consider such biological essentialism obsolete, and generally discourage racial explanations for collective differentiation in both physical and behavioral...

Racialization or ethnicization is a sociological concept used to describe the intent and processes by which ethnic or racial identities are systematically...

Racial profiling or ethnic profiling is the offender profiling, selective enforcement or selective prosecution based on race or ethnicity, rather than...

A racial hoax occurs when a person (usually the purported victim) falsely claims that a crime was committed by member of a specific race. The crime may...

theory Minority stress Nigger Racial bias in criminal news Racial bias on Wikipedia Racial fetishism Racial literacy Racialization Raciolinguistics Racist pre-Adamism...

Racial segregation is the separation of people into racial or other ethnic groups in daily life. Segregation can involve the spatial separation of the...

The term racial hygiene was used to describe an approach to eugenics in the early 20th century, which found its most extensive implementation in Nazi Germany...

The Italian racial laws, otherwise referred to as the Racial Laws (Italian: Leggi Razziali), were a series of laws promulgated by the government of Benito...

empirical evidence exists to support or justify racial discrimination, racial inferiority, or racial superiority. Before the mid-20th century, scientific...

A racial hierarchy is a system of stratification that is based on the pseudoscientific belief that some racial groups are superior to other racial groups...

Racial discrimination is any discrimination against any individual on the basis of their race, ancestry, ethnic or national origin, and/or skin color and...

insinuations or allegations about members of a given ethnic, national, or racial group or to refer to them in a derogatory, pejorative, or otherwise insulting...

Post-racial United States is a theoretical environment in which the United States is free from racial preference, discrimination, and prejudice. One of...

Racial polarization is the process whereby a population of individuals with different ancestry is divided into separate and distinct racial groups. In...

Racial formation theory is an analytical tool in sociology, developed by Michael Omi and Howard Winant, which is used to look at race as a socially constructed...

Racial or ethnic misrepresentation occurs when someone deliberately misrepresents their racial or ethnic background. It may occur for a variety of reasons...

Interracial adoption, placing a child of one racial group or ethnic group with adoptive parents of another racial or ethnic group Interracial personals, advertisements...

Racial equality is when people of all races and ethnicities are treated in an egalitarian/equal manner. Racial equality occurs when institutions give individuals...

Racial whitening, or branqueamento, is an ideology that was widely accepted in Brazil between 1889 and 1914, as the solution to the "Negro problem". Whitening...

Racial antisemitism is prejudice against Jews based on a belief or assertion that Jews constitute a distinct race that has inherent traits or characteristics...

Racial capitalism is a concept that explains how capital accumulation within capitalism in certain societies is achieved through the extraction of social...

criminology, racial invariance refers to a hypothesis that the effects of structural disadvantage on rates of violent crime are the same for all racial groups...

The German Nazi Party adopted and developed several racial hierarchical categorizations as an important part of its racist ideology (Nazism) in order to...

The racial policy of Nazi Germany was a set of orders and laws implemented in Nazi Germany under the dictatorship of Adolf Hitler, based on pseudoscientific...

Racial fluidity is the idea that race is not permanent and fixed, but rather imprecise and variable. The interpretation of someone's race, including their...

Racial nationalism is an ideology that advocates a racial definition of national identity. Racial nationalism seeks to preserve "racial purity" of a nation...

Racial integration, or simply integration, includes desegregation (the process of ending systematic racial segregation), leveling barriers to association...

for Racial Equality (CRE) was a non-departmental public body in the United Kingdom which aimed to address racial discrimination and promote racial equality...

Racial segregation in the United States was the legally and/or socially enforced separation of black people from white people, as well as the de facto...

it included groups that carried out acts of racial terror aimed at resisting desegregation and racial equality. Despite differences in size and structure...

Racial literacy is a concept developed by sociologist France Winddance Twine. She describes it as "a form of racial socialization and antiracist training...

graduating members of a particular racial group. Racial quotas are often established as means of diminishing racial discrimination, addressing under-representation...

The Racial Equality Proposal (Japanese: 人種的差別撤廃提案; lit. "Proposal to abolish racial discrimination") was an amendment to the Treaty of Versailles that...

to controversy or legal prohibition, typically in societies with strict racial/ethnic separation, systems of caste, or cultures of social conservatism...

Racial stacking (also known as positional segregation, positional stacking, or simply stacking) is a sociological term and sports concept regarding how...

States from the late 19th century to the mid-20th century that enforced racial segregation. The origin of the term Jim Crow is obscure, but probably refers...

notion of racial homogeneity and racial supremacy, as well as an overall complex of social hierarchy, with the Yamato race at the top of the racial hierarchy...

Racial Innocence: Performing American Childhood from Slavery to Civil Rights is a nonfiction book by Robin Bernstein. It was published in 2011 by NYU Press...

Racial uplift is an ideology within the African-American community that describes a response of activists, leaders, and spokespersons to the racism found...

Skinheads Against Racial Prejudice (SHARP) are anti-racist skinheads who oppose white power skinheads, neo-fascists and racism within the skinhead community...

in the context of race, occurs when one conceals their socially applied racial identity or ethnicity in order to be perceived as another race for acceptance...

Racial democracy (Portuguese: democracia racial) is a concept that denies the existence of racism in Brazil. Some scholars of race relations in Brazil...

based on race. Racial gerrymandering effectively maximizes or minimizes the impact of racial minority votes in certain districts. Racial gerrymandering...

The Howard Beach racial attack was a racially-motivated attack on December 20, 1986, in which a 23-year-old black man, Michael Griffith, was killed in...

the term racial threat refers to how people react to those of a different race. More specifically, the racial threat hypothesis or racial threat theory...

Racial century is a term that has been used by historians to refer to the century between 1850 and 1950, especially in the context of postcolonial studies...

discriminatory laws, practices, and actions (including violence) against racial or ethnic groups throughout the history of the United States. Since the...

intelligence—specifically regarding claims of differences in intelligence along racial lines—have appeared in both popular science and academic research since...

and by others because they harbor similar racial beliefs. Several studies and surveys have shown that racial resentment has contributed to Trump's political...

historically as a product of the early racial concepts of the 18th and 19th centuries, and was linked to models of racial hierarchy primarily based on craniometry...

Nazism is a form of fascism that emphasizes pseudo-scientific theories of racial hierarchy which identify ethnic Germans and Nordic Aryans as a master race...

acknowledge their mixed racial origins, the 2000 census for the first time allowed residents to check more than one ethno-racial identity and thereby identify...

Brown is a racialized classification of people, usually a political and skin color-based category for specific populations with a light to moderate brown...

racism, they can develop racial trauma. Racial trauma can be caused by racial discrimination and/or racial harassment. Racial discrimination is a term...

The Racial Contract is a book by the Jamaican philosopher Charles W. Mills in which he argues that, although it is conventional to represent the social...

refers to the types of plastic surgery performed frequently due to certain racial or ethnic traits, or with the intention of making one's appearance more...

political actions which are meant to counter racial prejudice, systemic racism, and the oppression of specific racial groups. Anti-racism is usually structured...

of one racial group are legal in the United States and other countries. While the racial composition of juries is not dictated by law, racial discrimination...

Until 1965, racial segregation in schools, stores and most aspects of public life existed legally in Ontario, Quebec and Nova Scotia, and informally in...

River colonies, becoming a republic after the 1961 referendum. The multi-racial Cape Qualified Franchise in the Cape was gradually eroded, and the vast...

Racial color blindness refers to the belief that a person's race or ethnicity should not influence their legal or social treatment in society. The multicultural...

Racial liberalism is an era in American history during the 1940s that is considered by many historians as the precursor to the civil rights movement of...

as "disbeliever" or "non-believer". The word was primarily used without racial connotation, although in some contexts it was particularly used for the...

Detroit: Race Riots, Racial Conflicts, and Efforts to Bridge the Racial Divide is a 2013 non-fiction book by Joe T. Darden and Richard Walter Thomas, published...

intimate relationships reveal racial distinctiveness. A racialized society is a society that has undergone strong racialization, where perceived race matters...

group is being considered for merging. › Racial isolates in the United States, also variously known as tri-racial isolates, biracial isolates, or American...

White Racial Identity Development is a field of research looking at how white identity can develop and affect a person throughout their life. Through the...

Sambo is a derogatory label for a person of African descent in the Spanish language. Historically, it is a name in American English derived from a Spanish...

Racial steering refers to the practice in which real estate brokers guide prospective home buyers towards or away from certain neighborhoods based on their...

continued dialogue between Milwaukee's citizens, the city is trying to reduce racial tensions and the rate of segregation. With demographic changes in the wake...

The English Wikipedia has been criticized for having a systemic racial bias in its coverage. This bias partially stems from an under-representation of...

Max Nordau) sought to reformulate conceptions of Jewishness in terms of racial identity and the "race science" of the time. They believed that this concept...

marriage is a marriage involving spouses who belong to different races or racialized ethnicities. In the past, such marriages were outlawed in certain U.S...

birth of modern 'scientific' racism. Whereas other contributors to early racial thought like Carolus Linnaeus and Johann Friedrich Blumenbach had offered...

American racial and ethnic group who, as defined by the United States census, consists of Americans who have ancestry from "any of the Black racial groups...

alliance with Germany, Mussolini promulgated a series of decrees known as the Racial Laws, which introduced segregationist measures against Italian Jews and...

Racial stereotyping in advertising refers to using assumptions about people based on characteristics thought to be typical of their identifying racial...

categorized separately. The most recent United States census recognized five racial categories (White Americans, Black Americans, Native American/Alaska Native...

Ethnic cleansing is the systematic forced removal of ethnic, racial, or religious groups from a given area, with the intent of making the society ethnically...

Lobo (fem. Loba) (Spanish for "wolf") is a racial category for a mixed-race person used in Mexican paintings illustrating the caste (casta) system in 17th-...

Various examples of violence have been attributed to racial factors during the recorded history of Australia since white settlement, and a level of intertribal...

Gobineau, a French racial theorist and aristocrat, blamed the fall of the ancien régime in France on racial degeneracy caused by racial intermixing, which...

Racial-ethnic socialization (RES or R/E) describes the developmental processes by which children acquire the behaviors, perceptions, values, and attitudes...

intentional creation of additional "majority-minority" districts where racial minorities such as African Americans were packed into the majority. This...

women were considered more attractive than other groups of women. Gendered racial stereotypes exist within the LGBT community, which have been described as...

Racial Harmony Day is a day in Singapore to promote racial and ethnic harmony within the nation. It is observed on 21 July every year, with most activities...

Racial Hygiene: Medicine Under the Nazis is a non-fiction book by American historian Robert N. Proctor, published in 1988 by Harvard University Press....

RaHoWa (also Rahowa or RAHOWA), short for Racial Holy War, is a white supremacist slogan and concept, coined by the American politician and writer Ben...

Terminology". The Testing Grounds of Modern Empire: The Making of Colonial Racial Order in the American Ohio Country and the South African Eastern Cape, 1770s–1850s...

The North Carolina Racial Justice Act of 2009 prohibited seeking or imposing the death penalty on the basis of race. It passed both the North Carolina...

vice versa, tend to be thrown into the single category of "pardo". But racial boundaries in Brazil are related less to ancestry than to phenotype. A westernized...

In 1924, the Virginia General Assembly enacted the Racial Integrity Act, which reinforced racial segregation by prohibiting interracial marriage and classifying...

black man propagated online after she called a eight-year-old black child a racial slur at a public playground in Rochester, Minnesota. Over the course of...

Racial discrimination in Laos, as well as other human rights violations towards minorities exists, according to international reports, despite Laos being...

characteristics or practices, such as: ethnicity (ethnic minority), race (racial minority), religion (religious minority), sexual orientation (sexual minority)...

Showing Up for Racial Justice (SURJ) is a network organizing white people for racial and economic justice. SURJ was founded in 2009 after election of...

that is the target of suspicion, and fear of losing a national, ethnic, or racial identity. A 1997 review article on xenophobia holds that it is "an element...

Black is a racial classification of people, usually a political and skin color-based category for specific populations with a mid- to dark brown complexion...

Racial and ethnic misclassification in the United States is the inaccurate perception of another individual's racial or ethnic background in the context...

Racial rhetorical criticism is an approach to rhetorical criticism that was named by Lisa A. Flores in 2016. Racial rhetorical criticism organizes textual...

The racial resentment scale is a measure of symbolic racism created by Donald Kinder and Lynn M. Sanders for the American National Election Studies in...

The racial and ethnic demographics of the United States have changed dramatically throughout its history. During the American colonial period, British...

The racial classification of Indian Americans has varied over the years and across institutions. Originally, neither the courts nor the United States Census...

Ministry of Racial Equality (Portuguese: Ministério da Igualdade Racial) of Brazil is a department of the direct public administration of the Federal...

greatly popularized the struggle against racial science and attacked the Nazis' abuse of science to promote their racial theories. Although they argued that...

In the United Kingdom, racial segregation occurred in pubs, workplaces, shops and other commercial premises, which operated a colour bar where non-white...

The Racial Adjustment Action Society (or Raas, which in Jamaican connotes buttocks or arse) was a Black Power movement formed in 1965, following visits...

Cracker, sometimes cracka or white cracker, is a racial slur directed at white people, used especially with regard to poor rural whites in the Southern...

century to describe people who descend from the Proto-Indo-Europeans as a racial grouping. The terminology derives from the historical usage of Aryan, used...

The Caucasian race (also Caucasoid, Europid, or Europoid) is an obsolete racial classification of humans based on a now-disproven theory of biological race...

of India did away with racial classifications. Today, the national Census of independent India does not recognise any racial groups in India. Some scholars...

Racial battle fatigue is a term coined in 2003 to describe the psychosocial stress responses from being a racially oppressed group member in society and...

The State Institute for Racial Biology (SIRB, Swedish: Statens institut för rasbiologi, SIFR) was a Swedish governmental research institute founded in...

The Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) is an African-American civil rights organization in the United States that played a pivotal role for African Americans...

Apologizes for Racial Rant". The Washington Post. November 21, 2006. Retrieved October 12, 2010. "Richards 'deeply, deeply sorry' for racial slurs". CBC...

supporting the interests of other racial groups, and neglecting the interests and welfare of their own racial group. Among racial minorities, the term "race...

different racial and ethnic groups in the United States. Different outcomes in mental and physical health exist between all U.S. Census-recognized racial groups...

language, various ethnic groups may speak other languages as well. The racial and ethnic history of Kerala is highly controversial and disputed among...

Black diamond is a term used pejoratively to refer to a member of the black middle class in contemporary South Africa. The term was not originally derogatory...

towards Jews with regard to Judaism. In the former case, usually known as racial antisemitism, a person's hostility is driven by the belief that Jews constitute...

The Racial and Religious Harmony Circles (Harmony Circle), formerly known as Inter-Racial and Religious Confidence Circles (IRCCs), are local-level inter-faith...

prosecuting of various races. There have been different outcomes for different racial groups in convicting and sentencing offenders in the United States criminal...

death, and the gospel narratives are generally indifferent to people's racial appearance or features. The synoptic gospels include the account of the...

Racial separatism is the desire of a group of people to be independent from other groups. Racial separatism may refer to: Racial segregation, separation...

one-party state, governed by himself, that would enact laws to ensure black racial purity. Although he never visited the continent, he was committed to the...

Anglo-Saxonism is a racial ideology arguing that Anglo-Saxons are a superior race entitled to rule the rest of humanity. It is one of the earliest forms...

of "White" can vary depending on context and points of view. Beyond racialization, the word simply denotes any person with light skin, usually that which...

fictional image of racial heroism." As a Southern Gothic novel and Bildungsroman, the primary themes of To Kill a Mockingbird involve racial injustice and...

recognition. In the study of race and health, scientists organize people in racial categories depending on different factors such as: phenotype, ancestry,...

in ethnic violence. For example, Varshney highlights that in the 1960s "racial violence in the USA was heavily concentrated in northern cities; southern...

Racial politics or race politics is the use of race, as a human categorization or hierarchical identifier, in political discourse, campaigns, or within...

Incitement to ethnic or racial hatred is a crime under the laws of several countries. In Australia, the Racial Hatred Act 1995 amends the Racial Discrimination...

The Racial and Religious Hatred Act 2006 (c. 1) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which creates an offence in England and Wales of inciting...

aboard a living spacecraft named Moya of the Leviathan race. The physical, racial and species-specific cultural characteristics, as well as underlying...

termed "folkish" within the community—by viewing Heathenry as an ethnic or racial religion with inherent links to a Germanic race. They believe it should...

United States Supreme Court that ruled that U.S. state laws establishing racial segregation in public schools violate the Equal Protection Clause of the...

historian and anti-communist George Watson, who translated of Völkerabfälle to racial trash, and concluded that Hitler was a Marxist. Some such as political scientist...

Baseball player in 1947. This was the beginning of the end of some 60 years of racial segregation, during which African American players were confined to the...

In the United States, racial inequality refers to the social inequality and advantages and disparities that affect different races. These can also be seen...

The Office of Racial Policy was a department of the Nazi Party (NSDAP) that was founded for "unifying and supervising all indoctrination and propaganda...

Racial Justice in the Age of Obama is a 2009 book by American legal scholar Roy L. Brooks. The work analyzes civil rights theory in the United States during...

total U.S. population, making them the fastest growing and fourth largest racial and ethnic group in the United States after African Americans, Hispanic...

oppressed and opposition leaders were imprisoned. Education focused on racial biology, population policy and fitness for military service. Career and...

Voting Rights Act of 1965 is a landmark U.S. federal statute that prohibits racial discrimination in voting. It was signed into law by President Lyndon B....

about the culture of people with partial or total ancestry from any black racial groups of Africa whose ancestors resided in the United States since before...

York University Press under the full title Fearing the Black Body: The Racial Origins of Fat Phobia. In Fearing the Black Body, Strings, associate professor...

The Racial Discrimination Act 1975 (Cth) is an Act of the Australian Parliament, which was enacted on 11 June 1975 and passed by the Whitlam government...

vary significantly between racial groups; however, academic research indicates that the over-representation of some racial minorities in the criminal...

An ethnic stereotype or racial stereotype involves part of a system of beliefs about typical characteristics of members of a given ethnic group, their...

1967 to 1973, an extended period of racial unrest occurred in the town of Cairo, Illinois. The city had long had racial tensions which boiled over after...

abandoned a racial definition of Jewishness in favor of one that embraced ethnicity. The key to understanding this transition from a racial self-definition...

The Racial and Religious Tolerance Act 2001 is an act of the Parliament of Victoria, Australia, that makes behaviour that incites or encourages hatred...

that genetics does not explain differences in IQ test performance between racial groups. Pseudoscientific claims of inherent differences in intelligence...

groups considered or classified as historically excluded, specifically racial minorities and women. These programs tend to focus on access to education...

multiracial families which differ in skin color and other traits considered to be racial features. From a biological point of view, the differences in these fraternal...

parties to the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination as of 14 May 2026[update]. Racism in Africa Racism in Algeria...

make him commit suicide. King won the 1964 Nobel Peace Prize for combating racial inequality through nonviolent resistance. In his final years, he expanded...

The National Office Against Racial Discrimination (Italian: Ufficio Nazionale Antidiscriminazioni Razziali), also known by the acronym UNAR, is an Italian...

The dhoti is an ankle-length breechcloth, wrapped around the waist and the legs, in resemblance to the shape of trousers. The dhoti is a garment of ethnic...

to remain the largest racial category in Illinois. Under this methodology, Hispanics are allocated amongst the various racial groups and primarily identify...

Public Radio characterized the events as cultural reckoning on topics of racial injustice. Many specific protests over Floyd's murder were described as...

arisen in criminal justice, healthcare, and hiring, compounding existing racial, socioeconomic, and gender biases. The relative inability of facial recognition...

From 1850 through 1920, the Census Bureau expanded its racial categories to include multi-racial persons, under Mestizos, Mulattos, as well as new categories...

Racial Discrimination Act may refer to: Racial Discrimination Act 1975 – an act passed by the Australian Parliament making racial discrimination unlawful...

The racial achievement gap in the United States are disparities in educational achievement between differing ethnic/racial groups. It manifests itself...

Racial separate schools in Canada existed in some Canadian provinces from the mid-19th century to the mid-20th century. They were established by statute...

regarded as offensive. In the 21st century, coolie is generally considered a racial slur for Asians in Oceania, Africa, Southeast Asia, and the Americas (particularly...

political philosophy, the book argues for racial integration as a moral and democratic necessity to address systemic racial inequality in the United States. Anderson...

François Bernier (1684) doubted the validity of using skin color as a racial characteristic, and Charles Darwin (1871) emphasized the gradual differences...

Racial profiling by law enforcement at the local, state, and federal levels, leads to discrimination against people in the African American, Native American...

sitting courtside during home games. In late April 2014, following news of racial remarks, Sporting News described Sterling as "one of the worst owners in...

Negroid (less commonly called Congoid) is an obsolete racial grouping of various people indigenous to Africa south of the area which stretched from the...

ideology, in which the putative Aryan race is deemed the pinnacle of human racial hierarchy. Members were referred to as master humans (Herrenmenschen [ˈhɛʁənˌmɛnʃn̩])...

18C of the Commonwealth Racial Discrimination Act 1975 makes racial vilification a civil offence, although attempts to make racial vilification a criminal...

adopt a child of a different race. The use of the term to describe changing racial identity has been criticized by members of the transracial adoption community...

the north of South Central LA, was disproportionately damaged because of racial tensions between the Black and Korean communities. Much of the blame for...

arguing that his record of colonial violence, white supremacist views, and racial comments has been whitewashed in popular account. Other historians emphasized...

transl. "separateness", lit. 'aparthood') was a system of institutionalised racial segregation that existed in South Africa and South West Africa (now Namibia)...

1964 race riots in Singapore were a series of communal disturbances and racial conflicts between the Malay and Chinese communities in Singapore. They occurred...

The International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (ICERD) is a United Nations convention. A third-generation human...

her parents. The controversy became national news and fueled debate about racial identity. Dolezal stepped down from her NAACP position, was removed from...

inheritable traits, abilities, or qualities. In a given society, those who share racial characteristics socially perceived as undesirable are typically under-represented...

1950 to 1954. He repudiated racial segregation, at a time of intense racial strife in the United States, insisting on racial integration for all of his...

organizations employ their ideology to promote what they perceive as the racial or ethnic supremacy (often White supremacy) of their own group; to incite...

The International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination is observed annually on 21 March since declared by the United Nations in 1966. In South...

from the racial categories, assigning them to their own category. The table also excludes all mixed raced/multiracial persons from the racial categories...

NAACP, 602 U.S. 1 (2024), was a United States Supreme Court case regarding racial gerrymandering and partisan gerrymandering within South Carolina's 1st congressional...

system of racial segregation and white minority rule. Although warning the National Party government that anger at apartheid would lead to racial violence...

against the Russians in the Russo-Japanese War (1904–1905) as an Asian racial threat to white Western Europe, and also exposes China and Japan as an alliance...

department implemented racial policies and monitored the "racial integrity" of the SS membership. SS men were carefully vetted for their racial background. On...

residential segregation and other complex social processes between different racial and ethnic groups, as well as theories that encompass these social processes...

Nordicism is a racialist ideology which views the "Nordic race" as a superior racial group. Some notable and influential Nordicist works include Madison Grant's...

addition, the white-dominated Southern legislatures passed laws imposing racial segregation in public facilities, and Jim Crow customs ruled. Most rural...

Aryanism is an ideology of racial supremacy which views the supposed Aryan race as a distinct and superior racial group which is entitled to rule the rest...

in the United States from 1954 to 1968 which aimed to abolish legalized racial segregation, discrimination, and disenfranchisement in the country, which...

Forms of Racial Discrimination, which prohibits racial segregation and apartheid. The opinion did not specify whether it was referring to racial segregation...

racism deals with the subjugation of one group by another or the belief in racial supremacy, colorism deals with in-group discrimination in addition to between-group...

"racially pure" and "healthy" Aryans, based on Nazi eugenics (also called "racial hygiene" by some eugenicists). Lebensborn was established by Heinrich Himmler...

in the Chicago metropolitan area, home to approximately 9.6 million. The racial makeup of the city in 2020 was 35.9% White, 29.2% Black, 7.0% Asian, 0.1%...

of one racial or ethnic group with adoptive parents of another racial or ethnic group Transracial (identity), having a racial identity or racial expression...

The one-drop rule was a legal principle of racial classification that was prominent in the 20th-century United States. It asserted that any person with...

Section 18C of the Racial Discrimination Act 1975, deals with offensive behaviour "because of race, colour or national or ethnic origin" in Australia....

Robert Ritter (14 May 1901 – 15 April 1951) was a German racial scientist doctor of psychology and medicine, with a background in child psychiatry and...

Germany Nazi eugenics Nazi racial theories Persecution of black people in Nazi Germany Racial hygiene § Nazi Germany Racial policy of Nazi Germany Racism...

based on religious principles. Many Southern evangelical Christians saw racial segregation, including in marriage, as something divinely instituted from...

"safeguarding the racial purity of the SS" within Nazi Germany. One of its duties was to oversee the marriages of SS personnel in accordance with the racial policy...

Secretariat for Policies to Promote Racial Equality, Secretaria Nacional de Políticas de Promoção da Igualdade Racial (SEPPIR) is a government agency in...

arose during the 1960s, amid growing national awareness of civil rights and racial inequality. The National Academy of Public Administration defines social...

labour in the Reich. These concepts were an important part of the Nazi racial policy. The term "under man" was introduced by the American author and Ku...

Racial Justice Sunday is observed by British Christian churches on the second Sunday of February. It began in 1995. On 11 September 2005, special celebrations...

it does define "racial discrimination": According to the 1965 UN International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, "...

physical anthropology began in the 17th to 18th centuries with the study of racial classification (Georgius Hornius, François Bernier, Carl Linnaeus, Johann...

CRT framework examines racial bias in laws and legal institutions, such as highly disparate rates of incarceration among racial groups in the United States...

be particularly popular among European racial supremacists and ultimately laid the foundation for Nazi racial theories, which also co-opted the concept...

their ancestors were Indigenous Americans. The term was used as an ethno-racial exonym for mixed-race castas that evolved during the Spanish Empire. It...

Racial tension in Omaha, Nebraska occurred mostly because of the city's volatile mixture of high numbers of new immigrants from southern and eastern Europe...

Racial diversity in United States schools is the representation of different racial or ethnic groups in American schools. The institutional practice of...

(someone whose racial origin is three-quarters white and one-quarter Black) and Cuarterón de Mestizo or Castizo (someone whose racial origin is three-quarters...

The German Society for Racial Hygiene (German: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Rassenhygiene) was a German eugenic organization founded on 22 June 1905 by the...

Enlightenment and post-Enlightenment Europe that laid the groundwork for racial antisemitism Racial antisemitism that arose in the 19th century and culminated in...

Racial bias in criminal news occurs when a journalist's racial biases affect their reporting. Racial biases are a form of implicit bias, which refers to...

Minority rights are the normal individual rights as applied to members of racial, ethnic, class, religious, linguistic or gender and sexual minorities, and...

Some of these people were forced into beggary due to the lack of jobs and racial discrimination. Owners of African slaves in England would advertise slave-sales...

instances of racism and more so police brutality commencing a wide movement of racial unrest and the George Floyd protests. The year has been characterized by...

period of racial unrest in York, Pennsylvania in July 1969. This period of increased racial unrest followed a period of significant racial tension, rioting...

The racial and ethnic history of New York City has varied widely, from its sale to the Dutch by Native American residents, to the modern multi-cultural...

The Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination is a human rights proclamation issued by the United Nations General Assembly,...

used interchangeably with race, although not all ethnicities identify as racial groups. By way of assimilation, acculturation, amalgamation, language shift...

Mongoloid (/ˈmɒŋɡəˌlɔɪd/) is an obsolete racial grouping of various peoples indigenous to large parts of Asia, the Americas, and some regions in Europe...

Blood at the Root: A Racial Cleansing in America is a 2016 non-fiction book written by Patrick Phillips investigating the 1912 racial conflict in Forsyth...

differ from what Pierce referred to as "macroaggressions" in the context of racial discrimination: these are more extreme forms of racism (such as lynchings...

Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) from 1968 until his death. One of his sons, Niger Roy Innis, serves as National Spokesman of the Congress of Racial Equality...

Unterkieferabschnittes bei vier rassischen Gruppen ("Racial morphological study of the anterior segment of the mandible in four racial groups"), attempted to prove that...

Semitic people or Semites is an obsolete term for an ethnic, cultural or racial group formerly used in connection with ancient and modern peoples of the...

The Mediterranean race (also Mediterranid race) is an obsolete racial classification of humans based on the now-disproven theory of biological race. According...

has developed in circumstances that have broadly sought to protect white racial privileges, various national citizenships, and other rights or special benefits...

Ethnic and Racial Studies is a peer-reviewed social science academic journal that publishes scholarly articles and book reviews on anthropology, cultural...

important in areas with increased diversity across social, ethnic, and racial groups, as underrepresentation in healthcare systems is a global issue....

An extensive system of racial profiling is used in or by Israel, primarily by Israeli security forces. Racial profiling is the act of suspecting or targeting...

dismantling of Jim Crow laws in the 1950s and 1960s visibly deepened existing racial tensions in much of the Southern United States, Republican politicians such...

ethnic and/or racial epithet directed towards the Māori people. The word Hori, when employed to refer to individuals of the Māori racial-ethnic identity...

[ˈʁasn̩ˌʃandə], lit. "racial shame") or Blutschande (German: [ˈbluːtˌʃandə] "blood disgrace") was an anti-miscegenation concept in Nazi German racial policy, pertaining...

affirmative action and similar color-conscious programs for redressing racial inequality are forms of anti-white racism. The concept is often associated...

racial categories and stereotypes about those groups. The test has been applied to a variety of belief associations, such as those involving racial groups...

action (including violence) at various times in the history of Japan against racial or ethnic groups. According to official statistics from the Immigration...

social scientists reject attributing racial discrimination to the caste system and attributed such events to intra-racial ethno-cultural conflicts. There have...

the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination. The 1998 Report of the UN Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination found that the Convention...

Coyota) (from the Nahuatl word coyotl, coyote) is a colonial Spanish American racial term for a mixed-race person casta that usually refers to a person born...

Freedom Riders: 1961 and the Struggle for Racial Justice is a 2006 non-fiction book by Raymond Arsenault, published by Oxford University Press. The scope...

During that time the LDS Church also opposed interracial marriage, supported racial segregation in its communities and church schools, and taught that righteous...

of other groups. The practice of institutional racism is manifested as racial discrimination in criminal justice, employment, housing, healthcare, education...

with Thomas Jefferson on the topics of slavery and racial equality. Abolitionists and advocates of racial equality promoted and praised Banneker's works....

hatred, and discrimination or extreme aversion towards people who are racialized as Black (especially those from sub-Saharan Africa and its diasporas)...

The Racial Preservation Society was a far-right pressure group opposed to immigration and in favour of white nationalism, national preservation and protection...

repudiated racial supremacism and insisted that no racial group was superior or inferior to another. Instead it foregrounded an "ethno-pluralist" racial separatism...

Races of Europe (1939), was typical of its time. He described the different racial 'types' supposedly present in human populations, but rejected a specific...

The Nordic race is an obsolete racial classification of humans based on a now-disproven theory of biological race. It was once considered a race or one...

1947. African Americans entered the league beginning in 1950. According to racial equality activist Richard Lapchick, the NBA in 2023 was composed of 70.4...

he was appointed to a new chair of racial theory at Jena. He joined the Nazi Party in 1932 as the only leading racial theorist to join the party before...

discrimination based on ethnic characteristics or national origin. In turn, racial discrimination tends to be closely related to discriminatory behavior for...

England, 1826–1836 (1988) Of One Blood: Abolitionism and the Origins of Racial Equality (1998) Brody, David (April 1996). "In Memoriam, April 1996". Perspectives...

motivated by racial, national, or religious hatred (Criminal Code Article 61). Murder and infliction of serious bodily injury motivated by racial, religious...

referred to as the model minority myth because it is understood as a racialized social construct that frames certain minority groups as comparatively...

neighborhoods in the United States and Canada that practiced a form of racial segregation by excluding non-whites via some combination of discriminatory...

In both the US and later UK editions the text was modified to avoid the racial epithet, referring throughout to "Ten Little Indians" or "Ten Little Soldiers"...

məˈ-/ mew-LAT-oh, mə-, US: /məˈlɑːtoʊ, mjuːˈ-/ mə-LAH-toh, mew-) is a racial classification that refers to people of mixed African and European ancestry...

from her seat on a bus in Montgomery, Alabama, in defiance of Jim Crow racial segregation laws, which sparked the Montgomery bus boycott. She is sometimes...

prominence in the 1970s. The goal of desegregation busing was to diversify the racial make-up of public schools by transporting students to more distant areas...

the story as "the removal of all racial codes from a narrative about two characters of different races for whom racial identity is crucial". Récitatif...

Black horror (also known as racial horror and horror noir) is a horror subgenre that focuses on African-American characters and narratives. It often involves...

identify as White either alone or in combination with one or more other racial groups. European Americans are by far the largest panethnic group of White...

killed three people and injured many others. A group calling itself the Racial Volunteer Force split from C18 in 2002, although it has retained close links...

South African Students (NUSAS). Strongly opposed to the apartheid system of racial segregation and white-minority rule in South Africa, Biko was frustrated...

considered one of the main authors of key Nazi ideological creeds, including its racial theory and its hatred of the Jewish people, the need for Lebensraum, abrogation...

The South African Bureau of Racial Affairs (SABRA) (Afrikaans: Suid-Afrikaanse Buro vir Rasse-Angeleenthede) was a South African think tank based at Stellenbosch...

implemented strict racial segregation between whites and blacks in Ethiopia. In 1938 Fascist Italy enacted a set of comphrensive racial laws, that endorsed...

According to the National Science Foundation (NSF), women and racial minorities are underrepresented in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics...

The Marley hypothesis is a psychological theory on how racial groups may have different perceptions of the current racism in society due to a difference...

critical race theory, the black–white binary is a paradigm through which racial history is presented as a linear story between White and Black Americans...

contrasted with concepts of race and ethnicity in the United States. The ethno-racial composition of modern-day Latin American nations combines diverse Indigenous...

extent of racial bias in the police use of deadly force, with some studies finding no racial bias, while other studies conclude there is racial bias in...

political systems and communities. Racial or ethnic inequality is the result of hierarchical social distinctions between racial and ethnic categories within...

described as exhibiting discomfort or resistance when questioned about racial dynamics or potential instances of racism. These reactions are interpreted...

Castro on March 23, 1959, that outlined the need for a "battle against racial discrimination" in Cuban society. The following campaign resulted in a series...

of racial nationalism or pan-nationalism which espouses the belief that white people are a race and seeks to develop and maintain a white racial and...

and advocate for health equity. He is known for his work highlighting racial biases in medicine and educating audiences about health misinformation,...

treatment for any particular group" adding "I will eat my hat if this leads to racial quotas." However affirmative action in practice would eventually become...

white by the U.S. census. In 1930, "Mexican" was officially added as a racial category on the United States census but was soon after removed due to political...

international conflicts. Studies indicate disparities in reporting on different racial groups and gender representation in the media. U.S. coverage of foreign...

Race Forward is a nonprofit racial justice organization with offices in Oakland, California, and New York City. It defines its mission as "[helping] people...

live in affluent non-racial enclaves such as Point Grey. Research found South Asian groups are the second most segregated racial groups in Canada. Many...

Elimination of Racial Discrimination reported in 2018 that Chinese law does not define "racial discrimination" and lacks an anti-racial discrimination...

Embedded Racism: Japan's Visible Minorities and Racial Discrimination is a 2015 non-fiction book by Debito Arudou, published by Lexington Books. The book...

congressional district is a United States congressional district in which racial or ethnic minorities together make up more than half of the population....

on race and racial prejudice (Paris, September 1967) Other statements include the Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination...

through pathologizing those who resist. Just as racial formation rests on the creation of racial projects, racial gaslighting, as a process, relies on the production...

theatrical practices of racial impersonation in theatres across the British Empire, where it was integral to the development of imperial racial politics. However...

achievement, his time in office was one of unprecedented regression in racial equality, with his presidency serving as the lowest point of the nadir of...

the U.S. military implemented differing policies surrounding racial segregation. Racial discrimination in the U.S. military was officially opposed by...

have a history of describing Black quarterbacks in ways that perpetuate racial stereotypes and hurt those prospects' chances of making it to the NFL as...

1.5 million Italians, and 700,000 Spaniards). Brazil has seen greater racial equality over time. According to a recent review study, "There has been...

Racial segregation in Atlanta has known many phases after the freeing of the slaves in 1865: a period of relative integration of businesses and residences;...

fire-bombings were reported. A rapid racial change occurred in Gary during the late 20th century. Political power reflected Gary's racial demographics: the Black and...

Lake Sr., who ran on a platform of racial segregation. Lake lost to future Senator Terry Sanford, who ran as a racial moderate willing to implement the...

services are withheld from neighborhoods that have significant numbers of racial and ethnic minorities. Redlining has been most prominent in the United States...

marketplace discrimination that is also called "consumer racial profiling", "consumer racism" or "racial profiling in a retail setting", as it applies to black...

left the city. Population decline began as workers moved to other cities. Racial tensions rose in the late 1960s as African-Americans sought implementation...

suggesting that these "undesirable" and "unfit" racial groups were proliferating, while the "desirable" and "fit" racial groups were essentially "killing themselves"...

Racial groups in South Africa (2022 census) Black Africans (81.5%) Coloureds (8.15%) Whites (7.30%) Indians (2.74%) Others (0.39%) Ethnic groups in South...

United States, economic competition and racial prejudice have both contributed to long-lasting tensions between racial and ethnic minorities. Current US policy...

oppression, defined by sociologist Karen D. Pyke as the "internalization of racial oppression by the racially subordinated." In her study The Psychology of...

A Racial Program for the Twentieth Century (occasionally A Radical Program for the Twentieth Century) was the purported book title of a 1950s hoax purporting...

genetics defines racial groups and makes them different, that IQ and cultural differences among racial groups are caused by genes, and that racial inequalities...

the basis of perceived statuses of characteristics, for example ethnic, racial, gender or religious categories. It involves depriving members of one group...

In Nazi ideology, the race-soul, race soul or racial soul (German: Rassenseele) is a mystical racial psyche greater than any individual member of the German...

racism at the EU level. At the occasion of the 20-year anniversary of EU's Racial Equality Directive, Equinox criticized the legislation for being insufficient...

From Jim Crow to Civil Rights: The Supreme Court and the Struggle for Racial Equality is a 2004 book by American historian Michael Klarman. It was a winner...

people as well as a general group identity issue, as "racial identity politics utilizes racial consciousness or the group's collective memory and experiences...

America. (Regnery, 2021) ISBN 978-1-68451-054-2 I Can't Breathe: How a Racial Hoax Is Killing America. (Regnery, 2021) ISBN 978-1-68451-218-8 Final Battle:...

tendency to more easily recognize faces that belong to one's own racial group, or racial groups that one has been in contact with. In social psychology...

particularly in the United States, exclusionary covenants were used to exclude racial minorities. Some covenants exist for safety purposes, such as a covenant...

shooting bias, also known as "shooter bias", is a proposed form of implicit racial bias which refers to the apparent tendency among the police to shoot black...

expectations for racial comfort while at the same time lowering our stamina for enduring racial stress. I term this lack of racial stamina White Fragility...

The Racial Volunteer Force (RVF) is a violent neo-Nazi splinter group of the British neo-Nazi group Combat 18 (C18) with close ties to the far right paramilitary...

Racism in Germany encompasses both historical and contemporary forms of racial discrimination and prejudice. This includes the colonial-era genocide of...

United Nations human rights standards and incidents in Canada. Moreover, racial capitalism is embedded in the very foundations of contemporary Canada, which...

book continued due to both its perceived use of racial stereotypes and its frequent use of the racial slur "nigger". In 1840s St. Petersburg, Missouri...

The Passing of the Great Race: Or, The Racial Basis of European History is a 1916 racist and pseudoscientific book by American lawyer, anthropologist,...

breakaway faction. They wished to protect the ability of states to decide on racial segregation. Its members were referred to as "Dixiecrats", a portmanteau...

discipline and obedience. Evola advocated for the Italian racial laws, and became the leading Italian "racial philosopher". Autobiographical remarks allude to...

This includes the enslavement of African-Americans, racial lynchings, segregation, and racial bias. The museum, which opened on April 26, 2018, is founded...

institutionalized regime of systematic oppression and domination by one racial group over any other racial group or groups and committed with the intention of maintaining...

were dropped in February 2021 after she completed an educational course on racial identity. Amy left the United States and returned to her native Canada,...

would prevent the growth of any explicitly political movement to spread racial consciousness among those she deemed to be Aryan. Instead, she believed...

referred to this group as the talented tenth, a concept under the umbrella of racial uplift, and believed that African Americans needed the chance for advanced...

his broadcasts during the week. New South Wales Police had been recording racial and ethnic tensions and incidents in and around Cronulla since October 2005...

political and social movement that aims to highlight racism, discrimination and racial inequality experienced by Black people in the United States, and to promote...

The Citizens Association for Racial Equality (CARE) was a New Zealand organisation that fought against racism towards minority groups in New Zealand. It...

specifically, the research delves into the potential cause and effects of racial disparities in crime. This includes but is not limited to, disadvantages...

online Racial and Ethnic Fairness in the Oregon Justice System Archived 2008-05-14 at the Wayback Machine. The Oregon Supreme Court Task Force on Racial and...

unrest precipitated a national American cultural reckoning on topics of racial injustice. Public opinion of racism and discrimination quickly shifted in...

Jewish descent. He addressed how several aspects of the character were racial stereotypes that are demeaning to the character as well as Indian immigrants...

enacted their own anti-discrimination laws, beginning with the Ontario Racial Discrimination Act in 1944, and the Saskatchewan Bill of Rights in 1947...

study of all agencies under human control which can improve or impair the racial quality of future generations". The first to systematically apply Darwinism...

movement behind. Race or racial oppression is defined as "burdening a specific race with unjust or cruel restraints or impositions. Racial oppression may be...

Ahnenpass Italian Fascism and racism Limpieza de sangre Nazi racial theories Nuremberg Laws Racial policy of Nazi Germany Bryan Mark Rigg Horst Seidler, Andreas...

scientific polygenism, attempting to find a taxonomic basis for ideas of racial science. Many oral traditions feature polygenesis in their creation stories...

encompassing several meanings)." Rankine additionally founded and curates the Racial Imaginary Institute, which she called "a moving collaboration with other...

völkisch organisation founded in 1894 by Ludwig Schemann to promote the racial theories of Arthur de Gobineau. Under Schemann’s sole direction it evolved...

A 2009 study reported that the racial disparity in rates of school suspensions could not be explained solely by racial differences in rates of delinquent...

several minor uninhabited island possessions. By several metrics, including racial and ethnic background, religious affiliation, and percentage of rural and...

Ethnic hatred, inter-ethnic hatred, racial hatred, or ethnic tension refers to notions and acts of prejudice and hostility towards an ethnic group to varying...

authors claimed that average intelligence quotient (IQ) differences between racial and ethnic groups are at least partly genetic in origin, a view that is...

Say was distributed to jazz clubs in the west of London. The ideals of racial tolerance and harmony through the example of those who earn their living...

eugenics in Nazi Germany were composed of various ideas about genetics. The racial ideology of Nazism placed the biological improvement of the German people...

holidays in Slovakia. "Slovakia commemorates the Memorial Day for Victims of the Holocaust and of Racial Violence". IHRA. 2024-01-08. Retrieved 2025-08-12....

anthropologists, sociologists, jurists, historians and others. The myth of a racial democracy, a term originally coined by Brazilian sociologist Gilberto Freyre...

inequality is attributed to economic disparities that often fall along racial lines, and much modern conversation about educational equity conflates the...

and was scheduled to arrive in New Orleans on May 17. Boynton outlawed racial segregation in the restaurants and waiting rooms in terminals serving buses...

played by one racial group can unintentionally perpetuate racial stereotypes and limit players' choices to preconceived notions of racial bias, and issues...

Education, particularly desegregation of the school systems and the military. Racial integration of society was a closely related goal. Starting with King Philip's...

Racial transformation is the process by which a demographic region (e.g., a country, neighborhood, or a school) changes in racial composition. One example...

to maintain their racial purity. The NSLB stressed the Nordic racial element of the German Volk (people) and contrasted it with racial differences to foreign...

social-minority groups in order for the organization to give the public appearance of racial and gender equality, usually within a workplace, government, or a school...

The Alpine race is an obsolete racial classification of humans based on a now-disproven theory of biological race. It was defined by some late 19th-century...

Separatism is the advocacy of cultural, ethnic, tribal, religious, racial, regional, governmental, or gender separation from the larger group. As with...

and sexual and gender minorities. In the case of Nazism, this involved racial purity and a belief in a master race. Such demonization has motivated fascist...

origin. It prohibits unequal application of voter registration requirements, racial segregation in schools and public accommodations, and employment discrimination...

colonization, the Dominican Republic has negotiated the construction of racial hierarchies. The nation's historically fraught relationship with Haiti informed...

(according to some sources), White Latin Americans constitute the second largest racial-ethnic group in the region after mestizos (mixed Amerindian and European...

they are by far the single largest racial grouping of the country. Mixed Dominicans are the descendants from the racial integration between the Europeans...

The Color of Crime: Racial Hoaxes, White Fear, Black Protectionism, Police Harassment and Other Macroaggressions is a 1998 book by American academic Katheryn...

Colombians descend mainly from three racial groups—Europeans, Amerindians, and Africans—that have mixed throughout the last 500 years of Colombia's history...

conducted by Brandeis University, one of the major factors of the huge racial wealth gap in America is due to the disparities in home-ownership in America...

opposition before retiring the name in 2020 following renewed attention to racial justice in the wake of the murder of George Floyd and subsequent protests...

the scar of racial hatred had already disfigured colonial society. From the sixteenth century forward, blood flowed in battles over racial supremacy. We...

history include forced removals, racial inequality and segregation, uneven resource distribution, and disenfranchisement. Racial controversies and politics...

and from 2002 to 2003. Phillips was appointed head of the Commission for Racial Equality (CRE) by Prime Minister Tony Blair in 2003 and was the chairman...

2001 was declared the International Year of Mobilization against Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance by the United Nations...

Racial segregation of churches in the United States is a pattern of Christian churches maintaining segregated congregations based on race. Racially segregated...

Racism in a Racial Democracy: The Maintenance of White Supremacy in Brazil is a book by anthropologist France Winddance Twine published by Rutgers University...

the inability of black people to fit into the norms (social, cultural, racial) established by white society (the colonizer). That "a normal Negro child...

fitness, nationality, geographic location, cultural differences, ethnic or racial category, gender, gender identity, neurodiversity, physical disability,...

Asian countries. Stereotypes of East Asians, analogous to other ethnic and racial stereotypes, are often erroneously misunderstood and negatively portrayed...

Jews for Racial and Economic Justice (JFREJ) is an American left-wing non-profit grassroots Jewish organization based in New York City. JFREJ describes...

adopted by UNESCO on 14 December 1960 aims to combat discrimination and racial segregation in education. As of December 2020, 106 states were members of...

divide – Theoretical foundation of anthropology One-drop rule – Historical racial classification rule Social determinism – Theory of human behavior de Melo-Martín...

Elimination of Racial Discrimination reported that PRC law does not properly define "racial discrimination" and it also lacks an anti-racial discrimination...

of Education of Topeka, which overturned Plessy v. Ferguson and declared racial segregation in public schools to be unconstitutional. The name "Topeka"...

The Campaign Against Racial Discrimination (CARD) was a British organization, founded in 1964 and which lasted until 1967, that lobbied for race relations...

landmark United States Supreme Court case in the area of redistricting and racial gerrymandering. After the 1990 census, North Carolina qualified to have...

defined by lyrics that demonize variously conceived non-whites and advocate racial pride and solidarity. Most often, however, insiders conceptualized white...

reservation. Mono-racial individuals are more likely to live on a reservation than multiracial individuals. The Navajo, with 286,000 mono-racial individuals...

Americans, as the largest racial group in the United States, have historically had better health outcomes than oppressed racial groups in the United States...

television series The Twilight Zone. First broadcast on May 1, 1964, its racial overtones caused it to be withheld from syndication in the U.S. until 2016...

Dying of Whiteness: How the Politics of Racial Resentment Is Killing America's Heartland is a 2019 non-fiction book written by Jonathan M. Metzl, a professor...

white ancestry who experiences social marginalization due to his or her racial identity. These characters are normally portrayed as being unable to fully...

1884 – 7 June 1962) was a German eugenicist, physician, and professor of "racial hygiene" in Nazi Germany. He was an early member of the Nazi Party and its...

research has expanded the definition of the glass cliff phenomenon to include racial and ethnic minority groups. The term was coined in 2005 by British professors...

TMZ released a video recorded on January 31 showing Wallen saying the racial slur "nigger" to one of his friends after a night out. He issued a statement...

that accrue to citizens just because they’re white" and examines how white racial identity operates as a legally protected form of value. Harris received...

Smethwick parliamentary seat at the 1964 general election in a bitterly racial campaign conducted in the wake of local factory closures. Born in Worthing...

essential not only for military and economic security, but for preserving racial consciousness. Concerns pertaining to the cultural assimilation of second...

housing and the Group Representation Constituency system used to ensure racial balance and, by extension, "operationally guarantee Chinese political dominance"...

1942 he was a co-founder of what became known as CORE, or the Congress of Racial Equality. He was the initiator and organizer of the first Freedom Ride in...

controversy with his conference talk "Music Theory's White Racial Frame", leading to a debate on the racial politics of music theory and resulting in his 2023...

least 42 people have been killed in relation to the 2020–2023 United States racial unrest following the murder of George Floyd on May 25, 2020, among other...

Zimbabwe) and founded the Capricorn Africa Society, which aimed to fight racial discrimination in Africa, but Stirling's preference for a limited, elitist...

dynamics of racial issues in the United States during the interwar period. Rather than subdivide Europe into separate racial groups, the bi-racial (black vs...

considered for merging. › Zambo (Spanish: [ˈθambo] or [ˈsambo]) or Sambu is a racial term to refer to people of mixed Amerindian and sub-Saharan African ancestry...

majority-minority states do not have a single ethnic or racial group as the outright majority. Racial data is derived from self-identification questions on...

Brazilian Congress passed the Estatuto da Igualdade Racial (Statute of Racial Equality). The law adopts the racial term negro to refer to individuals who self-identify...

of racial uniqueness, racist attitudes towards specific social categories, racist stereotypes, hate-speech, nationalism and common destiny, racial supremacy...

has received particular attention among film critics for its treatment of racial issues. Cinema and cultural analysts have also explored its Cold War and...

In the broader context of racism in the United States, mass racial violence in the United States consists of ethnic conflicts and race riots, along with...

ending race-based segregation within American public, and private schools. Racial segregation in schools existed throughout most of American history and remains...

and businesswoman of Black Nova Scotian descent. In 1946, she challenged racial segregation at a cinema in New Glasgow, Nova Scotia, by refusing to leave...

million as of 2023. The state has people from a wide variety of ethnic, racial, national, and religious backgrounds. California is the most populated sub-national...

Kingdom. As a sociological field, race relations attempts to explain how racial groups relate to each other. These relations vary depending on historical...

also other certain ethnic minorities. Due to the Nazi Party's rhetoric and racial laws regarding black people, they experienced significant discrimination...

riots across the United States in the mid-to-late 1960s, largely fueled by racial tensions and frustrations with ongoing discrimination, even after the passage...

Sergi, who argued that cranial morphology provided a better means to model racial ancestry. Brachycephaly Cephalic index Plagiocephaly Ferreira, Rafael; et al...

3, 1954) was an American physical anthropologist known for his work on racial classification and his popular writings such as the book Up From The Ape...

scholarly work on African American history, especially her research on racial passing. Hobbs is also a prominent public intellectual, regularly engaging...

K-word may refer to: Kaffir (racial term), a racial slur used in South Africa Kike, an antisemitic ethnic slur Keling, a racial slur to denote a person originating...

accompanied assaults or physical intimidation of East Asians, as have other racial slurs or imitation of Chinese. While usually intended for ethnic Chinese...

crossed Major League Baseball's color line by 1947, which helped to reduce racial segregation. White Americans long regarded some elements of African-American...

racial profiling of African-American motor vehicle drivers. It implies that a motorist may be stopped by a police officer largely because of racial bias...

Movement. The Watsons Go to Birmingham – 1963 communicates the realities of racial injustice to both adult and youth audiences. It has received many prestigious...

toward racial equality", leading to the Aunt Jemima image being removed by the fourth quarter of 2020. In June 2021, amidst heightened racial unrest in...

interracial marriage, mass non-white immigration, assimilation of immigrants, racial integration, low fertility rates, abortion, pornography, LGBTQ identities...

diseases and anomalies. A Nazi-affiliated eugenicist with an interest in racial hygiene, he was an advocate of compulsory sterilization programs in the...

The Chicago race riot of 1919 was a violent racial conflict between white Americans and black Americans that began on the South Side of Chicago, Illinois...

because of complaints of racial profiling. The U.S. Department of Justice concluded that Arpaio oversaw the worst pattern of racial profiling in US history...

Becoming Yellow: A Short History of Racial Thinking is a 2011 book by American historian Michael Keevak, published by Princeton University Press. Keevak...

Bridges the only person fully visible. On the wall behind her are written the racial slur "nigger" and the letters "KKK"; a smashed and splattered tomato thrown...

Jennifer Richeson's research into racial shift conditions, which outline how White people's hostility to other racial groups increases in proportion to...

Race Relations Act 1965, which had banned racial discrimination in public places and made promoting racial hatred a crime. The 1968 act focused on eradicating...

He staged an act of civil disobedience to challenge one of Louisiana's racial segregation laws and bring a test case to force the U.S. Supreme Court to...

Down Low (University of Minnesota Press, 2014) and Black on Both Sides: A Racial History of Trans Identity (University of Minnesota Press, 2017). Snorton...

known by his ring name Bobo Brazil. Credited with breaking down barriers of racial segregation in professional wrestling, Harris is considered one of the first...

static racial labels such as "white" or "Indigenous" rather than mestizo, and a large number simply identifying as "Mexican", rejecting racialized labels...

of the early 20th century, and later influenced the antisemitism of Nazi racial policy. In the early 1920s, Chamberlain met and encouraged Hitler. Born...

1910 to 1994. After 27 April 1994 it was dissolved following the first non-racial election in South Africa. It is now called the Free State Province. Its...

happened before the season began came to light involving controversial and racial remarks against black people, especially toward that of former Lakers player...

#BrusselsSoWhite) movement is an informal movement denouncing the perceived lack of racial diversity in the European Union institutions in Brussels. The hashtag BrusselsSoWhite...

of the continent colonised by Portugal and Spain) have the territorial, racial, and spiritual factors necessary to initiate the "universal era of humanity"...

and traumas experienced by African Americans, and he cited events such as racial segregation and the murder of Emmett Till as part of that cultural context...

centered on class solidarity, uniting poor and working-class people across racial lines against shared oppression. It emphasized using direct action to pressure...

United States. Its residents include people from a wide variety of ethnic, racial, national and religious backgrounds. The state has attracted immigrants...

aftermath of the civil war, racial tensions were high, and the town was noted for a number of lynchings and other racial violence in the late 19th century...

missing for four days from her home in Wappingers Falls, New York. She had racial slurs written on her body and was covered in feces. The feces came from...

status. The International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (CERD), currently signed by 88 countries, allows discrimination...

prices. This was achieved by fearmongering the homeowners, telling them that racial minorities would soon be moving into their neighborhoods. The blockbusters...

American politician and civil rights activist who has broken significant racial barriers in Maine politics. A Democrat from Portland, she is the current...

American civil rights activist, educator, and suffragist who championed racial and gender equality throughout her life. Mary Church was born September...

Muslims or perceived Muslims (such as Hindus and Sikhs) of any ethnic or racial background. More recently, references to Paki have been increasingly replaced...

desegregation and the first years of its implementation led to a series of racial protests and riots that brought national attention, particularly from 1974...

of efforts to understand how biology may or may not contribute to human racial categorization. Today, the consensus among scientists is that race is a...

blanqueamiento is rooted in Latin America and is used more or less synonymously with racial whitening. However, blanqueamiento can be considered in both the symbolic...

concerned with what white identity means in terms of social, political, racial, economic, culture, etc. Whiteness theory posits that when some Western...

implements the principle of equal treatment between persons irrespective of racial or ethnic group. Since the Treaty of Amsterdam came into force in 1999,...

before and after the Civil War. Thanks to the civil rights movement, formal racial discrimination was gradually outlawed by the federal government and came...

exceptions in the 19th century before the line was firmly established). Racial segregation in professional baseball was sometimes called a gentlemen's...

Colorblind: The Rise of Post-Racial Politics and the Retreat from Racial Equity is a non-fiction book by the anti-racist writer and educator Tim Wise...

Croatia (NDH) during World War II in Yugoslavia. He signed into law several racial laws against Serbs, Jews, and Roma, and was responsible for a string of...

exploration of race was informed by her own mixed racial heritage and the increasingly common practice of racial passing in the 1920s. Praised upon publication...

"Asiatic people") is an umbrella term for people who belong to any ethnic, racial, or national group with origins in Asia. It is most often used in contexts...

The long, hot summer of 1967 refers to an outbreak of widespread racial unrest across major American cities during the summer of 1967, where over 150 riots...

As a reaction to the murder of George Floyd on May 25, 2020, racial justice activists and some residents of the Powderhorn community in Minneapolis staged...

Airport racial profiling in the United States is U.S. government activity directed at a suspect or group of suspects because of their race or ethnicity...

the ancient Israelites and are therefore God's "chosen people". It is a racial interpretation of Christianity and is not an organized religion, nor is...

country, and includes riots based on ethnic, sectarian, xenophobic, and racial conflict. Some of these riots can also be classified as pogroms. 1824: Providence...

Racism against Northeast Indians refers to racial prejudice, discrimination, physical violence, sexual harassment, and systematic exclusion directed at...

Nice Racism: How Progressive White People Perpetuate Racial Harm is a 2021 book by Robin DiAngelo on the subject of race relations in the United States...

The Battle of Bamber Bridge is the name given to an outbreak of racial violence involving American soldiers stationed in the village of Bamber Bridge,...

Rising Tide of Color Against White World-Supremacy (1920). He advocated a racial hierarchy which he believed needed to be preserved through anti-miscegenation...

Latin American countries and their diasporas are multi-ethnic and multi-racial. Latin Americans are a pan-ethnicity consisting of people of different ethnic...

California, Santa Barbara. Winant is best known for developing the theory of racial formation along with Michael Omi. Winant's research and teachings revolve...

negry), are citizens of Russia who have any ancestry from any of the Black racial groups of Africa. The Metis Foundation estimates that there were about 30...

had their own chiefs. As a white supremacist, Bull Connor enforced legal racial segregation and denied civil rights to Black citizens, especially during...

Self-segregation or auto-segregation is the separation of a religious, ethnic, or racial group from other groups in a country by the group itself naturally. This...

(1896), was a landmark United States Supreme Court decision ruling that racial segregation laws did not violate the U.S. Constitution as long as the facilities...

characteristics, most often gender. More types of occupational segregation include racial and ethnicity segregation, and sexual orientation segregation. These demographic...

(CRARR), and filed a case with the Quebec Human Rights Commission based racial and gender discrimination. She won her case and was awarded $14,500 in damages...

"non-Aryan", such as Jewish, ancestry as they were classified by the Nuremberg racial laws of 1935. In German, the word has the general connotation of “hybrid”...

of Mussolini's fall from power, the Badoglio government suppressed the Racial Laws in the Kingdom of Italy. They remained enforced and were made more...

of Statistics (ONE) has not released racial data since 1960, though the Central Electoral Board collected racial data until 2014. The 1996 electoral roll...

district leaders to talk about allegations of racial discrimination and harassment, including claims of racial profiling, being called "savages", and inaction...

insulated from feelings of racial discomfort. She describes racism as systematic rather than overt and conscious, arguing that racial segregation has shaped...

social relations Historical race concepts, obsolete definitions of human racial groups Racing, a competition of speed Mill race, millrace, or millrun, the...

racist. The concept of a figleaf was created by Jennifer Saul, who coined "racial figleaves" and "gender figleaves", who says that they come from the social...

with more than one million individuals. White Americans form the largest racial and ethnic group at 61.6% of the U.S. population, with non-Hispanic Whites...

climate. Former employees alleged that Dees was "complicit" in harassment and racial discrimination, and said that at least one female employee had accused him...

place in and around Los Angeles, California, and muses about the state of racial relations in the U.S. today. In October 2016, it won the Booker Prize, making...

2010 United States census, there were 170 people living in the town. The racial makeup of the town was 72.4% Black and 24.7% White. 2.9% were Hispanic or...

its laws, policies, or decisions. According to this doctrine, any use of racial classifications, whether intended to benefit or disadvantage certain groups...

boycott was a political and social protest campaign against the policy of racial segregation on the public transit system of Montgomery, Alabama. It was...

Court decisions, such as Brown v. Board of Education (1954; prohibiting racial segregation in public schools), Loving v. Virginia (1967; ending interracial...

workers. Moreover, Nazi racial policies considered the populations of western Europe more racially acceptable to Aryan standards of racial purity. In practice...