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Hatf-VIII Ra'ad
Hatf-VIII Ra'ad
	The Hatf-VIII Ra'ad on a Pakistan Air Force's F-16D platform, artist impression.
Type	ALCM
Place of origin	Pakistan
Service history
In service	2012–Present
Used by	Pakistan Air Force; Air Force Strategic Command;
Production history
Designer	National Engineering & Scientific Commission; (Guidance/controls); Air Weapons Complex; (Warhead design/assembly)
Designed	1998–2007
Manufacturer	Air Weapons Complex
Variants	Ra'ad II
Specifications (Technical data)
Mass	1,100 kg (2,400 lb)
Length	4.85 m (15.9 ft)
Diameter	0.50 m (20 in)
Maximum firing range	550 km (340 mi)
Warhead	ICM/HE/NE
Warhead weight	450 kg (990 lb)
Blast yield	5 kilotons of TNT (21 TJ)—12 kilotons of TNT (50 TJ)
Engine	Turbojet
Payload capacity	450 kg (990 lb)
Operational; range	350 km (220 mi)–550 km (340 mi)
Flight altitude	Terrain-following
Maximum speed	≤0.8 Mach.; (980 km/h (610 mph))
Guidance; system	Inertial, Terminal
Accuracy	3.0 m (9.8 ft) CEP
Launch; platform	F-16A/B, Mirage-IIIR
Transport	Combat aircraft

Ra'ad (Urdu: رعد, lit. 'Thunder'), military designation Hatf-VIII Ra'ad ('Target-8'), is a subsonic, standoff air-launched cruise missile (ALCM) jointly designed and developed by the National Engineering & Scientific Commission (NESCOM) and Air Weapons Complex.

It is deployed in the military service of Pakistan Air Force as Hatf-VIII, and has provided Pakistan with aerial nuclear deterrence.^{: 388–389}^[3]

Development

Design and development of Ra'ad begins in 1998 with the program being delegated to National Engineering & Scientific Commission (NESCOM) that worked with Pakistan Air Force's engineering laboratory— Air Weapons Complex.^: 246^[3]

Not much has been known about the development of the program since it was designed and engineered in secrecy with military leading the program. Pakistan's engineering feat on designing the cruise missiles attracted the Western sources leveled allegations on China on collaboration and later placing blame on Apartheid South Africa, which was strongly refuted former program manager General Mirza Aslam Beg, crediting to scientists for achieving this feat.^{: 247–248}^[3]

Technical design

Codenamed as Ra'ad (lit. Thunder), the design engineering and its control system is developed by the NESCOM while weapon guidance, warhead design, and engine design was undertaken by the Pakistan Air Force's Air Weapons Complex.^[4] Ra'ad features uses principles of stealth to avoid enemy detection, and is verified to carry tactical NE warheads at 350 km (220 mi).^[5]^[4] According to Pakistani military, Ra'ad flies with subsonic speed at low altitude and follows terrain with high maneuverability.^[4]

In Pakistani military deployment, Ra'ad has a unique military identification as Hatf-VIII (lit. Target-8) with mission for precision attacks on high value targets including command centers, radars, surface-to-air missile launchers, ballistic missile launchers and stationary warships.^[6] The second derivative of Ra'ad is deployed as Ra'ad-II, which has an extended range of 600 km (370 mi).^[5]

The Ra'ad can carry 450 kg (990 lb) ammunition load with estimated blast yield of 5 kilotons of TNT (21 TJ)—12 kilotons of TNT (50 TJ).^[1]

Operational history

Data acquisition and validation

On 25 August 2007, the Inter-Services Public Relations (ISPR) announced the first test of Ra'ad.^[5] On 8 May 2008, a second test for validation was conducted when a military footage showed that the Ra'ad being launched from the Pakistan Air Force's Mirage-IIIR.^[7]^[8] A third test was carried out on 29 April 2011, also from a Mirage-IIIR platform.^[9]^[10]^[11] The fourth test was carried out on 30 May 2012; a fifth test of the missile was carried out on 2 February 2015.^[12] A seventh test was carried out on 19 January 2016.^[13]

The Pakistan Air Force chose the Mirage-IIIR as its platform as opposed to F-16A/B to avoid American objections despite it being widely understood that PAF's F-16A/B are also capable Ra'ad launch platforms.^{: 388–389}^[3] Though initial tests have been conducted from a PAF's Mirage IIIR, there is potential to integrate this missile with other platforms such as the JF-17.^[4]

With the development and deployment of Hatf-VIII Ra'ad, it has provided Pakistan with aerial nuclear deterrence to penetrate Indian Air Force defenses and its air force disparity.^{: 388–389}^[3]