René de Chambrun

Count René de Chambrun
Born
Count René Aldebert Pineton de Chambrun

(1906-08-23)23 August 1906
Paris, France
Died19 May 2002(2002-05-19) (aged 95)
Paris, France
Resting placeMontparnasse Cemetery
NationalityFrance
United States
Alma materSciences Po
University of Paris
Occupation(s)Lawyer, businessman
Spouse
​
​
(m. 1935; died 1992)​
Parent(s)Aldebert de Chambrun
Clara Eleanor Longworth
RelativesGilbert du Motier, marquis de La Fayette (great-great-grandfather)
Nicholas Longworth (maternal great-great-grandfather)
Nicholas Longworth II (maternal grandfather)
Nicholas Longworth (maternal uncle)
Adolphe de Chambrun (paternal grandfather)
Charles de Chambrun (paternal uncle)
Pierre de Chambrun (paternal uncle)
Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza (paternal uncle)
Pierre Laval (father-in-law)

Count René Aldebert Pineton de Chambrun (French pronunciation: [ʁəne aldəbɛʁ pintɔ̃ də ʃɑ̃bʁœ̃]; 23 August 1906 – 19 May 2002) was a French-American aristocrat, lawyer, businessman and author. He practised law at the Court of Appeals of Paris and the New York State Bar Association. He was the author of several books about World War II and his father-in-law, Vichy France Prime Minister Pierre Laval, to whom he served as legal counsel. He defended Coco Chanel in her lawsuit against Pierre Wertheimer over her marketing rights to Chanel No. 5. He was the chairman of Baccarat, the crystal manufacturer, from 1960 to 1992.

Early life

Count René de Chambrun was born on 23 August 1906 in Paris, France.[1] His father, Aldebert de Chambrun, was a general in the French Army, and his mother was Clara Eleanor Longworth, sister of Nicholas Longworth, who married Alice Roosevelt, the daughter of the US President Theodore Roosevelt.[2] On his paternal side, he was a member of the aristocratic Pineton de Chambrun family. Moreover, Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza was one of his paternal uncles.[3] Chambrun's godfathers were Philippe Pétain and President William Howard Taft .[4]

Chambrun was a great-great-grandson of Lafayette.[5][6] As a result, he was both a French and US. citizen.[6] His US citizenship was questioned by members of the US House of Representatives in 1942 for his support of his father-in-law, Pierre Laval.[7]

Chambrun graduated from Sciences Po.[1] He received a PhD in Law from the University of Paris.[1]

Career

Chambrun was a lawyer at the Court of Appeals of Paris and the New York State Bar Association.[5] By 1935, he helped establish a Franco-American cultural center in New York City to promote bilateral relations. The center was aimed at students and businessmen.[8]

When the Second World War broke out, Chambrun served as a captain, but with the collapse of France looming by mid-May 1940, French Prime Minister Paul Reynaud sent Chambrun as a special emissary to Washington to stiffen President Roosevelt's resolve to help the Allies. Between his first meeting with Roosevelt on 16 June and his last on 1 August, Reynaud's government had fallen. Later that year, Chambrun published the book I Saw France Fall, which helped to alert American opinion about the fate of his country.

After the Liberation of France and the consequent fall of Laval's collaborationist government, Chambrun was a defender of Laval:

Father-in-law wants a big trial which will illuminate everything, if he is given time to prepare his defence, if he is allowed to speak, to call witnesses and to obtain from abroad the information and documents which he needs, he will confound his accusers.[9]

The Chambruns threw themselves into the task of assisting Laval in his defense before the High Court of Justice. After Laval's sentence and execution in October 1945, Chambrun was put on police watch in Paris on the suspicion that he may have helped the Nazis during the war.[10] In 1942, Chambrun had been named on a list of French collaborators with Germany to be killed during the war or tried after it.[11] By 1947, Chambrun officially applied for a US passport.[12][13]

Meanwhile, Chambrun and his wife devoted their energies over the following decades to the cause of his rehabilitation in the eyes of history.[14] For example, he wrote a letter to President Dwight Eisenhower in which he objected to his characterisation of Laval as "Hitler's most evil puppet" in his 1948 memoir entitled Crusade in Europe.[15][16] Chambrun based his argument on another book, authored by Spanish Foreign Minister Ramón Serrano Suñer, in which the latter quoted Hitler describing Laval as "no better than De Gaulle."[15] By 1949, Eisenhower agreed to remove the passage from subsequent reprints.[15][16] A decade later, in 1959, his wife wrote the foreword of Tout ce qu'on vous a cache, a book based on "German secret files" authored by Jacques Baraduc, Laval's lawyer.[17] The book attempted to show that Laval "refused repeatedly to yield to German demands for a reduction in the number of United States agents in French North Africa and a limitation on their activity."[17]

In 1969, Chambrun made an appearance in Marcel Ophüls's documentary on collaboration between the Vichy government and Nazi Germany during World War II, The Sorrow and the Pity (Le chagrin et la pitié). Chambrun wrote three books on the subject between 1983 and 1990. The Chambruns set up a foundation, the Josée and René de Chambrun Foundation, which collected documents on Laval for publication by the Hoover Institution. After Laval's death, the Chambruns brought flowers to his grave every 15 October to commemorate the day that he was executed.[18]

After World War II, Chambrun was hired by King Peter II of Yugoslavia when the latter filed for divorce in 1953;[19] the couple reconciled two years later. He represented the fashion designer Coco Chanel when she sued manufacturer Pierre Wertheimer to regain the marketing rights to her perfume, Chanel No. 5.[20] Wertheimer settled the case, and Chanel became a millionaire as a result.[20] In 1970 Chambrun defended Greek shipping magnate Stavros Niarchos over false allegations that he killed his ex-wife, Eugenia Livanos.[21] Additionally, Chambrun was hired by Somerset Maugham's daughter to prove that she was indeed his daughter.[22]

Chambrun served as the chairman of Baccarat, the crystal manufacturer, from 1960 to 1992.[1][23][18]

Personal life and death

6 bis, Place du Palais-Bourbon.
The Château de la Grange-Bléneau in 2008.

Chambrun married Josée Laval (1911–1992), the only daughter of Pierre Laval in 1935.[6][24] Their wedding was held at the town hall of the 7th arrondissement of Paris, followed by the Sainte-Clotilde the next day.[25] They resided 6 bis, Place du Palais-Bourbon in the 7th arrondissement.[26][27] In 1935, he bought the Château de la Grange-Bléneau, a castle in the commune of Courpalay in the Seine-et-Marne département of France, from his cousin, Louis de Lasteyrie, a descendant of La Fayette, with a life tenancy.[28]

Upon Louis de Lasteyrie's death in 1955, Chambrun discovered the large cache of documents in the attic of the castle[29] and founded a private museum about Lafayette.[30] News of his discovery brought many historians to his door, but Chambrun denied access, except to André Maurois whom he authorized to write a biography of Adrienne de Lafayette.[28][29][31] Chambrun produced a book by using the documents that he had discovered; they covered the period of 1792–1797, when Lafayette was in an Austrian prison. He organized and described the family archives, a collection dating from 1457 to 1990. The papers were microfilmed at La Grange in 1995 and 1996, for the Library of Congress.[32] It took two years and several microfilm teams from the Library of Congress to film the 50,000 pages.[33] There are now two major "Lafayette collections" in the world: one is at the Fondation de Chambrun; the other, originally assembled by Elie Fabius, at Cornell University Library. Chambrun purchased a sword used in battle by Lafayette in 1976,[34] outbidding the Smithsonian Institution.[35]

Chambrun served as the honorary president of the Sons of the American Revolution in France. He became a Chevalier (knight) of the Légion d'honneur.

Chambrun died on 19 May 2002 in Paris, France.[1] His funeral, held at Sainte-Clotilde, was attended by Diana Mitford, the widow of British fascist leader Oswald Mosley.[3] He was buried at the Montparnasse Cemetery.[24]

Works

  • Chambrun, René de (1932). Les Emprunts sur titres et le marché de l'argent à New-York. Paris: Rousseau et Cie. OCLC 459185128.
  • Chambrun, René de (1940). I saw France fall. Will she rise again?. New York: W. Morrow & Co. OCLC 395042.
  • Chambrun, René de (1964). Baccarat's first two hundred years of history, 1764-1964. Paris: Corbeil-Essonnes. OCLC 35184101.
  • Chambrun, Adolphe de; Corcelle, Marie Hélène Marthe de (1976). Chambrun, René de (ed.). Un Français chez les Lincoln : lettres inédites adressées pendant la guerre de Sécession. Paris: Librairie académique Perrin. ISBN 9782262000387. OCLC 3868356.
  • Chambrun, René de (1977). Les prisons des La Fayette : dix ans de courage et d'amour. Paris: Perrin. ISBN 9782262000738. OCLC 3670435.
  • Chambrun, René de (1980). Sorti du rang. Paris: Jullian. ISBN 9782863100301. OCLC 7552462.
  • Chambrun, René de (1984). Pierre Laval : traitor or patriot?. New York: Scribner. ISBN 9780684180953. OCLC 11030312.
  • Chambrun, René de (1986). France during the German occupation, 1940-1944 : summaries and important selections from statements on the government of Maréchal Pétain and Pierre Laval. A bibliographical supplement. Stanford, California: Hoover Institution Press. ISBN 9780817983727. OCLC 13821262.
  • Chambrun, René de (1988). Les 2,600,000 otages français d'Hitler, 1940 : la France, puissance protectrice de ses prisonniers. Paris: Editions France-Empire. ISBN 9782704805983. OCLC 21762580.
  • Chambrun, René de (1990). Mes combats pour Pierre Laval. Paris: Perrin. ISBN 9782262007614. OCLC 23059292.
  • Chambrun, René de (1993). Mission and betrayal, 1940-1945 : working with Franklin Roosevelt to help save Britain and Europe. Stanford, California: Hoover Institution Press. ISBN 9780817992217. OCLC 26722920.

References

  1. ^ a b c d e "René de Chambrun (1906-2002)". Bibliothèque nationale de France. Retrieved 1 August 2016.
  2. ^ "Daughter of French Premier Weds Count Rene de Chambrun". The Winnipeg Tribune. Winnipeg, Canada. 19 August 1935. p. 6. Retrieved 2 August 2016 – via Newspapers.com. The bridegroom is a nephew of Nicholas Longworth, speaker of the house of representatives and husband of the former Alice Roosevelt.
  3. ^ a b Pourcher, Yves (Spring 2012). "Laval Museum". Historical Reflections. 38 (1): 105–125. doi:10.3167/hrrh.2012.380108.
  4. ^ Kershaw, Alex (2015). Avenue of spies : a true story of terror, espionage, and one American family's heroic resistance in Nazi-occupied France. New York: Crown Publishers. p. 58. ISBN 9780804140034. OCLC 910239494. René de Chambrun, who was in fact Pétain's godson, and his wife, Josée, were often to be seen at Abetz's parties at the German embassy, in the Hôtel de Beauharnais, at 78, rue de Lille.
  5. ^ a b "French-American Citizen". The Evening Independent. Massilon, Ohio. 7 August 1934. p. 4. Retrieved 1 August 2016 – via Newspapers.com.
  6. ^ a b c Dulphy, Anne; Manigand, Christine (2010). "Entretien avec Georges Berthoin". Histoire@Politique (in French). 1 (10): 12. doi:10.3917/hp.010.0013.
  7. ^ Allen, Robert S.; Pearson, Drew (6 June 1942). "The Washington Merry-Go-Round". The Ogden Standard-Examiner. p. 4. Retrieved 1 August 2016 – via Newspapers.com. Members of congress are toying with the idea of removing honorary U. S. citizenship from Laval's son-in-law, Count Rene de Chambrun. As a descendant of Lafayette, de Chambrun automatically is entitled to U. S. citizenship, but close affinity with papa-in-law may remove it...
  8. ^ "France Is Courting Favor Of United States. To Established Nongovernmental Bureau To Remove Misunderstandings". Freeport Journal-Standard. Freeport, Illinois. 19 June 1935. p. 12. Retrieved 1 August 2016 – via Newspapers.com.
  9. ^ Naud, Albert, Pourquoi je n'ai pas défendu Pierre Laval, Paris: Fayard 1948
  10. ^ "French Await Purge for Aiding Nazis". The Salt Lake Tribune. Salt Lake City, Utah. 4 December 1945. p. 4. Retrieved 2 August 2016 – via Newspapers.com. The young Chambrun, who has been on police watch for months, was said to have disappeared early this week from his Paris residence.
  11. ^ deRochemont, Richard (24 August 1942). "The French Underground". LIFE.
  12. ^ Pearson, Drew (2 January 1947). "The Washington Merry-Go-Round". Freeport Journal-Standard. Freeport, Illinois. p. 8 – via Newspapers.com. One thing that gripes heroic European leaders of the underground is the way collaborationists are now welcomed to the U.S.A. Rene de Chambrun, son-in-law of traitor Pierre Laval, is now applying for a passport, while Karol Sidor, one of Czekaslovakia's collaborationists, has already been granted one...
  13. ^ Pearson, Drew (2 January 1947). "The Washington Merry-Go-Round". The Delta Democrat-Times. Greenville, Mississippi. p. 4. Retrieved 2 August 2016 – via Newspapers.com. One thing that gripes heroic European leaders of the underground is the way collaborationists are now welcomed to the U.S.A. Rene de Chambrun, son-in-law of traitor Pierre Laval, is now applying for a passport, while Karol Sidor, one of Czechoslovakia's collaborationists, has already been granted one...
  14. ^ Wallenstein, Marcel (2 November 1961). "The Lafayettes--Model Wife, Heroic Spouse". The Kansas City Times. Kansas City, Missouri. p. 48. Retrieved 1 August 2016 – via Newspapers.com. The Chambruns have given much of their time since World War II in trying to clear the reputation of Laval, Hitler's French collaborator, who was executed by a French firing squad for his crimes after the defeat of the Nazis.
  15. ^ a b c "Kin Objects, Ike Deletes". The Tipton Daily Tribune. Tipton, Indiana. 27 March 1950. p. 5. Retrieved 2 August 2016 – via Newspapers.com.
  16. ^ a b "Eisenhower Obliges Pierre Laval's Kin. Reference To Laval as 'Hitler's Most Evil Puppet Will Be Deleted From Book". New Castle News. New Castle, Pennsylvania. 31 March 1949. p. 18. Retrieved 2 August 2016 – via Newspapers.com.
  17. ^ a b Armad-Prevost, Jacques (30 June 1949). "Laval Lawyer Quotes Secret German Files. Book Seeks To Prove Vichy Premier Was Patriot, Not Traitor". The Logan Daily News. Logan, Ohio. p. 14. Retrieved 2 August 2016 – via Newspapers.com.
  18. ^ a b Brody, J. Kenneth (2010). The Trial of Pierre Laval: Defining Treason, Collaboration and Patriotism in World War II France. Brunswick, New Jersey: Transaction Publishers. p. 260. ISBN 9781412811521. OCLC 351324701.
  19. ^ "Ex-King To Get Divorce". The Plain Speaker. 11 September 1953. Retrieved 2 August 2016 – via Newspapers.com.
  20. ^ a b "Sweet Smell of Perfume". The Lincoln Star. Lincoln, Nebraska. 28 February 1971. p. 72. Retrieved 1 August 2016 – via Newspapers.com.
  21. ^ "Rich Greek Is Cleared in Wife's Death". Pottstown Mercury. Pottsdown, Pennsylvania. 19 September 1970. p. 1. Retrieved 1 August 2016 – via Newspapers.com.
  22. ^ Lyons, Leonard (3 April 1969). "Lyons Den". The Times. San Mateo, California. p. 31. Retrieved 1 August 2016 – via Newspapers.com.
  23. ^ Marcus, Stanley (1979). Quest for the Best. New York: Viking Press. p. 91. ISBN 9780670584703. OCLC 4492062.
  24. ^ a b Demonpion, Denis (31 May 2002). "La vie mondaine des collabos". Le Point. Retrieved 2 August 2016.
  25. ^ "Laval's Daughter To Wed Nobleman". The Daily Herald. Provo, Utah. 19 August 1935. p. 1. Retrieved 2 August 2016 – via Newspapers.com.
  26. ^ "Laval is Executed After 11th Hour Suicide Attempt". Middletown Times Herald. 15 October 1945. p. 10. Retrieved 2 August 2016 – via Newspapers.com. She was staying at the home of her daughter, Jose de Chambrun, wife of Count Rene de Chambrun, in Place de Palais-Bourbon.
  27. ^ Némirovsky, Irène (2006). Suite Francaise. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. p. 384. ISBN 9781400044733. OCLC 63390753. His address is 6 bis place du Palais Bourbon, VII.
  28. ^ a b "Books and Authors: Pivotal Decisions by Presidents Discussed". The Corpus Christi Caller-Times. Corpus Christi, Texas. 9 April 1961. p. 18. Retrieved 1 August 2016 – via Newspapers.com.
  29. ^ a b "News About Books. Out of History". The High Point Enterprise. High Point, North Carolina. 28 May 1961. p. 5. Retrieved 1 August 2016 – via Newspapers.com.
  30. ^ "Ceremony emphasized as legislature opens". The News. Frederick, Maryland. 15 January 1976. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
  31. ^ René de Crambrun, Introduction, Adrienne: The Life of the Marquise de la Fayette, André Maurois; McGraw-Hill, 1961, p. x
  32. ^ "Marie Joseph Paul Yves Roch Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette Collection, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress". Retrieved 19 September 2014.
  33. ^ "The Story Behind CSU'S Lafayette Collection, Tama Lea Engelking, Cleveland State University". Retrieved 19 September 2014.
  34. ^ "Lafayette's American Sword Sold at Auction". The Daily Herald. Provo, Utah. 25 November 1976. p. 73. Retrieved 1 August 2016 – via Newspapers.com.
  35. ^ "Count outbids Smithsonian". The Ottawa Journal. 22 November 1976. p. 11. Retrieved 1 August 2016 – via Newspapers.com.