyan School – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (November 2013) (Learn how and when to remove th…
Highway in Maryland U.S. Route 40 ScenicOfficial US 40 Scenic highlighted in red; unofficial in blueRoute informationAuxiliary route of US 40Maintained by MDSHA and Washington CountyLength9.50 mi[1] (15.29 km)Officially referenced length; signed length is 16.1 miles (25.9 km) eastbound and 17.5 miles (28.2 km) westbound[2][3]Existed1965–presentTouristroutes Historic National RoadMajor junctionsWest endFifteen Mile Creek Road …
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