Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions...

Protein–protein interactions (PPIs) are physical contacts of high specificity established between two or more protein molecules as a result of biochemical...

Whey protein is a mixture of proteins isolated from whey, the liquid material created as a by-product of cheese production. The proteins consist of α-lactalbumin...

types of molecular genes: protein-coding genes and non-coding genes. During gene expression (the synthesis of RNA or protein from a gene), DNA is first...

Proteins are essential nutrients for the human body. They are one of the constituents of body tissue and also serve as a fuel source. As fuel, proteins...

Protein A is a 42 kDa surface protein originally found in the cell wall of the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus. It is encoded by the spa gene and its regulation...

In biochemistry, a protein dimer is a macromolecular complex or multimer formed by two protein monomers, or single proteins, which are usually non-covalently...

A prion (/ˈpriːɒn/ ) is a misfolded protein that induces folding problems in normal variants of the same protein, leading to cellular death. Prions are...

Protein folding is the physical process by which a protein, after synthesis by a ribosome as a linear chain of amino acids, changes from an unstable random...

polypeptide chain. Protein complexes are a form of quaternary structure. Proteins in a protein complex are linked by non-covalent protein–protein interactions...

Protein structure is the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms in an amino acid-chain molecule. Proteins are polymers – specifically polypeptides – formed...

Protein–protein interaction screening refers to the identification of Protein–protein interaction with high-throughput screening methods such as computer-...

Protein engineering is the process of developing useful or valuable proteins through the design and production of unnatural polypeptides, often by altering...

Protein toxicity is the effect of the buildup of protein metabolic waste compounds, like urea, uric acid, ammonia, and creatinine. Protein toxicity has...

A protein corona is a dynamic coating of biomolecules, usually proteins, around the surface of a nanoparticle that forms spontaneously in colloidal nanomaterials...

A protein supplement is a dietary supplement or a bodybuilding supplement, and usually comes in the form of a protein bar, protein powder, and even readily...

Protein precipitation is widely used in downstream processing of biological products in order to concentrate proteins and purify them from various contaminants...

Lattice proteins are highly simplified models of protein-like heteropolymer chains on lattice conformational space which are used to investigate protein folding...

binding protein Telomere-binding protein RNA-binding protein Poly(A)-binding protein Nuclear cap-binding protein complex CREB-binding protein Calcium-binding...

Protein combining or protein complementing is a dietary theory for protein nutrition that purports to optimize the biological value of protein intake....

The tau proteins (abbreviated from tubulin associated unit) form a group of six highly soluble protein isoforms produced by alternative splicing from the...

A complete protein or whole protein is a food source of protein that contains an adequate proportion of each of the nine essential amino acids necessary...

to investigate protein–protein interactions which are the physical contacts of high specificity established between two or more protein molecules. This...

Protein quality is the digestibility and quantity of essential amino acids for providing the proteins in correct ratios for human consumption. There are...

Fusion proteins or chimeric proteins (literally, made of parts from different sources) are proteins created through the joining of two or more genes that...

protein in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Protein is an organic compound made of amino acids. Protein may also refer to: Protein (nutrient) Protein...

transmembrane protein is a type of integral membrane protein that spans the entirety of the cell membrane. Many transmembrane proteins function as gateways...

molecular chaperones are proteins that assist the conformational folding or unfolding of proteins or macromolecular protein complexes. There are a number...

A protein family is a group of evolutionarily related proteins. In many cases, a protein family has a corresponding gene family, in which each gene encodes...

In molecular biology, protein aggregation is a phenomenon in which intrinsically-disordered or misfolded proteins aggregate (clump together) and accumulate...

In virology, a spike protein or peplomer protein is a protein that forms a large structure known as a spike or peplomer projecting from the surface of...

Protein G is an immunoglobulin-binding protein expressed in group C and G streptococcal bacteria much like protein A but with differing binding specificities...

prion protein (PrP) is encoded in the human body by the PRNP gene also known as CD230 (cluster of differentiation 230). Expression of the protein is most...

Protein biosynthesis, or protein synthesis, is a core biological process, occurring inside cells, balancing the loss of cellular proteins (via degradation...

Protein bars are convenience food that contain a high proportion of protein relative to carbohydrates and fats. Despite the label focusing on protein...

Soy protein is a protein that is isolated from soybean. It is made from soybean meal that has been dehulled and defatted. Dehulled and defatted soybeans...

Protein phosphorylation is one of the most common forms of reversible protein posttranslational modification (PTM), with up to 30% of all proteins being...

G proteins, also known as guanine nucleotide-binding proteins, are a family of proteins that act as molecular switches inside cells, and are involved...

design, drug discovery, protein structure alignment, protein structure prediction, prediction of gene expression and protein–protein interactions, genome-wide...

of proteins. Understanding protein–protein interactions is important for the investigation of intracellular signaling pathways, modelling of protein complex...

contains membrane proteins, including integral proteins that span the membrane and serve as transporters, and peripheral proteins that attach to the...

Pea protein is a food product and protein supplement derived and extracted from yellow and green split peas, Pisum sativum. It can be used as a dietary...

Protein targeting or protein sorting is the biological mechanism by which proteins are transported to their appropriate destinations within or outside...

developed by DeepMind, a subsidiary of Alphabet, which performs predictions of protein structure. It is designed using deep learning techniques. AlphaFold 1 (2018)...

amounts of greenhouse gas emissions per gram of edible protein of any food (1.6 kg CO2/ 100 g protein). The English word "tofu" comes from Japanese tōfu (豆腐)...

Kelch proteins (and Kelch-like proteins) are a widespread group of proteins that contain multiple Kelch motifs. The kelch domain generally occurs as a...

A protein precursor, also called a pro-protein or pro-peptide, is an inactive protein (or peptide) that can be turned into an active form by post-translational...

Membrane proteins are common proteins that are part of, or interact with, biological membranes. Membrane proteins fall into several broad categories depending...

Protein detection is used for clinical diagnosis, treatment and biological research. Protein detection evaluates the concentration and amount of different...

Protein methods are the techniques used to study proteins. There are experimental methods for studying proteins (e.g., for detecting proteins, for isolating...

Proteomics is the large-scale study of proteins. The proteome is the entire set of proteins produced or modified by an organism or system. Proteomics is...

Protein structure prediction is the inference of the three-dimensional structure of a protein from its amino acid sequence—that is, the prediction of...

by a prion, an infectious, abnormally folded variant of a protein called the prion protein. About 85% of cases of CJD occur for unknown reasons ('sporadic...

molecules of DNA or RNA that encode the structure of the proteins by which the virus acts; (ii) a protein coat, the capsid, which surrounds and protects the...

Textured or texturized vegetable protein (TVP), also known as textured soy protein, soy meat, or soya chunks, is a defatted soy flour product, a by-product...

A transformer protein (TFP) also known as a metamorphic protein is a protein that can interconvert between two or more shapes (also known as folds) each...

"value" of various kinds of protein. Measures include the biological value, net protein utilization, protein efficiency ratio, protein digestibility corrected...

SNARE proteins (soluble NSF attachment protein receptors) are a large protein family consisting of at least 24 members in yeasts and more than 60 members...

Protein design is the rational design of new protein molecules to design novel activity, behavior, or purpose, and to advance basic understanding of protein...

producing proteins that are secreted into the blood, including major plasma proteins, factors in hemostasis and fibrinolysis, carrier proteins, hormones...

Protein topology is a property of protein molecule that does not change under deformation (without cutting or breaking a bond). Two main topology frameworks...

C-reactive protein (CRP) is an annular (ring-shaped) pentameric protein found in blood plasma, whose circulating concentration rises in response to inflammation...

In molecular biology, a protein domain is a region of a protein's polypeptide chain that is self-stabilizing and folds independently from the rest. Each...

A protein deacetylase is any enzyme that removes acetyl groups from lysine amino acids in proteins. That is, it performs deacetylation. The main ones are...

effects on proteins caused by stressors such as increased temperatures, oxidative stress, and heavy metals. In a normal cell, proteostasis (protein homeostasis)...

Hydrolyzed protein is a solution derived from the hydrolysis of a protein into its component amino acids and/or peptides. Hydrolyzing down to the amino...

minor whey proteins. Sweet whey and acid whey are similar in gross nutritional analysis. By mass both contain 93% water, about 0.8% protein, and about...

fibrous proteins or scleroproteins are one of the three main classifications of protein structure (alongside globular and membrane proteins). Fibrous...

Protein sequencing is the practical process of determining the amino acid sequence of all or part of a protein or peptide. This may serve to identify the...

Protein Z (PZ or PROZ), vitamin K-dependent protein Z, is a protein encoded in the human by the PROZ gene. Protein Z is a member of the coagulation cascade...

Protein K may refer to: Protein K (porin), a porin expressed in pathogenic strains of E. coli Protein K (gene expression), a DNA- and RNA-binding protein...

complement protein C4b-binding protein (C4BP). In humans, protein S is encoded by the PROS1 gene. Protein S plays a role in coagulation. Protein S is named...

The wheat protein premium refers to the price differential (expressed as cents or dollars per bushel) that a high-protein wheat normally commands over...

activated protein C (APC). Protein C is activated in a sequence that starts with Protein C and thrombin binding to a cell surface protein thrombomodulin...

A protein kinase is a kinase which selectively modifies other proteins by covalently adding phosphates to them (phosphorylation) as opposed to kinases...

different species of Drosophila suggested that, if a mutation changes a protein produced by a gene, the result is likely to be harmful, with an estimated...

Protein moonlighting is a phenomenon by which a protein can perform more than one function. It is an example of gene sharing. Ancestral moonlighting proteins...

surface penetration occurring. The adsorption of larger biomolecules such as proteins is of high physiological relevance, and as such they adsorb with different...

A protein microarray (or protein chip) is a high-throughput method used to track the interactions and activities of proteins, and to determine their function...

Protein quaternary structure is the fourth (and highest) classification level of protein structure. Protein quaternary structure refers to the structure...

A nuclear protein is a protein found in the cell nucleus. Proteins are transported inside the nucleus with they help of the nuclear pore complex, which...

Rice protein is a vegan protein isolate made from rice. It is often used as an alternative to the more common whey and soy protein isolates. To make it...

In biochemistry, a hypothetical protein is a protein whose existence has been predicted, but for which there is a lack of experimental evidence that it...

Protein footprinting is a term used to refer to a method of biochemical analysis that investigates protein structure, assembly, and interactions within...

nucleic acid to protein may be possible, but transfer from protein to protein, or from protein to nucleic acid is impossible. Information here means the...

'to bind'. In protein-ligand binding, the ligand is usually a molecule which produces a signal by binding to a site on a target protein. The binding typically...

Sonic hedgehog protein (SHH) is a major signaling molecule of embryonic development in planulozoan animals, encoded by the SHH gene. This signaling molecule...

The net protein utilization (NPU) is the percentage of ingested nitrogen that is retained in the body. It is used to determine the nutritional efficiency...

Mycoprotein (lit. "protein from fungus"), also known as mycelium-based protein or fungal protein, is a form of single-cell protein derived from fungi...

a protein trimer is a macromolecular complex formed by three, usually non-covalently bound, macromolecules like proteins or nucleic acids. A protein trimer...

The Protein Information Resource (PIR), located at Georgetown University Medical Center, is an integrated public bioinformatics resource to support genomic...

Coat protein may refer to: Viral coat protein, a component of the capsid Variable surface glycoproteins or procyclins, surface coat proteins of either...

Protein subfamily is a level of protein classification, based on their close evolutionary relationship. It is below the larger levels of protein superfamily...

Transmembrane protein 151A, also known as TMEM151A, is a protein that is encoded by the TMEM151A gene. The gene encoding transmembrane protein 151A is located...

Activated protein C–protein C inhibitor (APC-PCI) is a complex of activated protein C (APC) and protein C inhibitor (PCI). It has been measured in coagulation...

Protein tags are peptide sequences genetically grafted onto a recombinant protein. Tags are attached to proteins for various purposes. They can be added...

DNA-binding proteins are proteins that have DNA-binding domains and thus have a specific or general affinity for single- or double-stranded DNA. Sequence-specific...

Protein C, also known as autoprothrombin IIA and blood coagulation factor XIV, is a zymogen, that is, an inactive enzyme. The activated form plays an...

cheap source of protein for animal feeds and many packaged meals. For example, soybean products, such as textured vegetable protein (TVP), are ingredients...

Protein tertiary structure is the three-dimensional shape of a protein. The tertiary structure will have a single polypeptide chain "backbone" with one...

inhibited by proteins produced by the cell; these inhibitory proteins target retinoblastoma tumor-suppressing proteins. These tumor-suppressing proteins regulate...

Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) or ice structuring proteins refer to a class of polypeptides produced by certain animals, plants, fungi and bacteria that permit...

Target proteins are functional biomolecules that are addressed and controlled by biologically active compounds. They are used in the processes of transduction...

molecular biology, proteins are generally thought to adopt unique structures determined by their amino acid sequences. However, proteins are not strictly...

membrane protein (IMP) is a type of membrane protein that is permanently attached to the biological membrane. All transmembrane proteins can be classified...

Protein splicing is an intramolecular reaction of a particular protein in which an internal protein segment (called an intein) is removed from a precursor...

Protein fingerprinting can refer to any of the several methods for identifying or differentiating proteins: Peptide mass fingerprinting, a method developed...

many viruses. DNA and ribonucleic acid (RNA) are nucleic acids. Alongside proteins, lipids and complex carbohydrates (polysaccharides), nucleic acids are...

A protein superfamily is the largest grouping (clade) of proteins for which common ancestry can be inferred (see homology). Usually this common ancestry...

Unconventional protein secretion (known as ER/Golgi-independent protein secretion or nonclassical protein export) represents a manner in which the proteins are delivered...

Serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP or SPE) is a laboratory test that examines specific proteins in the blood called globulins. The most common indications...

Protein Power is a high-protein, low carbohydrate fad diet developed by physician Michael R. Eades and his wife Mary Dan Eades. The Eades promoted the...

the protein and non-protein parts of the mixture, and finally separate the desired protein from all other proteins. Ideally, to study a protein of interest...

Methuselah-like 5 is a protein that in Drosophila is encoded by the Mthl5 (also known as Gia) gene. Methuselah-like 5 is a G protein coupled receptor (GPCR)...

A protein-sparing modified fast (PSMF) diet is a type of a very-low-calorie diet (<800 kcal per day) with a high proportion of protein calories and simultaneous...

and groups of viral proteins include structural proteins, nonstructural proteins, regulatory proteins, and accessory proteins. Viruses are non-living...

Protein mass spectrometry refers to the application of mass spectrometry to the study of proteins. Mass spectrometry is an important method for the accurate...

In biochemistry, globular proteins or spheroproteins are spherical ("globe-like") proteins and are one of the common protein types (the others being fibrous...

membrane protein also known as single-spanning protein or bitopic protein is a transmembrane protein that spans the lipid bilayer only once. These proteins may...

with diverse cellular Activities) proteins (more commonly referred to as "triple-A ATPases") are a large group of protein family sharing a common conserved...

Protein FAM46B also known as Terminal nucleotidyltransferase 5B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the gene TENT5B (previously FAM46B). FAM46B contains...

Translocator protein (TSPO) is an 18 kDa protein mainly found on the outer mitochondrial membrane. It was first described as peripheral benzodiazepine...

Protein Wisdom may refer to: Protein Wisdom (blog) – a conservative-libertarian weblog created by Jeff Goldstein "Protein Wisdom" – a low-protein diet...

Copper proteins are proteins that contain one or more copper ions as prosthetic groups. Copper proteins are found in all forms of air-breathing life. These...

protein may refer to: M protein (Streptococcus), a virulence factor of the bacterium Streptococcus pyogenes Viral matrix protein, structural protein linking...

Protein Science is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering research on the structure, function, and biochemical significance of proteins, their role...

may include venous insufficiency, heart failure, kidney problems, low protein levels, liver problems, deep vein thrombosis, infections, kwashiorkor,...

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), also known as seven-(pass)-transmembrane domain receptors, 7TM receptors, heptahelical receptors, serpentine receptors...

p53, also known as tumor protein p53, TP53, cellular tumor antigen p53 (UniProt name), or transformation-related protein 53 (TRP53) is a regulatory transcription...

Immunoglobulin-binding protein, or sometimes Immunoglobulin binding protein is a generic name for any protein that binds immunoglobulins. It, therefore...

Protein crystallization is the process of formation of a regular array of individual protein molecules stabilized by crystal contacts. If the crystal is...

proteins are members of a class of proteins which dictate the stereochemistry of a compound synthesized by other enzymes. The first dirigent protein was...

by far the most important are the 22 α-amino acids incorporated into proteins. Only these 22 appear in the genetic code of life. Amino acids can be classified...

P protein, also known as melanocyte-specific transporter protein or pink-eyed dilution protein homolog, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the oculocutaneous...

VirA is a protein histidine kinase which senses certain sugars and phenolic compounds. These compounds are typically found from wounded plants, and as...

Ubiquitin-like MOdifier) proteins are a family of small proteins that are covalently attached to and detached from other proteins in cells to modify their...

smooth protein shell; this structure is similar to the dengue fever virus, another Flavivirus. The protein shell is made of two structural proteins: the...

host cells. Not all viruses have envelopes. A viral envelope protein or E protein is a protein in the envelope, which may be acquired by the capsid from...

the found by PSI-BLAST proteins to the known families. The unclassified proteins are grouped according to similarity. PSI Protein Classifier allows to measure...

transport protein (variously referred to as a transmembrane pump, transporter, escort protein, acid transport protein, cation transport protein, or anion...

The Protein Society is an international, not-for-profit, scholarly society with the mission to provide forums for the advancement of research into protein...

Storage proteins serve as biological reserves of metal ions and amino acids, used by organisms. They are found in plant seeds, egg whites, and milk. Ferritin...

Protein music or, more broadly, genetic music (including DNA music) is a musical technique where music is composed by converting protein sequences or DNA...

rapamycin is a serine-threonine protein kinase that regulates cell growth, cell proliferation, cell motility, cell survival, protein synthesis, autophagy, and...

Antiviral proteins are proteins that are induced by human or animal cells to interfere with viral replication. These proteins are isolated to inhibit...

Strabismus was originally identified as a Drosophila protein involved in planar cell polarity. Flies with mutated strabismus genes have altered development...

Protein production is the biotechnological process of generating a specific protein. It is typically achieved by the manipulation of gene expression in...

A ribosomal protein (r-protein or rProtein) is any of the proteins that, in conjunction with rRNA, make up the ribosomal subunits involved in the cellular...

maintaining proteostasis include regulated protein translation, chaperone assisted protein folding, and protein degradation pathways. Adjusting each of these...

Arabinogalactan-proteins (AGPs) are highly glycosylated proteins (glycoproteins) found in the cell walls of plants. Each one consists of a protein with sugar...

Protein nanotechnology is a field of research that integrates the diverse physicochemical properties of proteins with nanoscale technology. This field...

Syntaxin-binding protein 1 (also known as Munc18-1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the STXBP1 gene. This gene encodes a syntaxin-binding protein. The encoded...

Omega Protein Corporation was a publicly traded US company, founded in 1913 as a fishing operation. As of 2015 it still operated a fishing fleet, and...

Transmembrane protein 268 is a protein that in humans is encoded by TMEM268 gene. The protein is a transmembrane protein of 342 amino acids long with eight...

Protein losing enteropathy (PLE) is a syndrome in which blood proteins are lost excessively via the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. It may be caused by many...

Plasma proteins, sometimes referred to as blood proteins, are proteins present in blood plasma. They perform many different functions, including transport...

vault protein, also known as lung resistance-related protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MVP gene. 78 copies of the protein assemble...

Motor proteins are a class of molecular motors that can move along the cytoskeleton of cells. They do this by converting chemical energy into mechanical...

Zinc finger protein 121 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZNF121 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000197961 – Ensembl, May 2017 "Human...

The SecY protein is the main transmembrane subunit of the bacterial Sec export pathway and of a protein-secreting ATPase complex, also known as a SecYEG...

subunit arrangements are observed in protein structures. A dodecamer (protein) is a protein complex with 12 protein subunits. A common subunit arrangement...

Tight junction protein are proteins that are involved in the formation and functioning of tight junctions; "Tight junction protein" may refer to: TJP1...

adaptors which can regulate the activity of other proteins through their ability to mediate protein-protein interactions. This family contains members in...

such a protein are monoclonal protein, M protein, M component, M spike, spike protein, or paraprotein. This proliferation of the myeloma protein has several...

Protein A/G is a recombinant fusion protein that combines IgG binding domains of both protein A and protein G. Protein A/G contains four Fc binding domains...

Protein expression may refer to: Gene expression, the processes that convert the information of DNA genes into a functional copies of mRNA in living cells...

biochemistry, protein carbonylation refers to oxidation of the side chains of proteins to introduce ketone (>C=O) and aldehyde (−CH=O) groups in a protein. The...

The Bradford protein assay (also known as the Coomassie protein assay) was developed by Marion M. Bradford in 1976. It is a quick and accurate spectroscopic...

Lipid-anchored proteins (also known as lipid-linked proteins) are proteins that are covalently attached to lipids embedded into biological membranes....

uncoupling protein (UCP) is a mitochondrial inner membrane protein that is a regulated proton channel or transporter. An uncoupling protein is thus capable...

Protein is a 2024 crime thriller film directed by Tony Burke (in his feature debut), based on his 2014 short film of the same name. It stars Craig Russell...

biology, a protein subunit is a polypeptide chain or single protein molecule that assembles (or "coassembles") with others to form a protein complex. Large...

in replication forks growing bi-directionally from the origin. Numerous proteins are associated with the replication fork to help in the initiation and...

a protein structure database is a database that is modeled around the various experimentally determined protein structures. The aim of most protein structure...

Smaug is a RNA-binding protein in Drosophila that helps in maternal to zygotic transition (MZT). The protein is named after the fictional character Smaug...

CCN proteins are a family of extracellular matrix (ECM)-associated proteins involved in intercellular signaling. Due to their dynamic role within the...

In cell biology, protein kinase A (PKA) is a family of serine-threonine kinases whose activity is dependent on cellular levels of cyclic AMP (cAMP). PKA...

Twinkle protein also known as twinkle mtDNA helicase is a mitochondrial protein that in humans is encoded by the TWNK gene (also known as C10orf2 or PEO1)...

A secretory protein is any protein, whether it be endocrine or exocrine, which is secreted by a cell. Secretory proteins include many hormones, enzymes...

Protein methylation is a type of post-translational modification featuring the addition of methyl groups to proteins. It can occur on the nitrogen-containing...

Vpu is an accessory protein that in HIV is encoded by the vpu gene. Vpu stands for "Viral Protein U". The Vpu protein acts in the degradation of CD4 in...

Zinc finger protein 557 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZNF557 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000130544 – Ensembl, May 2017 "Human...

molecular biology, protein catabolism is the breakdown of proteins into smaller peptides and ultimately into amino acids. Protein catabolism is a key...

molecular biology, protein fold classes are broad categories of protein tertiary structure topology. They describe groups of proteins that share similar...

Protein phosphorylation is a reversible post-translational modification of proteins in which an amino acid residue is phosphorylated by a protein kinase...

biology, protein turnover refers to the replacement of older proteins as they are broken down within the cell. Different types of proteins have very...

More Protein is a record label started by Boy George and Jeremy Healy in 1989. It was created after finding a label to release the Jeremy Healy produced...

Protein L was first isolated from the surface of bacterial species Peptostreptococcus magnus and was found to bind immunoglobulins through L chain interaction...

Ku is a dimeric protein complex that binds to DNA double-strand break ends and is required for the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway of DNA repair...

Hemp protein is a plant-derived protein from the cannabis plant and is isolated from hemp seeds (a type of nut). The protein content of whole hemp seeds...

Parkin is a 465-amino acid residue E3 ubiquitin ligase, a protein that in humans and mice is encoded by the PRKN (also known as PARK2) gene. Parkin plays...

In biology, scaffold proteins are crucial regulators of many key signalling pathways. Although scaffolds are not strictly defined in function, they are...

In biology, a protein filament is a long chain of protein monomers, such as those found in hair, muscle, or in flagella. Protein filaments form together...

cytoskeletal protein. In humans, it is a tumor suppressor protein involved in neurofibromatosis type II. Sequence data reveal its similarity to the ERM protein family...

factors) are a class of proteins that are closely related members of the TGF-beta superfamily of growth factors. These proteins are secreted and play a...

Zinc finger protein 586 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZNF586 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000083828 – Ensembl, May 2017 "Human...

Cell-free protein array technology produces protein microarrays by performing in vitro synthesis of the target proteins from their DNA templates. This...

Milk allergy is an adverse immune reaction to one or more proteins in cow's milk. Symptoms may take hours to days to manifest, with symptoms including...

Protein SET, also known as Protein SET 1, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SET gene. Protein SET has been shown to interact with: Acidic...

Lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LBP gene. LBP is a soluble acute-phase protein that binds to bacterial...

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are a family of proteins produced by cells in response to exposure to a stressor. They were first described in relation to the...

A mosaic protein is a protein that is made up of different protein domains, giving the protein multiple functions. These proteins have quaternary structures...

A mutant protein is the protein product encoded by a gene with mutation. Mutated protein can have single amino acid change (minor, but still in many cases...

Protein therapeutics are proteins used as experimental or approved therapies for disease states. They include "monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), peptide hormones...

sequence at 3' end. Proteins: consisting of gag proteins, protease (PR), pol proteins, and env proteins. Group-specific antigen (gag) proteins are major components...

Alzheimer's disease. The peptides derive from the amyloid-beta precursor protein (APP), which is cleaved by beta secretase and gamma secretase to yield...

Knotted proteins are proteins whose backbones entangle themselves in a knot. One can imagine pulling a protein chain from both termini, as though pulling...

biology the SeqA protein is found in bacteria and archaea. The function of this protein is highly important in DNA replication. The protein negatively regulates...

Protein & Cell is a monthly peer-reviewed open access journal covering protein and cell biology. It was established in 2010 and is published by Springer...

by matrix protein and an envelope containing viral glycoproteins. There are 11 proteins, described further in the table below. Surface protein G (glycoprotein)...

A movement protein (MP) is a specific virus-encoded protein that is thought to be a general feature of plant genomes. For a virus to infect a plant, it...

SR proteins are a conserved family of proteins involved in RNA splicing. SR proteins are named because they contain a protein domain with long repeats...

The tubby protein is encoded by the TUB gene. It is an upstream cell signaling protein common to multicellular eukaryotes. The first tubby gene was identified...

In biochemistry and pharmacology, receptors are proteins that receive and transduce signals that may be integrated into biological systems. These signals...

In enzymology, a tau-protein kinase (EC 2.7.11.26) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction ATP + tau protein ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons...

functions such as detoxification of the organism, and the synthesis of various proteins and various other biochemicals necessary for digestion and growth. In humans...

chloroplast proteins Membrane protein Integral membrane protein Peripheral membrane protein Extracellular matrix proteins Blood protein Mammalian proteins Vertebrate...

M1 protein is a matrix protein of the influenza virus. It forms a coat inside the viral envelope. This is a bifunctional membrane/RNA-binding protein that...

Single-cell proteins (SCP) or microbial proteins refer to edible unicellular microorganisms. The biomass or protein extract from pure or mixed cultures...

Protein Works, previously known as The Protein Works is a British functional food brand that makes protein shakes, meal replacements, complete meals, snacks...

cAMP receptor protein (CRP; also known as catabolite activator protein, CAP) is a regulatory protein in bacteria. CRP protein binds cyclic adenosine monophosphate...

Momordin or α-momorcharin is one of several related proteins isolated from several plants of the genus Momordica, which includes the bitter melon (M. charantia)...

Hemoglobin (haemoglobin, Hb or Hgb) is a protein containing iron that facilitates the transportation of oxygen in red blood cells. Almost all vertebrates...

Zinc finger protein 229 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZNF229 gene. The ZNF229 gene is involved in regulating transcription as it can bind...

molecular biology, protein threading, also known as fold recognition, is a method of protein modeling which is used to model those proteins which have the...

The nucleocapsid (N) protein is a protein that packages the positive-sense RNA genome of coronaviruses to form ribonucleoprotein structures enclosed within...

Zinc finger protein 530 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZNF530 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000183647 – Ensembl, May 2017 "Human...

transmembrane protein. The transmembrane proteins interacts with Gɑβ𝛾. Gαs separates from Gβ𝛾 and interacts with the transmembrane protein adenylyl cyclase...

morphogenetic protein 8 (BMP8) may refer to: Bone morphogenetic protein 8A (BMP8A) Bone morphogenetic protein 8B (BMP8B) Bone morphogenetic protein This disambiguation...

protein 2 is a protein in humans that is encoded by the MAP2 gene. This gene encodes a protein that belongs to the microtubule-associated protein family...

Amyloidosis is a group of diseases in which abnormal proteins, known as amyloid fibrils, build up in tissue. There are several non-specific and vague signs...

also /-tɑːn/ -⁠tahn; Japanese: セイタン) is a food made from gluten, the main protein of wheat. It is also known as miànjīn (Chinese: 麵筋), fu (Japanese: 麩),...

In biology, gap junction proteins are proteins that form gap junctions, which connect two neighboring cells. They are divided into two broad categories:...

Major intrinsic proteins (MIPs) comprise a large superfamily of transmembrane protein channels that are grouped together on the basis of homology. The...

A conjugated protein is a protein that functions in interaction with other (non-polypeptide) chemical groups attached by covalent bonding or weak interactions...

Zinc finger protein 749 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZNF749 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000186230 – Ensembl, May 2017 "Human...

Maltose-binding protein (MBP) is a part of the maltose/maltodextrin system of Escherichia coli, which is responsible for the uptake and efficient catabolism...

Adaptor protein may refer to: Signal transducing adaptor protein Vesicular transport adaptor protein Clathrin adaptor protein, also known as adaptin This...

The Hfq protein (also known as HF-I protein) encoded by the hfq gene was discovered in 1968 as an Escherichia coli host factor that was essential for...

Polypeptides that have a molecular mass of 10,000 Da or more are called proteins. Chains of fewer than twenty amino acids are called oligopeptides, and...

Peripheral myelin protein 22 (PMP22), also called Growth arrest-specific protein 3 (GAS-3), is a protein which in humans is encoded by the PMP22 gene....

differentiation-related protein (ADRP) or adipophilin, is a protein which belongs to the perilipin (PAT) family of cytoplasmic lipid droplet (CLD)–binding proteins. In humans...

A zinc finger is a small protein structural motif that is characterized by the coordination of one or more zinc ions (Zn2+) which stabilize the fold....

A high-protein diet is a diet in which 40% or more of the total daily calories come from protein. Many high protein diets are high in saturated fat and...

Protein detoxification is the process by which proteins containing methylated arginine are broken down and removed from the body. Arginine (Arg) is a...

Protein–ligand docking is a molecular modelling technique. The goal of protein–ligand docking is to predict the position and orientation of a ligand (a...

Protein BTG3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BTG3 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the BTG/Tob family. This family...

In molecular biology, the hexon protein is a major coat protein found in adenoviruses. Hexon coat proteins are synthesised during late infection and form...

Computational methods that use protein sequence and/ or protein structure to predict protein aggregation. The table below, shows the main features of...

Protein disulfide isomerase (EC 5.3.4.1), or PDI, is an enzyme in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in eukaryotes and the periplasm of bacteria that catalyzes...

Ancient proteins are complex mixtures and the term palaeoproteomics is used to characterise the study of proteomes in the past. Ancients proteins have been...

repressor of primer, or as RNA one modulator (ROM)) is a small dimeric protein responsible for keeping the copy number of ColE1 family and related bacterial...

Photoreceptor proteins are light-sensitive proteins involved in the sensing and response to light in a variety of organisms. Some examples are rhodopsin...

Poly(A)-binding protein (PAB or PABP) is an RNA-binding protein which triggers the binding of eukaryotic initiation factor 4 complex (eIF4G) directly...

are proteins which contain oligosaccharide (sugar) chains covalently attached to amino acid side-chains. The carbohydrate is attached to the protein in...

Protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS) is a method of evaluating the quality of a protein based on both the amino acid requirements...

Tetratricopeptide repeat protein 39C is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TTC39C gene. TTC39C is one of three TTC39. Its function is currently...

A pentameric protein is a quaternary protein structure that consists of five protein subunits. If all subunits are identical, the protein in a homopentamer...

An enzyme is a biological macromolecule, usually a protein, that acts as a biological catalyst, accelerating chemical reactions without being consumed...

citrullination: protein L-arginine + H2O ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } protein L-citrulline + NH3 Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are protein L-arginine...

biological field, it refers to the use of a probe to link proteins together to check for protein–protein interactions, as well as other creative cross-linking...

Titin (/ˈtaɪtɪn/; also called connectin) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TTN gene. The protein, which is over 1 μm in length, functions as...

receptor-interacting protein (AIP) also known as aryl hydrocarbon receptor-interacting protein, immunophilin homolog ARA9, or HBV X-associated protein 2 (XAP-2)...

Nuclear protein) also known as GTP-binding nuclear protein Ran is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RAN gene. Ran is a small 25 kDa protein that...

Protein M (locus MG281) is an immunoglobulin-binding protein originally found on the cell surface of the human pathogenic bacterium Mycoplasma genitalium...

to the stability to the entropically unfavorable folded conformation of proteins. Although non-covalent interactions are known to be relatively weak interactions...

codes for three structural proteins (capsid protein C, membrane protein M, envelope protein E) and seven nonstructural proteins (NS1, NS2a, NS2b, NS3, NS4a...

The green fluorescent protein (GFP) is a protein that exhibits green fluorescence when exposed to light in the blue to ultraviolet range. The label GFP...

interacting protein (ERBB2IP), also known as erbin, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the ERBB2IP gene. Discovered in 1997, erbin is a 200kDa protein containing...

Myelin protein zero (MPZ), also Myelin protein P0, is a single membrane glycoprotein which in humans is encoded by the MPZ gene. P0 is a major structural...

Artemis is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DCLRE1C (DNA cross-link repair 1C) gene. Artemis is a nuclear protein that is involved in V(D)J recombination...

Cytokine-inducible SH2-containing protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CISH gene. CISH orthologs have been identified in most mammals...

Protein–energy undernutrition (PEU), once called protein–energy malnutrition (PEM), is a form of malnutrition that is defined as a range of conditions...

protein or a functional RNA molecule. This process involves multiple steps, including the transcription of the gene's sequence into RNA. For protein-coding...

Protein Arginine Phosphatase (PAPs), also known as Phosphoarginine Phosphatase, is an enzyme that catalyzes the dephosphorylation of phosphoarginine residues...

Ret finger protein like 4B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RFPL4B gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000251258 – Ensembl, May 2017 GRCm38:...

Protein C inhibitor (PCI, SERPINA5) is a serine protease inhibitor (serpin) that limits the activity of protein C (an anticoagulant). An N-terminal fragment...

proteomics refers to the use of bottom-up proteomics techniques in identifying proteins in complex mixtures using a combination of high performance liquid chromatography...

Smads (or SMADs) comprise a family of structurally similar proteins that are the main signal transducers for receptors of the transforming growth factor...

Proteinuria is the presence of excess proteins in the urine. In healthy persons, urine contains very little protein, less than 150 mg/day; an excess is...

([pref. protein]; -pathy [suff. disease]; proteinopathies pl.; proteinopathic adj), or proteopathy, protein conformational disorder, or protein misfolding...

recruits proteins I, L, K, and G/T to add protein H. Once G and G/T leave the complex, protein V can assemble onto the J/H scaffold. Then, protein U is added...

The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a cellular stress response related to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. It is named for its primary function:...

Protein secondary structure is the local spatial conformation of the polypeptide backbone excluding the side chains. The two most common secondary structural...

Kaede is a photoactivatable fluorescent protein naturally originated from a stony coral, Trachyphyllia geoffroyi. Its name means "maple" in Japanese....

Leaf protein concentrate (LPC) is a proteinaceous edible mass extracted from leaves. It can be a lucrative source of low-cost and sustainable protein for...

prostaglandin), peptides (e.g. insulin, ACTH), carbohydrates, glycosylated proteins (proteoglycans), nucleic acids, etc. Peptide and lipid ligands are particularly...

model refinement, computational protein design, and modeling of proteins in membranes. It was also argued that some protein force fields operate with energies...

Macrophage-capping protein (CAPG) also known as actin regulatory protein CAP-G is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CAPG gene. This gene encodes...

Centrosomal protein 131 also known as 5-azacytidine-induced protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CEP131 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release...

Zinc finger protein 180 is a protein that is encoded in humans by the ZNF180 gene. Zinc finger proteins have been shown to interact with nucleic acids...

The S100 proteins are a family of low molecular-weight proteins found in vertebrates characterized by two calcium-binding sites that have helix-loop-helix...

finger protein 521 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZNF521 gene. It was formerly named EHZF (early hematopoietic zinc finger protein), and...

density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-associated protein 1 also known as LRPAP1 or RAP is a chaperone protein which in humans is encoded by the LRPAP1...

galactose permease or GalP found in Escherichia coli is an integral membrane protein involved in the transport of monosaccharides, primarily hexoses, for utilization...

Fluorescent proteins include: Green fluorescent protein (GFP) Yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) Red fluorescent protein (RFP) This set index article includes...

Protein replacement therapy is a medical treatment that supplements or replaces a protein in patients in whom that particular protein is deficient or...

Transmembrane protein 89 (TMEM89) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TMEM89 gene. The TMEM89 gene is found on the minus strand of chromosome...

Red fluorescent protein (RFP) is a protein which acts as a fluorophore, fluorescing red-orange when excited. The original variant occurs naturally in the...

Heterotrimeric G protein, also sometimes referred to as the "large" G proteins (as opposed to the subclass of smaller, monomeric small GTPases) are membrane-associated...

Protein chemical shift prediction is a branch of biomolecular nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy that aims to accurately calculate protein chemical...

Zinc finger protein 772 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZNF772 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000197128 – Ensembl, May 2017 "Human...

In enzymology, a protein xylosyltransferase (EC 2.4.2.26) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction in which a beta-D-xylosyl residue is transferred...

Vacuolar protein sorting proteins are involved in the intracellular sorting and delivery of soluble vacuolar proteins. Kolesnikova L, Strecker T, Morita...

Histidine-containing phosphocarrier protein (HPr) is a small cytoplasmic protein that is a component of the phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar phosphotransferase...

Zinc finger protein 226 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZNF226 gene. The zinc finger protein 226 is also known as the Kruppel-associated...

Protein palmitoylation refers to the post-translational modification in which palmitate is covalently attached to an amino acid residue on a target protein...

proteins to promoters. Both proteins additionally have multiple CDK phosphorylation sites through which they are inhibited. However, these proteins share...

V-domain Ig suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA) is a type I transmembrane protein that functions as an immune checkpoint and is encoded by the VSIR gene...

The metabolic window (also called the anabolic window or protein window) is a term used in strength training to describe the 2 hour (may depend on the...

The envelope (E) protein is the smallest and least well-characterized of the four major structural proteins found in coronavirus virions. It is an integral...

A late protein is a viral protein that is formed after replication of the virus. One example is VP4 from simian virus 40 (SV40). In Human papillomavirus...

Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (also protein K) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HNRNPK gene. It is found in the cell nucleus...

XK (also known as Kell blood group precursor) is a protein found on human red blood cells and other tissues which is responsible for the Kx antigen which...

The myosin-binding protein C, cardiac-type is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MYBPC3 gene. This isoform is expressed exclusively in heart muscle...

Prolactin-inducible protein also known as gross cystic disease fluid protein 15 (GCDFP-15), extra-parotid glycoprotein (EP-GP), gp17 seminal actin-binding protein (SABP)...

The second meal of the diet included either a Special K Protein Meal Bar, Special K Protein Shake, or another serving of Special K cereal with 2/3 cup...

Zinc finger protein 395 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZNF395 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000186918 – Ensembl, May 2017 GRCm38:...

Zinc finger protein 347 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZNF347 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000197937 – Ensembl, May 2017 "Human...

Zinc finger protein 112 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZNF112 gene. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000052675 – Ensembl, May 2017 "Human...

Zinc finger protein 200 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZNF200 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000010539 – Ensembl, May 2017 "Human...

An array of protein tandem repeats is defined as several (at least two) adjacent copies having the same or similar sequence motifs. These periodic sequences...

term used in drug discovery to describe a biological target (such as a protein) that is known or predicted to bind with high affinity to a drug. Importantly...

Chickpea protein is obtained from chickpeas (Cicer arietinum) using different extraction processes based either on the isoelectric pH point, air classification...

elements, fatty acids, protein and electrolyte balance. Carbohydrates may be entirely absent, or substituted for a portion of the protein; this choice has important...

Protein S deficiency is a disorder associated with increased risk of venous thrombosis. Protein S, a vitamin K-dependent physiological anticoagulant,...

A low-protein diet is a diet in which people decrease their intake of protein. A low-protein diet is used as a therapy for inherited metabolic disorders...

Ci protein, short for Cubitus interruptus, is a zinc finger containing transcription factor involved in the Hedgehog signaling pathway. In the absence...

for the study of protein interactions that uses bacteriophages (viruses that infect bacteria) to produce and "display" the proteins on their surfaces...

targeting chimera (PROTAC) is a molecule that can remove specific unwanted proteins. Rather than acting as a conventional enzyme inhibitor, a PROTAC works...

$600 million in 2017. In September 2024, Rahal founded David Protein, a New York-based protein bar company. Rahal was raised in Glen Ellyn, Illinois, and...

The membrane (M) protein (previously called E1, sometimes also matrix protein) is an integral membrane protein that is the most abundant of the four major...

Zinc finger protein 208 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZNF208 gene. Zinc finger proteins (ZNFs), such as ZNF208, bind DNA and, through...

Gem-associated protein 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GEMIN5 gene. Gem-associated protein 5 is part of the SMN a large protein complex localized...

Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein also known as 5-lipoxygenase activating protein, or FLAP, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ALOX5AP...

The Protein–RNA Interface Database (PRIDB) is a database of protein–RNA interfaces extracted from the Protein Data Bank. RNA-binding protein Protein Data...

Myosin binding protein H (MYBPH) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MYBPH gene. MYBPH is a structural muscle protein that shares sequence and...

shock protein 90) is a chaperone protein that assists other proteins to fold properly, stabilizes proteins against heat stress, and aids in protein degradation...

A protein skimmer or foam fractionator is a device used to remove organic compounds such as food and waste particles from water. It is most commonly used...

Retinylidene proteins, or rhodopsins in a broad sense, are proteins that use retinal as a chromophore for light reception. They are the molecular basis...

Protein function prediction methods are techniques that bioinformatics researchers use to assign biological or biochemical roles to proteins. These proteins...

SecD and SecF are prokaryotic protein export membrane proteins. They are a part of the larger multimeric protein export complex comprising SecA, D, E,...

Protein BEX1 also known as brain-expressed X-linked protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BEX1 gene. BEX1 is a part of the BEX gene family...

Rho protein may refer to: Rho GTPase, a member of Rho family of GTPases Rho factor, a bacterial protein involved in transcription termination This set...

Zinc finger protein 107 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZNF107 gene. This gene encodes a protein containing multiple C2H2-type zinc finger...

Capicua transcriptional repressor is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CIC gene. Capicua functions as a transcriptional repressor in a way that...

integral membrane protein found on activated antigen-presenting cells (APC) that, when paired with either a CD28 or CD152 (CTLA-4) surface protein on a T cell...

biochemist and computational biologist who has pioneered methods to design proteins and predict their three-dimensional structures. He is the Henrietta and...

powerful frameworks for protein structure prediction, protein–protein interaction, and free energy calculations for protein structures. Using a graphical...

Nef (Negative Regulatory Factor) is a small, 27–35 kDa myristoylated protein encoded by primate lentiviruses. These include human immunodeficiency viruses...

lymphocyte protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MAL gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a highly hydrophobic integral membrane protein belonging...

Peripheral membrane proteins, or extrinsic membrane proteins, are membrane proteins that adhere only temporarily to the biological membrane with which...

Spider silk is a protein fibre or silk spun by spiders. Spiders use silk to make webs or other structures that function as adhesive traps to catch prey...

Small proteins are a diverse fold class of proteins (usually <100 amino acids long). Their tertiary structure is usually maintained by disulphide bridges...

small, very hydrophobic proteins that destabilise the function of many membrane proteins in the infected cell. The E5 protein of some animal papillomavirus...

membrane transport protein is a membrane protein involved in the movement of ions, small molecules, and macromolecules such as another protein, across a biological...

grain (the grass fruit) used in flour—the endosperm or protein/starchy part, the germ or protein/fat/vitamin-rich part, and the bran or fiber part—there...

Glutamate-rich protein 3, also known as Uncharacterized Protein C1orf173, is a protein encoded by the ERICH3 gene. ERICH3 was named "chromosome 1 open...

Interacting Protein (HIP) may refer to: HIP1 (Huntingtin-interacting protein 1) HIP1R (Huntingtin-interacting protein 1 related protein) HIP2 (Huntingtin-interacting...

Protein–lipid interaction is the influence of membrane proteins on the lipid physical state or vice versa. The questions which are relevant to understanding...

domain Beclin-1-interacting and cysteine-rich domain-containing protein) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RUBCN gene. Rubicon is one of the...

Pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins are proteins produced in plants in the event of a pathogen attack. They are induced as part of systemic acquired resistance...

Zinc finger protein 684 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZNF684 gene. The zinc finger protein 684 is also known as the Kruppel-associated...

molecular biology, a protein-fragment complementation assay, or PCA, is a method for the identification and quantification of protein–protein interactions. In...

irreversible conjugation of recombinant proteins. The peptide SpyTag (13 amino acids) spontaneously reacts with the protein SpyCatcher (12.3 kDa) to form an...

Protein quantitative trait loci (pQTL) are regions in the genome associated with variation in protein expression levels. Since proteins are the primary...

trimer of the S protein. The S protein is in turn composed of an S1 and S2 subunit. The homotrimeric S protein is a class I fusion protein which mediates...

Protein backbone fragment libraries have been used successfully in a variety of structural biology applications, including homology modeling, de novo...

Membrane fusion proteins (not to be confused with chimeric or fusion proteins) are proteins that cause fusion of biological membranes. Membrane fusion...

Lowry test. The biuret reaction can be used to assess the concentration of proteins because peptide bonds occur with the same frequency per amino acid in the...

called spike protein, formerly known as E2) is the largest of the four major structural proteins found in coronaviruses. The spike protein assembles into...

Transmembrane protein 251, also known as C14orf109 or UPF0694, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TMEM251 gene. One notable feature of this protein is...

information from protein structure to understand phylogenetic relationships, and translates those evolutionary insights into understanding protein structure...

the protein Sprouty is a developmental protein involved in cell signalling. It works by inhibiting the MAPK/ERK pathway. The function of this protein has...

(German for a type of noodle) is an evolutionarily-conserved arthropod protein first identified in Drosophila melanogaster. It plays a role in embryonic...

The S4 ribosomal protein leader is a ribosomal protein leader involved in ribosome biogenesis. It is used as an autoregulatory mechanism to control the...

Milk protein concentrate (MPC) is any type of concentrated milk product that contains 40–90% milk protein, typically from cow milk. The United States officially...

Neuroendocrine protein 7B2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SCG5 gene. The protein expressed by this gene is widely distributed in neuroendocrine...

Transmembrane protein 179 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TMEM179 gene. The function of transmembrane protein 179 is not yet well understood...

Gem-associated protein 7 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GEMIN7 gene. The gem-associated proteins are those found in the gems of Cajal bodies...

computational biology, protein pKa calculations are used to estimate the pKa values of amino acids as they exist within proteins. These calculations complement...

The cytoskeleton is a complex, dynamic network of interlinking protein filaments present in the cytoplasm of all cells, including those of bacteria and...

Transmembrane protein 182 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TMEM182 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000170417 – Ensembl, May 2017 GRCm38:...

Zinc finger protein 696 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZNF696 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000185730 – Ensembl, May 2017 "Human...

(9; 22) (q34; q11)] results in the fusion gene BCR::ABL1. The oncogenic protein with persistently enhanced tyrosine kinase (TK) activity transcribed by...

isoprenylation or lipidation) is the addition of hydrophobic molecules to a protein or a biomolecule. It is usually assumed that prenyl groups (3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)...

Apolipoprotein B (ApoB) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the APOB gene. Its measurement is commonly used to detect the risk of atherosclerotic...

brassinosteroid), amino acid derivatives (e.g. epinephrine and auxin), protein or peptides (e.g. insulin and CLE peptides), and gases (e.g. ethylene and...

membrane attack complex. About 50 proteins and protein fragments make up the complement system, including plasma proteins, and cell membrane receptors. They...

Replication protein A (RPA) is the major protein that binds to single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) in eukaryotic cells. In vitro, RPA shows a much higher affinity...

Stanley Owen Green (22 February 1915 – 12 December 1993), known as the "Protein Man", was an English human billboard in central London in the latter half...

Transmembrane protein 254 is a transmembrane protein that is encoded by the TMEM254 gene, it is predicted to have many orthologs across eukaryotes. TMEM254...

C-terminal-binding protein 1 also known as CtBP1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CTBP1 gene. CtBP1 is one of two CtBP proteins, the other protein being...

The family of non-collagenous proteins known as SIBLING proteins, standing for small integrin-binding ligand, N-linked glycoprotein, are components of...

Highwire (Hiw) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase protein associated with neuromuscular junction growth. It is frequently studied in Drosophila melanogaster. Its...

CAD protein (carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 2, aspartate transcarbamylase, and dihydroorotase) is a trifunctional multi-domain enzyme involved in the...

various systems of a cell, including the interactions between DNA, RNA and proteins, as well as how these interactions are regulated. Several techniques are...

Retinaldehyde-binding protein 1 (RLBP1) also known as cellular retinaldehyde-binding protein (CRALBP) is a 36-kD water-soluble protein that in humans is encoded...

domains are protein domains that non-covalently interact with ubiquitin through protein-protein interactions. Ubiquitin is a small protein that is covalently...

Cartilage associated protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CRTAP gene. The protein encoded by this gene is similar to the chicken and...

Prickle is also known as REST/NRSF-interacting LIM domain protein, which is a putative nuclear translocation receptor. Prickle is part of the non-canonical...

The protein nitrogen unit (PNU) measures the potency of the compounds used in allergy skin tests, and is equivalent to 0.01 microgram (μg) of phosphotungstic...

in Drosophila. Piwi proteins are highly conserved RNA-binding proteins and are present in both plants and animals. Piwi proteins belong to the Argonaute/Piwi...

below constitute a complete list of all known human protein-coding genes: 1639 genes which encode proteins that are known or expected to function as human...

A serine/threonine protein kinase (EC 2.7.11.-) is a kinase enzyme, in particular a protein kinase, that phosphorylates the OH group of the amino-acid...

Hassabis and David Baker were awarded the 2024 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for protein structure prediction. Jumper served as a director at Google DeepMind for...

EosFP is a photoactivatable green to red fluorescent protein. Its green fluorescence (516 nm) switches to red (581 nm) upon UV irradiation of ~390 nm...

The de novo protein synthesis theory of memory formation is a hypothesis about the formation of the physical correlates of memory in the brain. It is...

F-box proteins, sometimes abbreviated as FBX, are proteins containing at least one F-box domain. The first identified F-box protein is one of three components...

Myelin P2 protein also peripheral myelin protein 2, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PMP2 gene. Myelin protein P2 is a constituent of peripheral...

60S ribosomal protein L11 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RPL11 gene. Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist...

Protein BTG2 also known as BTG family member 2 or NGF-inducible anti-proliferative protein PC3 or NGF-inducible protein TIS21, is a protein that in humans...

MER34 ORF, or ERVMER34-1) is a human endogenous retroviral (HERV) envelope protein encoded by a proviral remnant of the MER34 retrovirus family on chromosome...

Protein misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA) is an amplification technique (conceptually like polymerase chain reaction (PCR) but not involving nucleotides)...

36 protein or ectoplasmic specialization protein, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ESPN gene. Espin is a microfilament binding protein. Espin...

Protein crops are crops that provide substantial protein, a large class of naturally occurring complex combinations of amino acids. Such crops, including...

genome is utilized for coding proteins. An interesting feature of this viral genome is that it has a terminal 55 kDa protein associated with each of the...

secretory protein (CCSP), Clara-cell 16 kD protein (17 in rat/mice), club-cell-specific 10 kD protein (CC10), human protein 1, urine protein 1 (UP-1),...

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are a group of growth factors also known as cytokines and as metabologens. Professor Marshall Urist and Professor Hari...

Transmembrane protein 151B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TMEM151B gene. The Transmembrane protein 151B gene is also known as TMEM151B...

helminth protein, or helminthic antigen, is a protein derived from a parasitic worm that causes an immune reaction. When secreted, these proteins may modify...

The retinoblastoma protein (protein name abbreviated Rb or pRb; gene name abbreviated Rb, RB or RB1) is a tumor suppressor protein that is dysfunctional...

The p24 capsid protein (CA) is the most abundant HIV protein with each virus containing approximately 1,500 to 3,000 p24 molecules. It is the major structural...

Protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) belongs to the family of phosphoprotein phosphatases (PPPs) and removes phosphate groups from phospho-serine and phospho-threonine...

In molecular biology, LSm proteins are a family of RNA-binding proteins found in virtually every cellular organism. LSm is a contraction of 'like Sm'...

identified in human cancer. Many cancer drugs target the proteins encoded by oncogenes. The resultant protein encoded by an oncogene is termed oncoprotein. Oncogenes...

of a family of FK506-binding proteins (FKBPs). The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the immunophilin protein family, which play a role in immunoregulation...

Protein Expression and Purification is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering biotechnological research on protein production and isolation based...

enzymology, a protein-disulfide reductase (glutathione) (EC 1.8.4.2) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction 2 glutathione + protein-disulfide ⇌...

Transmembrane protein 255A is a protein that is encoded by the TMEM255A gene. TMEM255A is often referred to as family with sequence similarity 70, member...

Kelch-like protein 20 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KLHL20 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the kelch family of proteins, which...

the native secondary, and/or tertiary, and/or quaternary structures of proteins or nucleic acids resulting in a loss of bioactivity. Note 1: Modified from...

In cell biology, Dullard protein is a protein coding gene involved in neural development. It is a member of DXDX(T/V) phosphatase family and is a potential...

red blood cells and gametes) most cells are capable of replication, and protein synthesis. Some types of cell are motile. Cells emerged on Earth about...

cultures and faiths around the world. Meat is mainly composed of water, protein, and fat. Its quality is affected by many factors, including the genetics...

of a gene, and is read by a ribosome in the process of synthesizing a protein. mRNA is created during the process of transcription, where an enzyme (RNA...

Regulators of G protein signaling (RGS) are protein structural domains or the proteins that contain these domains, that function to activate the GTPase...

Dopamine receptor D2, also known as D2R, is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the DRD2 gene. After work from Paul Greengard's lab had suggested...

The oxysterol-binding protein (OSBP)-related proteins (ORPs) are a family of lipid transfer proteins (LTPs). Concretely, they constitute a family of sterol...

L-leucyl-tRNA + protein ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } tRNA + L-leucyl-protein Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are L-leucyl-tRNA and protein, whereas...

LYRM protein (Leucine-Tyrosine-Arginine motif) also known as LYRMs, are a superfamily of small (11–22 kDa), basic, predominantly mitochondrial proteins found...

Transmembrane protein 222 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TMEM222 gene. One notable feature of the protein encoded by this gene is the presence...

Zinc finger protein 706 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZNF706 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000120963 – Ensembl, May 2017 GRCm38:...

Zinc finger protein 621 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZNF621 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000172888 – Ensembl, May 2017 "Human...

Protein chemical shift re-referencing is a post-assignment process of adjusting the assigned NMR chemical shifts to match IUPAC and BMRB recommended standards...

Carbohydrate–protein interactions are the intermolecular and intramolecular interactions between protein and carbohydrate moieties. These interactions...

Bacteria use a variety of DNA-binding proteins, generally basic in pH. Since bacterial binding proteins have a diversity of functions, it has been difficult...

D-Bifunctional protein deficiency is an autosomal recessive peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation disorder. Peroxisomal disorders are usually caused by a combination...

(TTC16) is an uncharacterized protein that in humans is encoded by the gene TTC16. Another alias for this gene is TPR repeat protein 16, but this is not commonly...

Associated Protein 43 (GAP43, Neuromodulin) is a protein encoded by the GAP43 gene in humans. GAP43 is called a "growth" or "plasticity" protein because...

Zinc finger protein 727 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZNF727 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000214652 – Ensembl, May 2017 "Human...

protein immunoblot), or Western blotting, is a widely used analytical technique in molecular biology and immunogenetics to detect specific proteins in...

Zinc finger protein 665 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZNF665 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000197497 – Ensembl, May 2017 GRCm38:...

Look up protein kinase in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Protein histidine kinase may refer to: Histidine kinase, an enzyme Protein-histidine tele-kinase...

Hydrolyzed vegetable protein (HVP) products are foodstuffs obtained by the hydrolysis of protein, and have a meaty, savory taste similar to broth (bouillon)...

Protein primary structure is the linear sequence of amino acids in a peptide or protein. By convention, the primary structure of a protein is reported...

encodes 11 proteins. Identification of all ΦX174 proteins using mass spectrometry has recently been reported. Infection begins when G protein binds to lipopolysaccharides...

Iron-binding proteins are carrier proteins and metalloproteins that are important in iron metabolism and the immune response. Iron is required for life...

Cysteine rich protein 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CRIP3 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000146215 – Ensembl, May 2017 GRCm38:...

Protein quinary structure refers to the features of protein surfaces that are shaped by evolutionary adaptation to the physiological context of living...

methylated-DNA-[protein]-cysteine S-methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.63) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction DNA (containing 6-O-methylguanine) + protein L-cysteine...

MRN complex-interacting protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MRNIP gene (previously C5orf45). The MRNIP protein is involved with DNA repair...

digest solid food. Milk contains many nutrients, including calcium and protein, as well as lactose and saturated fat; the enzyme lactase is needed to...

Protein database may refer to: Any protein structure database Any protein sequence database Exact names "Protein" database of the National Institute of...

L25 ribosomal protein leader is a ribosomal protein leader involved in the ribosome biogenesis. It is used as an autoregulatory mechanism to control the...

peridinin-chlorophyll-protein complex (PCP or PerCP) is a soluble molecular complex consisting of the peridinin-chlorophyll a-protein bound to peridinin...

In cell biology, catabolite activator protein (CAP), which is also known as cAMP receptor protein (CRP), is a trans-acting transcriptional activator in...

Growth factor receptor-bound protein 10 also known as insulin receptor-binding protein Grb-IR is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GRB10 gene...

Zinc finger protein 880 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZNF880 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000221923 – Ensembl, May 2017 "Human...

protein kinase type II subunit alpha (CAMKIIα), a.k.a. Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II alpha, is one subunit of CamKII, a protein kinase...

Zinc finger protein 263 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZNF263 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000006194 – Ensembl, May 2017 GRCm38:...

Macrophage-stimulating protein (MSP), also known as hepatocyte growth factor-like protein (HLP, HGFL, or HGFLP), is a protein that in humans is encoded...

40S ribosomal protein SA is a ribosomal protein that in humans is encoded by the RPSA gene. It also acts as a cell surface receptor, in particular for...

encased by the nucleoprotein. Two other viral proteins, the phosphoprotein and the large protein (L-protein or polymerase) are associated with the RNP....

Transmembrane protein 134 is a protein encoded by the TMEM134 gene. TMEM134 does not have any other known aliases. There are two transmembrane domains...

non-structural protein) also known as ZC3H7B (zinc finger CCCH-type containing 7B), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZC3H7B gene. RoXaN is a protein that...

KIF-binding protein, also known as Kinesin binding protein (KBP), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KIFBP gene (previously KIAA1279). The interaction...

Transmembrane protein 131-like (TMEM131L protein), alternatively named uncharacterized protein KIAA0922 (KIAA0922 protein), is an integral transmembrane protein encoded...

acid motif in proteins that typically consists of at least six histidine (His) residues, often at the N- or C-terminus of the protein. It is also known...

Centromere protein B also known as major centromere autoantigen B is an autoantigen protein of the cell nucleus. In humans, centromere protein B is encoded...

spaces between various animal cells. Gels of polysaccharides and fibrous proteins fill the interstitial space and act as a compression buffer against the...

carotenoid protein (OCP) is a water-soluble protein which plays a role in photoprotection in diverse cyanobacteria. It is the only photoactive protein known...

relationship between proteins whereby the proteins have a changed order of amino acids in their peptide sequence. The result is a protein structure with different...

A tetrameric protein is a protein with a quaternary structure of four subunits (tetrameric). Homotetramers have four identical subunits (such as glutathione...

fertilized). Egg white consists of about 90% water into which about 10% proteins (including albumins, mucoproteins, and globulins) are dissolved. Unlike...

Plasma protein binding refers to the degree to which medications attach to blood proteins within the blood plasma. A drug's efficacy may be affected by...

crowding allows as many as 84 unique protein coding genes by 94 putative ORFs. These genes encode a variety of proteins involved in forming the capsid, tegument...

Protein ZGRF1 is a protein encoded in the human by the ZGRF1 gene also known as C4orf21, that has a weight of 236.6 kDa. The ZGRF1 gene product localizes...

β-catenin (beta-catenin), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CTNNB1 gene. β-Catenin is a dual function protein, involved in regulation and coordination...

organized into multiple chromosomes – long strands of DNA dotted with various proteins, such as histones, that protect and organize the DNA. The genes within...

This is a list of genes, proteins or receptors named A1 or Alpha-1 : Actin, alpha 1 Actinin, alpha 1 Adaptor-related protein complex 2, alpha 1 Aldehyde...

Talin is a high-molecular-weight cytoskeletal protein concentrated at regions of cell–substratum contact and, in lymphocytes, at cell–cell contacts. Discovered...

Vegetarian burger Vegan chicken nuggets – made from pea protein, soy protein, textured vegetable protein, and wheat gluten Tofurkey – faux turkey, a meat substitute...

signaling proteins of bacteria, yeast, plants, viruses and animals. Proteins containing PDZ domains play a key role in anchoring receptor proteins in the...

more unique proteins than the number of protein-coding genes. The human reference genome contains somewhere between 19,000 and 20,000 protein-coding genes...

enzymes known as protein kinases which also attach phosphates to other amino acids such as serine and threonine. Phosphorylation of proteins by kinases is...

Quality Protein Maize (QPM) is a family of maize varieties with enhanced nutritional quality. QPM grain contains nearly twice as much lysine and tryptophan...

Vitamin K-dependent carboxylation/gamma-carboxyglutamic (GLA) domain is a protein domain that contains post-translational modifications of many glutamate...

The classification of viral proteins as early proteins or late proteins depends on their relationship with genome replication. While many viruses (such...

In molecular biology, trimeric autotransporter adhesins (TAAs), are proteins found on the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. Bacteria use TAAs in...