Ring cent

Ring Cent
United States
Value1¢ (0.01 United States dollar)
EdgeVarious edge designs
CompositionVarious compositions (billon was to be standard)
Years of minting1850–1851, 1853 (restrikes dated 1850), 1883–1885
Catalog number-
Obverse
DesignerUnknown
Design date1850
Reverse
DesignerUnknown
Design date1850

The ring cent or holey cent was a one-cent pattern coin first struck in various compositions and designs between 1850 and 1851 as part of an experiment on producing a cent with a reduced weight and diameter, as the rising price of copper had caused cents to cost more than their face value to produce. Many varieties exist, with differing designs as well as differing compositions, including billon (standard), aluminum, copper, cupronickel, nickel silver, nickel, silver, and white metal.

History

In the late-1840s, the price of copper had risen to the point that large cents cost more than one cent to produce. In response to a bill drafted in 1849 by Congressman Sam F. Vinton to reduce the size of the cent,[1] the US mint began looking for an alternative type of cent. One solution to the problem was to perforate the coin in the center, creating a ring-like appearance.

Pattern ring cents were first struck in 1850 in various test compositions. However, it was found that the coin was difficult to eject from the presses and that it was expensive to recover the silver from the alloy. Because of this, the ring cent was not placed into mass-production and the large cent continued to be produced until 1857, when it was replaced by the Flying Eagle cent. According to numismatic historian Walter Breen, another factor in the rejection of the ring cent was that it reminded many of the Chinese cash coin, which had minimal purchasing value.[2]

The ring cent was briefly revived in 1884 by Eastman Johnson, although this time the design was somewhat cruder as the holes appeared to have been handcut as they vary in both size and shape.[3] Although a more refined and smoother design was struck the following year, no more ring cents would ever be struck.[4] 196 ring cents (originals and restrikes) are known to exist.[5]

Other versions

Patterns of this "ring cent" were struck in various metals and with various hole sizes. There were also various different designs, with some designs lacking a date or a reverse design. Some did not even have a hole, in its place being a circle resembling a line for perforation.[6] These were known as annular cents.

Ring cent obverse designs

All 1885 ring cents (with and without the hole) were struck with a die featuring a 5 over 3 overdate error.[7]

Ring cent reverse designs

The 1850 blank non-perforated reverse was probably struck from the same die that was used for an 1852 gold dollar pattern.[8]

In the case of the 1850 non-perforated reverse with the denomination surrounded by a wreath, although they were dated 1850 (and thus used the 1850 non-perforated reverse), the coins were actually struck in 1853.[6]

See also

References

  1. ^ "J127/P149". uspatterns.stores.yahoo.net. Archived from the original on 2019-03-24. Retrieved 2019-03-25.
  2. ^ Breen, p. 215.
  3. ^ "J1721/P1929". uspatterns.stores.yahoo.net. Archived from the original on 2019-03-25. Retrieved 2019-03-25.
  4. ^ "J1740/P1950". Archived from the original on 2019-03-25. Retrieved 2019-03-25.
  5. ^ "1792-1856". uspatterns.stores.yahoo.net. Archived from the original on 2019-03-24. Retrieved 2019-03-24.
  6. ^ a b "Annular - Holey One Cent Patterns". Archived from the original on 23 October 2018. Retrieved 25 March 2019.
  7. ^ "J1740/P1950". uspatterns.stores.yahoo.net. Archived from the original on 2019-03-27. Retrieved 2019-03-27.
  8. ^ "J124G/P145". www.uspatterns.com. Archived from the original on 2019-03-28. Retrieved 2019-03-28.

Bibliography

  • Breen, Walter (1988). Walter Breen's Complete Encyclopedia of U.S. and Colonial Coins. New York: Doubleday. ISBN 978-0-385-14207-6.

Read other articles:

Dalam artikel ini, nama keluarganya adalah Hou. Hou YifanLahir27 Februari 1994 (umur 29)Xinghua, ChinaPendidikanUniversitas Peking (BA)St Hilda's College, Oxford (MPP)Asal negaraChinaGelarGrandmaster (2008)Juara Dunia Wanita2010–2012 2013–2015 2016–2017Rating FIDE2658 (Agustus 2021)Rating tertinggi2686 (Maret 2015)PeringkatNo. 84 (Agustus 2021)Peringkat tertinggiNo. 55 (Mei 2015) Catur Mewakili  China Asian Games 2010 Guangzhou Women's Individual ...

Political party in Croatia Democratic Centre Demokratski centarFounderMate GranićVesna Škare-OžboltFounded2 April 2000 (2000-04-02)[1]Dissolved6 November 2015 (2015-11-06)Split fromCroatian Democratic UnionMerged intoCroatian Democratic UnionHeadquarters48 Ilica Street, Zagreb, CroatiaMembership (2011)17,300[2]IdeologyLiberal conservatismPolitical positionCentre-rightInternational affiliationEuropean People's Party (Observer)...

この記事は検証可能な参考文献や出典が全く示されていないか、不十分です。出典を追加して記事の信頼性向上にご協力ください。(このテンプレートの使い方)出典検索?: 帯広市立翔陽中学校 – ニュース · 書籍 · スカラー · CiNii · J-STAGE · NDL · dlib.jp · ジャパンサーチ · TWL(2021年2月) 帯広市立翔陽中学校 北緯42度55分10秒 ...

Voce principale: Università. Questa voce o sezione sull'argomento università d'Italia non cita le fonti necessarie o quelle presenti sono insufficienti. Puoi migliorare questa voce aggiungendo citazioni da fonti attendibili secondo le linee guida sull'uso delle fonti. Le università in Italia sono enti che hanno il compito di promuovere la ricerca, il progresso delle scienze e l'istruzione di livello superiore. Possono essere enti pubblici o di diritto privato: nel primo caso fanno par...

Peta menunjukkan lokasi Rajah Buayan Rajah Buayan adalah munisipalitas yang terletak di provinsi Maguindanao, Filipina. Pada tahun 2010, munisipalitas ini memiliki populasi sebesar 24.973 jiwa atau 4.901 rumah tangga. Pembagian wilayah Secara administratif Rajah Buayan terbagi menjadi 11 barangay, yaitu: Baital Bakat Dapantis Gaunan Malibpolok Mileb Panadtaban Pidsandawan Sampao Sapakan (Pob.) Tabungao Pranala luar Philippine Standard Geographic Code Diarsipkan 2012-04-13 di Wayback Machine. ...

Sejarah ilmiah beralih ke halaman ini. Untuk kajian perkembangan ilmu, lihat Sejarah ilmu pengetahuan. Thucydides (ca. 460-ca. 400 BC) disebut juga bapak sejarah ilmiah Metode sejarah adalah langkah-langkah yang digunakan dalam penelitian sejarah.[1] Tujuan dari metode sejarah adalah mengumpulkan sumber-sumber sejarah secara efektif, menilainya secara kritis, dan menyajikan suatu sintesis tertulis atas hasil yang dicapai. Metode sejarah merupakan suatu sistem prosedur yang benar u...

توقيت عالمي منسقمعلومات عامةالاسم المختصر UTC (باللغات متعددة) اشتق من توقيت ذري عالميتوقيت عالمي حلَّ محل توقيت عالمي منظمة المعايير الهيئة الدولية لدوران الأرض والنظم المرجعية[1] لديه جزء أو أجزاء ثانية كبيسة تعديل - تعديل مصدري - تعديل ويكي بيانات الوقت: 08:05 توقيت عالم...

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Iris Murdoch – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (May 2023) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Irish-born British writer and philosopher (1919–1999) DameIris MurdochDBEBornJean Iris Murdoch(1919-07-15)15 July 1919Dublin, IrelandDie...

Skivum Parochie van Denemarken Situering Bisdom Bisdom Viborg Gemeente Vesthimmerlands Coördinaten 56°51'56,002NB, 9°35'21,001OL Algemeen Inwoners (2004) 743 Leden Volkskerk (2004) 676 Overig Kerken Skivum Kirke Proosdij Vesthimmerlands Provsti Pastoraat Skivum-Giver-Blære Foto's Portaal    Denemarken Skivum is een parochie van de Deense Volkskerk in de Deense gemeente Vesthimmerlands. De parochie maakt deel uit van het bisdom Viborg en telt 676 kerkleden op een bevolking van 74...

Australian retail chain Woolworths MetroMetro store in Central Park, SydneyTrade nameWoolworths SupermarketsTypeSubsidiaryIndustryRetailFounded1997 (initial) 2013 (restructure)HeadquartersBella Vista, New South Wales, AustraliaNumber of locations90 stores[1] (2022)Key people Brad Banducci (CEO), Woolworths Group Justin Nolan (Director), Metro Nathan Shaw (General Manager National Operations), Metro Revenue A$309 million (2023)[2]ParentWoolworths GroupWebsitewww.woolworths...

Обсерватория имени Штефаникачеш. Štefánikova hvězdárna Тип астрономическая обсерватория Код 541 Расположение Прага (Чехия) Координаты 50°04′52″ с. ш. 14°23′54″ в. д.HGЯO Высота 321 м Дата открытия 1928 Сайт planetum.cz/stefanikova-… Обсерватория Штефаник — астрономическая обсервато�...

Заголовок этой статьи — исландское личное имя, первые слова — личное имя, последнее — отчество. Гюннлейфюр Гюннлейфссон Общая информация Полное имя Гюннлейфюр Вигнир Гюннлейфссон Родился 14 июля 1975(1975-07-14)[1][2] (48 лет)Акранес, Исландия Гражданство  Исландия Р...

American mathematician (1927–2011) A. Wayne WymoreBorn(1927-02-01)February 1, 1927DiedFebruary 24, 2011(2011-02-24) (aged 84)Alma materUniversity of Wisconsin–MadisonKnown forMathematical Theory of Systems Engineering, Founder and first Chairman of the SIE Department of the University of ArizonaAwardsINCOSE Pioneers award, 2003Scientific careerFieldsSystems Engineering, MathematicsInstitutionsUniversity of Arizona, Professor Emeritus Albert Wayne Wymore (February 1, 1927 �...

Overview of education in Ghana The article's lead section may need to be rewritten. Please help improve the lead and read the lead layout guide. (November 2020) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in French. (August 2023) Click [show] for important translation instructions. View a machine-translated version of the French article. Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a ...

Railway station in West Bengal, India Baghajatin Kolkata Suburban Railway StationBaghajatin railway stationGeneral informationLocationBaghajatin, Kolkata, West BengalIndiaCoordinates22°28′58″N 88°23′12″E / 22.482840°N 88.386681°E / 22.482840; 88.386681Elevation9 metres (30 ft)Owned byIndian RailwaysOperated byEastern RailwayLine(s)Main linePlatforms2Tracks2ConstructionStructure typeStandard (on-ground station)ParkingNot availableBicycle facilitiesNot a...

Japanese manga series This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Patalliro! – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (November 2021) (Learn how a...

MesovariumTransverse section of human embryo eight and a half to nine weeks old. (Mesovarium visible at center.)Uterus and right broad ligament, seen from behind. (Broad ligament visible at center. Mesovarium not labeled, but it is the portion of the broad ligament closest to the ovary.)DetailsIdentifiersLatinMesovariumTA98A10.1.02.508FTA23803FMA19815Anatomical terminology[edit on Wikidata] The mesovarium is the portion of the broad ligament of the uterus that suspends the ovaries. The ov...

1961 single by Dave BrubeckUnsquare DanceSingle by Dave BrubeckB-sideCamptown RacesReleased1961 (1961)Recorded1961GenreJazzLength2:00LabelCBSSongwriter(s)Dave BrubeckProducer(s)Teo Macero Unsquare Dance is a composition by jazz pianist Dave Brubeck that was released as a single in 1961. Included on Brubeck's album Time Further Out, the piece reached No. 93 on the Cash Box chart on December 16, 1961.[1] Time signature Written in 74 time, the piece is an example of Brubeck's explor...

Honduran footballer (born 1992) Éver Alvarado Alvarado in 2020Personal informationFull name Éver Gonzalo Alvarado SandovalDate of birth (1992-01-30) January 30, 1992 (age 31)Place of birth El Negrito, HondurasHeight 1.79 m (5 ft 10+1⁄2 in)Position(s) Left-backTeam informationCurrent team OlimpiaNumber 5Youth career2007–2009 Atlético Junior2009–2011 OlimpiaSenior career*Years Team Apps (Gls)2011–2014 Real España 57 (5)2014–2016 Olimpia 67 (6)2016 Sporting ...

ŠaneCheney Osnovni podaci Država  Francuska Region Burgonja Departman Yonne Stanovništvo Stanovništvo (2011-01-01) 264[1] Gustina stanovništva 44,37 st./km² Geografija Koordinate 47°54′30″N 3°56′54″E / 47.9083°N 3.9483°E / 47.9083; 3.9483 Vremenska zona UTC+1, ljeti UTC+2 Površina 5,95 km² ŠaneŠane (Francuske) Ostali podaci Poštanski kod 89700 INSEE kod 89098 Šane (fr. Cheney) je naseljeno mesto u Francuskoj u regionu Burgonja, u d...