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Pushpa Sundar Tuladhar (Nepali: पुष्पसुन्दर तुलाधर; 1885-1935) was a prominent merchant of Kathmandu and one of the chief donors to the restoration of the Swayambhu stupa in 1918.^[1] Swayambhu, a UNESCO World Heritage Site,^[2] is one of the holiest Buddhist shrines in Nepal and the center of Newar Buddhism.^[3] The renovation project was headed by his father-in-law Dharma Man Tuladhar and completed in 1921.^[4]^[5]

Early life

Tuladhar was born at Asan Dhalasikwa in Kathmandu, the eldest among two sons and three daughters of father Shubha Sundar and mother Mohan Maya Tuladhar. The Tuladhars were hereditary merchants and owned a business house in Lhasa known as Ghorasyar. They conducted trade between Nepal, Tibet and India, transporting merchandise over the Himalaya by mule caravan. This trade route forms part of the Silk Road.

The family also maintained a business office in Kolkata, India. The firm was named Pushpa Sundar Kula Ratna and it was located at 401/1 Upper Chitpur Road. Tuladhar divided his time between Kathmandu, Lhasa and Kolkata. He married Dhan Maya Tuladhar around 1916 who bore him three sons.^[6]

Contributions

Tuladhar was a devout Buddhist and made large donations to renovate Buddhist places of worship. The renovation of 1918 was the last major project done at Swayambhu until the recent one which was completed in 2010.^[7] Pushpa Sundar and his cousin brothers Harsha Sundar and Ram Sundar Tuladhar financed the improvement of the lower portion of the stupa. Under the restoration project, the five Buddha shrines set into the dome were covered with gilt copper, a new statue of Vairocana Buddha was installed on the east side, and four new shrines were built to house statues of Tara.^[8]^[9]

In 1920, the Tuladhar family funded the refurbishment of the roof of the Jana Baha Temple in Kathmandu. The lower tile roofs on three sides of the pagoda were replaced with roofs of gilt copper.^[10] The temple houses an image of Jana Baha Dyah,^[11] known in Sanskrit as Aryavalokitesvara (Sacred Avalokiteśvara), a bodhisattva who embodies compassion.

Later years

Following the restoration of Swayambhu, Tuladhar went to Lhasa again in about 1925. In 1935, he came down with dropsy and decided to return home. Tuladhar died on the trade route in Tibet a few days after his caravan departed from Lhasa.^[12]

References

^ Shrestha, Suresh Suras (2010). "People's Involvement in Heritage Conservation: Swayambhu Stupa Conservation" (PDF). Cultural Heritage Protection Office, Asia-Pacific Cultural Centre for UNESCO (ACCU). Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 July 2011. Retrieved 26 May 2011. Page 19.
^ "Kathmandu Valley: Long Description". United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. Retrieved 27 May 2011.
^ v. Rospatt, Alexander (2002). "The Survival of Mahayana Buddhism in Nepal" (PDF). Buddhismus in Geschichte um’ Gegenwart. Hamburg: Universitat Hamburg. Retrieved 7 June 2011. Page 10.
^ Gutschow, Niels; Gellner, David N. and Basukala, Bijay (1997) The Nepalese Caitya: 1500 Years of Buddhist Votive Architecture in the Kathmandu Valley. Edition Axel Menges. ISBN 3-930698-75-7. Page 92
^ Shakya, Hem Raj. (2004) Sri Svayambhu Mahacaitya. Kathmandu: Svayambhu Vikash Mandala. ISBN 99933-864-0-5. Page 319.
^ Tuladhar, Kamal Ratna (2011) Caravan to Lhasa: A Merchant of Kathmandu in Traditional Tibet. Kathmandu: Lijala & Tisa. ISBN 99946-58-91-3. Page 31.
^ "Restoration of Swayambhu Stupa to complete in Feb 2010". The Rising Nepal. 11 February 2010. Archived from the original on 10 March 2012. Retrieved 26 May 2011.
^ Shrestha, Suresh Suras (2010). "People's Involvement in Heritage Conservation: Swayambhu Stupa Conservation" (PDF). Cultural Heritage Protection Office, Asia-Pacific Cultural Centre for UNESCO (ACCU). Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 July 2011. Retrieved 26 May 2011. Page 19.
^ Shakya, Hem Raj. (2004) Sri Svayambhu Mahacaitya. Kathmandu: Svayambhu Vikash Mandala. ISBN 99933-864-0-5. Page 320.
^ Locke, John Kerr (1980) Karunamaya: The Cult of Avalokitesvara-Matsyendranath in the Valley of Nepal. Kathmandu: Sahayogi Prakashan for Research Centre for Nepal and Asian Studies, Tribhuvan University. Page 134.
^ Locke, John K. (1985) Buddhist Monasteries of Nepal: A Survey of the Bahas and Bahis of the Kathmandu Valley. Kathmandu: Sahayogi Press. Page 308.
^ Tuladhar, Kamal Ratna (2011) Caravan to Lhasa: A Merchant of Kathmandu in Traditional Tibet. Kathmandu: Lijala & Tisa. ISBN 99946-58-91-3. Page 31.