On March 25, 1798, it lost territory to establish the Diocese of Wigry. On July 3, 1848, it gained territory from the persisting then Diocese of Vilnius, now Lithuania's other Metropolitan see. On June 9, 1920, it lost territory to the existing Diocese of Riga (in Latvia), while in the next year it gained territory from the persisting Diocese of Sejny (in Poland).
It enjoyed a Papal Visit from Pope John Paul II in September 1993. On May 28, 1997, parts of the archdiocese have been ceded to the newly founded suffragan Diocese of Šiauliai.
Stanislovas Kiška (Stanisław Kiszka) (1618.11.26 – death 1626.02.13)
Abraomas Voina (Abraham Woyna) (1626.07.20 – 1631.03.24), previously Titular Bishop of Modon (1611.05.25 – 1626.07.20) & Auxiliary Bishop of Vilnius (Lithuania) (1611.05.25 – 1626.07.20); later Bishop of Vilnius (1631.03.24 – death 1649.04.14)
Merkelis Elijaševičius Geišas (Melchior Elijaszewicz Geisz) (1631.06.11 – death 1633.01.28)
Jurgis Tiškevičius (Jerzy Tyszkiewicz) (1633.12.19 – 1649.12.09), previously Titular Bishop of Modon (1627.05.17 – 1633.12.19) & Auxiliary Bishop of Vilnius (1627.05.17 – 1633.12.19); later Bishop of Vilnius (1649.12.09 – death 1656.01.17)
Petras Parčevskis (Piotr Parczewski) (1649.12.09 – death 1658.12.06), previously Bishop of Smolensk (Lithuania) (1636.09.01 – 1649.12.09)
Aleksandras Kazimieras Sapiega (Aleksander Kazimierz Sapieha) (1660.01.12 – 1667.07.18), previously Titular Bishop of Modon (1655.08.02 – 1660.01.12) & Auxiliary Bishop of Vilnius (Lithuania) (1655.08.02 – 1660.01.12); later Bishop of Vilnius (1667.07.18 – death 1671.05.22)
Kazimieras Pacas (Kazimierz Pac) (1667.10.03 – death 1695), previously Bishop of Smolensk (Lithuania) (1664.01.14 – 1667.10.03)
Jonas Jeronimas Krišpinas-Kiršenšteinas (Jan Hieronim Kryszpin-Kirszensztein) (1695.09.19 – death 1708.07.14), previously Titular Bishop of Martiria (1696.01.02 – 1706.01.25) & Auxiliary Bishop of Vilnius (1696.01.02 – 1710.07.21)
Jonas Mikalojus Zgierskis (Jan Mikołaj Zgierski) (1710.07.21 – death 1713.12.06), previously Titular Bishop of Martiria (1696.01.02 – 1706.01.25) & Auxiliary Bishop of Vilnius (Lithuania) (1696.01.02 – 1710.07.21) and next Bishop of Smolensk (Russia) (1706.01.25 – 1710.07.21)
Povilas Pranciškus Sapiega (Paweł Franciszek Sapieha), Cistercians (O. Cist.) (1715.01.21 – death 1715.10.01)
Aleksandras Mikalojus Gorainis (Aleksander Mikołaj Horain) (1716.12.07 – death 1735.12.07), previously Titular Bishop of Tiberias (1704.09.15 – 1711.12.23) & Auxiliary Bishop of Vilnius (1704.09.15 – 1711.12.23), Bishop of Smolensk (Russia) (1711.12.23 – 1716.12.07)
Juozapas Mykolas Karpis (Józef Michał Karp) (1736.11.19 – death 1739.12.10)
Antanas Tiškevičius (Antoni Dominik Tyszkiewicz) (1740.09.16 – death 1762.01.31), previously Titular Bishop of Mennith (1739.07.20 – 1740.09.16) & Auxiliary Bishop of Kijów–Czernihów (Poland) (1739.07.20 – 1740.09.16)
Dominykas Lopacinskis (Jan Dominik Łopaciński) (1762.04.19 – death 1778.01.11)
Bishop Jan Stefan Giedroyć (1778.03.30 – retired 1802.05.13), previously Titular Bishop of Verinopolis (1763.08.22 – 1765.04.22) & Auxiliary Bishop of Vilnius (1763.08.22 – 1765.04.22), Bishop of Inflanty (Latvia) (1765.04.22 – 1778.03.30)
Juozapas Arnulfas Giedraitis (Józef Arnulf Giedroyć) (1802.05.13 – death 1838.07.17), succeeding as former Coadjutor Bishop of Samogitia ([1790.12.04] 1791.04.11 – 1802.05.13 & Titular Bishop of Orthosia (1791.04.11 – 1802.05.13)
Apostolic Administrator Simonas Mikalojus Giedraitis (Szymon Michal Józef Arnold Giedroyć) (1838.07.17 – 1844.08.07), former Titular Bishop of Adramyttium (1804.08.20 – 1838.07.17), Auxiliary Bishop of Samogitia (1804.08.20 – 1829.12) and Coadjutor Bishop of Samogitia (1829.12 – 1838.07.17, not formally succeeding)
Jonas Krizostomas Gintila (1844.08.07 – 1849.09.28 not possessed)
Motiejus Valančius (Maciej Kazimierz Wołonczewski) (1849.09.28 – death 1875.05.29)
Apostolic Administrator Aleksandras Kazimieras Beresnevičius (Aleksander Kazimierz Bereśniewicz) (1875.05.30 – 1883.03.15), Titular Bishop of Maximianopolis (1858.09.27 – 1883.03.15), former Auxiliary Bishop of Samogitia (1858.09.27 – 1875.05.30); later Bishop of Kujawy–Kalisz (Poland) (1883.03.15 – 1902.06.04)
Mečislovas Leonardas Paliulionis (Mieczysław Leonard Pallulon) (1883.03.15 – death 1908.05.02)
Gaspar Felicjan Cyrtowt (1910.04.07 – death 1913.09.20), previously Titular Bishop of Castoria (1897.07.21 – 1910.04.07) & Auxiliary Bishop of Samogitia (1897.07.21 – 1910.04.07)
Pranciškus Karevičius, Marian Fathers (M.I.C.) (1914.02.27 – 1926.03.23), emeritate as Titular Archbishop of Scythopolis (1926.03.23 – 1945.05.30)
Metropolitan Archbishops of Kaunas
ArchbishopJuozapas Skvireckas (1926.04.05 – death 1959.12.03), previously Titular Bishop of Ceramus & Auxiliary Bishop of Kaunas (1919.03.10 – 1926.04.05)
Archbishop Sigitas Tamkevičius, Society of Jesus (S.J.) (1996.05.04 – retired 2015.06.11), also President of Episcopal Conference of Lithuania (1999.11.03 – 2002.09.20), vice-president of Episcopal Conference of Lithuania (2002.09.20 – 2005.09.20), President of Episcopal Conference of Lithuania (2005.09.20 – 2014.10.28); previously Titular Bishop of Turuda & Auxiliary Bishop of Kaunas (1991.05.08 – 1996.05.04); as emeritus, became Cardinal-Priest of Sant'Angela Merici 10.05.2019
Archbishop Lionginas Virbalas, S.J. (2015 – retired 2019.03.01), also vice-president of Episcopal Conference of Lithuania (2014.10.28 – 2015.06.11); previously Bishop of Panevėžys (2013.06.06 – 2015.06.11)