The Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms (French: Charte des droits et libertés de la personne), also known as the "Quebec Charter", is a statutory bill of rights and human rights code passed by the National Assembly of Quebec on June 27, 1975. It received Royal Assent from Lieutenant Governor Hugues Lapointe, coming into effect on June 28, 1976. Introduced by the Liberal government of Robert Bourassa, the Charter followed extensive preparatory work that began under the Union Nationale government of Daniel Johnson.
The Charter recognizes that every person on the territory of Quebec is equal in value and in dignity. Since the Charter aims to guarantee human rights and to harmonize the relations between citizens, and between citizens and institutions, the Charter binds the state (legislature, executive, administrative) and applies to private law relations (between persons). The Charter also establishes the Commission des droits de la personne et des droits de la jeunesse (Human Rights and Youth Rights Commission, also known by its acronym "CDPDJ"), charged to promote and apply the Charter, and the Human Rights Tribunal of Québec (French: Tribunal des droits de la personne).
The Charter ranks among other quasi-constitutional Quebec laws, such as the Charter of the French Language and the Act respecting Access to documents held by public bodies and the Protection of personal information. Having precedence over all provincial legislation (including the latter), the Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms stands at the pinnacle of Quebec's legal system. Only the Constitution of Canada, including the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, enjoys priority over the Quebec charter. Other Canadian provinces and territories have adopted similar laws.
The Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms consists of seven parts:
The Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms is unique among Canadian (and North American) human rights documents in that it covers not only the fundamental (civil and political) human rights but also a number of important social and economic rights. The protections contained in the Charter are inspired by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights.
Furthermore, the list of prohibited grounds of discrimination included in the Quebec Charter is extensive; a total of fourteen prohibited grounds are enumerated, including race, colour, ethnic or national origin, sex, pregnancy, age, disability, and language. "Social condition" has been a prohibited ground of discrimination since the charter came into force. Discrimination based on sexual orientation has been prohibited since 1977; with that change, Quebec became the first jurisdiction larger than a city or county to prohibit anti-gay discrimination. In 2016, gender identity or expression was added to the Quebec Charter.[1]
Every person, group, institution, private persons, public and private services, as well as the government of Quebec (its institution and the municipal and school governmental administration) are bound by the Charter. Therefore, an illicit violation of the Charter, whether by a private party or by the provincial Crown, may give rise to a cease-and-desist order and to compensation for damages. Punitive damages may be awarded in case of an intentional and unlawful violation.
The Quebec Charter does not apply to federally regulated activities in Quebec, such as the federal public services, banks, telecom companies (e.g.: CBC, Bell, Rogers), and air, rail, or sea transport services (e.g.: Air Canada, Via Rail). Those are subject to the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms and/or the Canadian Human Rights Act.
The Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms is called quasi-constitutional because, according to section 52, no provision of any other Act passed by the Quebec National Assembly may derogate from sections 1 to 38, unless such Act expressly states that it applies despite the charter (roughly acting as an equivalent opt-out to the notwithstanding clause of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms).[2] A total impossibility to adopt derogating laws could be considered incompatible with parliamentary sovereignty, a fundamental principle in political systems following the British tradition; however, Canada, of which Quebec is a province, has a tradition of constitutional supremacy. Its Constitution, which includes the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, is supreme, binding the federal parliament and the legislative assemblies of Canada's provinces and territories.
The Quebec Charter's supremacy under its section 52 applies to the following categories of rights: fundamental rights and freedoms (the right to life, free speech, freedom of religion, the right to privacy, etc.); the right to equality; political rights; and judicial rights. Economic and social rights do not enjoy supremacy but, according to the Supreme Court of Canada in the 2002 case of Gosselin v. Quebec (Attorney General), failure to respect such a right may give rise to a judicial declaration of violation.
The Charter provides for specific machinery in cases of discrimination (or exploitation of an elderly person or person with a disability). Instead of introducing litigation in court, victims of such a violation may file a complaint with the Human Rights and Youth Rights Commission. The commission will investigate the matter and attempt to foster a settlement between the parties. It may recommend corrective measures. If those are not followed, the commission may introduce litigation before a court (usually, but not necessarily, the Human Rights Tribunal). Victims can be represented free of charge by the commission (subject to the commission's discretion).
The Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms followed extensive preparatory work that began under the Union Nationale government of Daniel Johnson.
Before the adoption of the Charter, Quebec did not have a Bill of Rights, unlike some of the other provinces. At that time, the Civil Code (Code civil du Bas-Canada) served to protect some Human Rights and Freedoms. The Ligue des droits de l'Homme (now the Ligue des droits et libertés) convinced the government of the importance of protecting Human Rights through a specific law.[3] Many famous law professors at the time, such as Paul-André Crépeau, Jacques-Yvan Morin and Frank Scott, took part in drafting the Bill that would eventually become the Quebec Charter.
On October 29, 1974, the minister of Justice, the liberal Jérôme Choquette, introduced the Bill before the National Assembly of Quebec. The Charter was adopted unanimously by the Assembly on June 27, 1975, and came into force on June 28, 1976.
Since it came into force, the Charter was modified many times in order to better guarantee Human Rights:
Note that except when the legislator modifies the text of the Charter, the evolution of the Charter and the interpretation of its disposition are the result not only from the decisions of the courts, but also from the struggles carried out by civil society.[6]
Notable cases decided under the Charter include:
Mountain in Italy Cima ValdrittaCima Valdritta summitHighest pointElevation2,218 m (7,277 ft)[1]Prominence1,950 m (6,400 ft)[2]Isolation22.34 km (13.88 mi) ListingUltraCoordinates45°43′35″N 10°50′38″E / 45.72639°N 10.84389°E / 45.72639; 10.84389[2]GeographyCima ValdrittaVeneto, northern Italy Parent rangeAlps, Brescia and Garda PrealpsClimbingEasiest routerock/snow climb Cima Valdritta is the high…
Japanese manga series The Cornered Mouse Dreams of CheeseCover of the Japanese version's first edition, released on January 26, 2006 (2006-01-26)窮鼠はチーズの夢を見る(Kyūso wa Chīzu no Yume o Miru)GenreYaoi[a] MangaWritten bySetona MizushiroPublished byShogakukanEnglish publisherNA: Seven Seas EntertainmentImprintJudy ComicsFlower Comics Alpha (re-release)MagazineNightly JudyDemographicJoseiOriginal run2004 – 2006Volumes1 MangaThe Carp on the Chop…
Decodificador de televisión por cable norma DVB-C La televisión por suscripción, televisión de pago o televisión por abonados[1][2][3][4] es un servicio de televisión con contenidos exclusivos, adicional a un paquete base de canales.[5] Para su visualización, se requiere abonarse a la compañía distribuidora, estando disponible a través de plataformas multicanal por cable o satélite, y plataformas en línea de vídeo bajo demanda (VOD). El servicio de…
Welsh-American academic and baseball player (1872-1936) For other people named Edward Lewis, see Edward Lewis (disambiguation). Edward Morgan LewisEdward M. Lewis circa 1922President of the Massachusetts Agricultural College (now the University of Massachusetts Amherst)In office1924–19275th President of the University of New HampshireIn office1927–1936Preceded byRalph D. HetzelSucceeded byFred Engelhardt Personal detailsBorn(1872-12-25)25 December 1872Machynlleth, WalesDied23 March 1936(1936…
American astronaut and test pilot (1930–1970) For the president of the Heartland Institute, see James Taylor (lawyer). James M. TaylorBorn(1930-11-27)November 27, 1930Stamps, Arkansas, U.S.DiedSeptember 4, 1970(1970-09-04) (aged 39)Palmdale, California, U.S.NationalityAmericanAlma materUniversity of Michigan, B.S. 1959OccupationTest pilotSpace careerUSAF AstronautRank Lieutenant colonel, USAFSelection1965 USAF MOL Group 1MissionsNoneRetirement1969 James Martin Taylor (November 27, 19…
Multiple of the unit byte This article is about the decimal unit of data. For binary unit of 10242 bytes, see mebibyte. For other uses, see Megabyte (disambiguation). MByte redirects here. For the battery electric car from Byton, see Byton M-Byte. Not to be confused with megabit. vte Multiple-byte units Decimal Value Metric 1000 kB kilobyte 10002 MB megabyte 10003 GB gigabyte 10004 TB terabyte 10005 PB petabyte 10006 EB exabyte 10007 ZB zettabyte 10008 YB yottabyte 10009 RB ronnabyte 100010 QB q…
Open 13 2015Qualificazioni singolare Sport Tennis Tornei Singolare Singolare (q) Doppio Doppio 2014 2016 Voce principale: Open 13 2015. Le qualificazioni del singolare dell'Open 13 2015 sono state un torneo di tennis preliminare per accedere alla fase finale della manifestazione. I vincitori dell'ultimo turno sono entrati di diritto nel tabellone principale. In caso di ritiro di uno o più giocatori aventi diritto a questi sono subentrati i lucky loser, ossia i giocatori che hanno perso n…
1969 studio album by Sunny MurraySunshineStudio album by Sunny MurrayReleased1969RecordedAugust 15, 1969StudioStudio Saravah, ParisGenreFree jazzLabelBYG Actuel529.348Sunny Murray chronology Sunny Murray(1966) Sunshine(1969) Big Chief(1969) Sunshine is an album by American free jazz drummer Sunny Murray, his third as a leader. It was recorded in Paris in August 1969, and released on the BYG Actuel label later that year.[1] On the album, Murray is joined by Arthur Jones and Roscoe…
Este artigo não cita fontes confiáveis. Ajude a inserir referências. Conteúdo não verificável pode ser removido.—Encontre fontes: ABW • CAPES • Google (N • L • A) (Abril de 2021) Univers Zéro Univers ZéroUnivers Zéro ao vivo em La Maison Française em 2010. Informação geral Origem Bruxelas País Bélgica Gênero(s) Rock progressivoRock in OppositionArt rockInstrumentalChamber musicAvant-garde rock Período em atividade …
Едвард Охабпол. Edward Ochab Народився 16 серпня 1906(1906-08-16)[1][2][…]Краків, Королівство Галичини та Володимирії, Долитавщина, Австро-УгорщинаПомер 1 травня 1989(1989-05-01)[1][2][4] (82 роки)Варшава, Польська Народна РеспублікаПоховання Військові Повонзки : Країна …
EC Bregenzerwald Größte Erfolge Meister der Inter-National-League 2013, 2016 Vereinsinformationen Geschichte EHC Bregenzerwald (1985–2016)EC Bregenzerwald (seit 2016) Standort Vorarlberg, Österreich Spitzname Wälder Tigers Vereinsfarben Grün, Schwarz Liga Alps Hockey League Spielstätte Messestadion Dornbirn Kapazität 4.270 Plätze Cheftrainer Finnland Markus Juurikkala Saison 2018/19 Platz 14, Playoffs verpasst Messestadion Dornbirn Der EC Bregenzerwald ist ein österreichischer Eishock…
هذه المقالة يتيمة إذ تصل إليها مقالات أخرى قليلة جدًا. فضلًا، ساعد بإضافة وصلة إليها في مقالات متعلقة بها. (فبراير 2017) كازو موري (باليابانية: 森一生) معلومات شخصية الميلاد 15 يناير 1911 ماتسوياما، إهيمه تاريخ الوفاة 29 يونيو 1989 (78 سنة) الجنسية اليابان الحياة العمل…
1988 film directed by Joan Micklin Silver Crossing DelanceyTheatrical release posterDirected byJoan Micklin SilverWritten bySusan SandlerBased onCrossing Delancey1985 playby Susan SandlerProduced byMichael NozikStarring Amy Irving Peter Riegert Reizl Bozyk Jeroen Krabbé Sylvia Miles CinematographyTheo Van de SandeEdited byRick ShaineMusic byPaul ChiharaProductioncompanyWarner Bros.Distributed byWarner Bros.Release date September 16, 1988 (1988-09-16) Running time97 minutesCountry…
Sekolah Tinggi Guru Huria HKBP Seminarium SipoholonMotoGabe Guru Huria Na GuruJenisPerguruan Tinggi SwastaDidirikan1901; 121 tahun lalu (1901) (sebagai Seminarium Pansur Napitu)1946 (berdiri kembali sebagai Sekolah Guru Huria)2007 (berdiri sebagai STGH HKBP Seminarium Sipoholon)RektorPdt. Manaek Simanungkalit, M.Pd.K.LokasiSipoholon, Tapanuli Utara, Sumatera Utara, IndonesiaKampusUrbanAfiliasiHuria Kristen Batak Protestan (HKBP)Situs webstghhkbp.ac.id Sekolah Tinggi Guru Huria HKBP Seminari…
SipitangDistrik dan KotaNegara MalaysiaNegara bagian SabahDivisiDalamPopulasi (2010) • Total34.862Situs webwww.sabah.gov.my/pd.sptg Sipitang adalah sebuah kota, distrik dan juga konstituensi parlementer yang terletak di Divisi Dalam, Sabah, timur Malaysia, pulau Borneo. Jumlah penduduk pada distrik tersebut adalah 12,076 pada 1980[1] dan 24,349 pada 1991. Pada 2000, jumlah penduduknya bertambah menjadi 29,256 sementara pada 2010, 34,862.[2][3] T…
هذه المقالة تحتاج للمزيد من الوصلات للمقالات الأخرى للمساعدة في ترابط مقالات الموسوعة. فضلًا ساعد في تحسين هذه المقالة بإضافة وصلات إلى المقالات المتعلقة بها الموجودة في النص الحالي. (ديسمبر 2017) القيمة الاسمية (بالإنجليزية: Par Value) تعني في التمويل والحساب القيمة المعلنة.[1…
Series of protests, mostly in Madrid This article needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (December 2023) 2023 Spanish protestsPart of 2023 Spanish government formationDemonstration in Plaza de Colón on 29 October 2023 (top); protest against the amnesty in Calle de Ferraz on 6 November (bottom)Date29 October 2023 – present(1 month and 5 days)LocationSpain, primarily MadridCaused by Negotiations to form a new gover…
Gothic Novel by Ann Radcliffe This article relies largely or entirely on a single source. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. Please help improve this article by introducing citations to additional sources.Find sources: A Sicilian Romance – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (October 2016) A Sicilian Romance Title page to the 1792 editionAuthorAnn RadcliffeCountryUnited KingdomLanguageEnglishGenre Gothic Horror Romance Published179…
Virenque beim Prolog der Tour 2004 Richard Virenque (1993) Richard Virenque (* 19. November 1969 in Casablanca, Marokko) ist ein ehemaliger französischer Radrennfahrer. Der Bergspezialist gewann siebenmal das Gepunktete Trikot der Tour de France und ist damit Rekordsieger der Bergwertung. Wegen seiner Beteiligung in der Festina-Affäre 1998 wurde gegen ihn im Jahr 2000 eine halbjährige Dopingsperre verhängt. Karriere Virenque begann seine Profikarriere 1991. Ein Jahr später fuhr er bei der T…
1999 Japanese adult visual novel, manga, and anime television series For the Korean band, see Toheart (band). To HeartCover of the first regular edition for PCGenreDrama, Harem, Romance GameDeveloperLeafPublisherAquaplusGenreEroge, Visual novelPlatformWindows, PS, PS2, PSPReleasedMay 23, 1997 (Original Windows) March 25, 1999 (PS) MangaWritten byLeafIllustrated byUkyō TakaoPublished byMediaWorksEnglish publisherUS: ADV MangaMagazineDengeki DaiohDemographicShōnenOriginal runOctob…
Lokasi Pengunjung: 18.118.184.63