Hydrolyzed protein

Hydrolyzed protein is a solution derived from the hydrolysis of a protein into its component amino acids and peptides. While many means of achieving this exist, most common is prolonged heating with hydrochloric acid,[1] sometimes with an enzyme such as pancreatic protease to simulate the naturally occurring hydrolytic process.

Uses

Protein hydrolysis is a useful route to the isolation of individual amino acids.[1][2] Examples include cystine from hydrolysis of hair,[3] tryptophan from casein,[4] histidine from red blood cells,[5] and arginine from gelatin.[6]

Common hydrolyzed products used in food are hydrolyzed vegetable protein and yeast extract, which are used as flavor enhancers because the hydrolysis of the protein produces free glutamic acid. The non-protein components in these products also contribute to the flavor.[7]

Some hydrolyzed beef protein powders are used for specialized diets for athletes.[8]

Protein hydrolysis can be used to modify the allergenic properties of infant formula. Reducing the size of cow milk proteins in the formula makes it more suitable for consumption by babies suffering from milk protein intolerance. The US FDA has approved a label for this usage of partially-hydrolyzed proteins in 2017,[9] but a meta-analysis published the same year shows insufficient evidence for this use.[10]

Hydrolyzed protein is also used in certain specially formulated hypoallergenic pet foods, notably dog foods for dogs and puppies that suffer from allergies caused by certain protein types in standard commercial dog food brands. The protein contents of the foods are split into peptides which reduces the likelihood for an animal's immune system recognizing an allergic threat. Hydrolyzed protein diets for cats are often recommended for felines with food allergies and certain types of digestive issues.[11]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Drauz, Karlheinz; Grayson, Ian; Kleemann, Axel; Krimmer, Hans-Peter; Leuchtenberger, Wolfgang; Weckbecker, Christoph (2006). "Amino Acids". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a02_057.pub2. ISBN 978-3527306732.
  2. ^ Silverman, S.N.; Phillips, A.A.; Weiss, G.M.; Wilkes, E.B.; Eiler, J.M.; Sessions, A.L. (2022). "Practical considerations for amino acid isotope analysis". Organic Geochemistry. 164: 104345. Bibcode:2022OrGeo.16404345S. doi:10.1016/j.orggeochem.2021.104345. S2CID 245556854.
  3. ^ Gortner, R. A.; Hoffman, W. F. (1925). "l-Cystine". Organic Syntheses. 5: 39. doi:10.15227/orgsyn.005.0039.
  4. ^ Cox, G.J.; King, H. (1930). "L-Tryptophane". Org. Synth. 10: 100. doi:10.15227/orgsyn.010.0100.
  5. ^ Foster, G. L.; Shemin, D. (1938). "L-Histidine Monohydrochloride". Organic Syntheses. 18: 43. doi:10.15227/orgsyn.018.0043.
  6. ^ Brand, E.; Sandberg, M. (1932). "d-Arginine Hydrochloride". Org. Synth. 12: 4. doi:10.15227/orgsyn.012.0004.
  7. ^ Kale, Prajyoti; Mishra, Anusha; Annapure, Uday S. (June 2022). "Development of vegan meat flavour: A review on sources and techniques". Future Foods. 5: 100149. doi:10.1016/j.fufo.2022.100149.
  8. ^ Sharp, Matthew; Shields, Kevin; Lowery, Ryan; Lane, Jason; Partl, Jeremy; Holmer, Chase; Minevich, Julie; Souza, Eduardo De; Wilson, Jacob (September 21, 2015). "The effects of beef protein isolate and whey protein isolate supplementation on lean mass and strength in resistance trained individuals - a double blind, placebo controlled study". Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition. 12 (Suppl 1): P11. doi:10.1186/1550-2783-12-S1-P11. PMC 4595383.
  9. ^ Labeling of Infant Formula: Guidance for Industry U.S. Food and Drug Administration (2016) Accessed 11 December 2017.
  10. ^ Boyle RJ, Ierodiakonou D, Khan T, Chivinge J, Robinson Z, Geoghegan N, Jarrold K, Afxentiou T, Reeves T, Cunha S, Trivella M, Garcia-Larsen V, Leonardi-Bee J (March 2016). "Hydrolysed formula and risk of allergic or autoimmune disease: systematic review and meta-analysis". BMJ. 352: i974. doi:10.1136/bmj.i974. PMC 4783517. PMID 26956579.
  11. ^ Cave, Nicholas J. (November 2006). "Hydrolyzed Protein Diets for Dogs and Cats". Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice. 36 (6): 1251–1268. doi:10.1016/j.cvsm.2006.08.008. PMID 17085233.


Stub icon

This protein-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

Read other articles:

Curug Cibadak

Artikel ini sebatang kara, artinya tidak ada artikel lain yang memiliki pranala balik ke halaman ini.Bantulah menambah pranala ke artikel ini dari artikel yang berhubungan atau coba peralatan pencari pranala.Tag ini diberikan pada Februari 2023. Artikel ini tidak memiliki referensi atau sumber tepercaya sehingga isinya tidak bisa dipastikan. Tolong bantu perbaiki artikel ini dengan menambahkan referensi yang layak. Tulisan tanpa sumber dapat dipertanyakan dan dihapus sewaktu-waktu.Cari sumber...

 

 

County Lincoln, Wyoming

Pegunungan Salt River Lokasi di Wyoming County Lincoln adalah sebuah county di negara bagian Wyoming, Amerika Serikat. Pada Sensus Amerika Serikat tahun 2020, jumlah penduduknya adalah 19.581 jiwa.[1] Pusat pemerintahannya adalah Kemmerer.[2] Perbatasan baratnya berbatasan dengan perbatasan timur negara bagian Idaho dan Utah. County Lincoln dibentuk pada 21 Februari 1911, dengan tanah terpisah dari County Uinta. Pemerintahannya diorganisir pada tahun 1913.[3] Nama daer...

 

 

Racale

Comune in Apulia, ItalyRacale Griko: IràkliaComuneComune di Racale Coat of armsLocation of Racale RacaleLocation of Racale in ItalyShow map of ItalyRacaleRacale (Apulia)Show map of ApuliaCoordinates: 39°58′N 18°6′E / 39.967°N 18.100°E / 39.967; 18.100CountryItalyRegionApuliaProvinceLecce (LE)FrazioniTorre SudaGovernment • MayorDonato MetalloArea[1] • Total24.29 km2 (9.38 sq mi)Elevation55 m (180 ft)Popul...

Stasiun Ginan

Stasiun Ginan岐南駅Stasiun Ginan, September 2009Lokasi4 Chome Shimoinjiki, Ginan-chō, Hashima-gun, Gifu-ken 501-6018JepangKoordinat35°23′22″N 136°46′08″E / 35.3895°N 136.7689°E / 35.3895; 136.7689Koordinat: 35°23′22″N 136°46′08″E / 35.3895°N 136.7689°E / 35.3895; 136.7689Operator MeitetsuJalur■Jalur Utama Meitetsu NagoyaLetak91.5 km dari ToyohashiJumlah peron2 peron sampingInformasi lainStatusTanpa stafKode sta...

 

 

Концепт-кар

У этого термина существуют и другие значения, см. прототип. Концепт-кар 1970 года Lancia Stratos Концепт-кар (англ. concept «идея» + car «автомобиль») — прототип будущего автомобиля, предназначенный для демонстрации нового стиля, нового дизайна и технологии. Их часто выставляют на ав...

 

 

Marnage (marée)

Pour les articles homonymes, voir Marnage et hauteur de marée. Ne doit pas être confondu avec hauteur d'eau. La hauteur de marée (tidal range) entre le niveau de la pleine mer (high tide) et celui de la basse mer (low tide). Le marnage est la « différence de niveau entre la marée haute et la marée basse d'une marée »[1]. Il est parfois amplitude de marée (l'amplitude de marée est tantôt assimilée au terme anglais tidal range désignant le marnage[2], tantôt assimilée...

Gómara, Soria

Municipality of Spain Municipality in Castile and León, SpainGómaraMunicipality SealGómaraLocation in Spain.Show map of Castile and LeónGómaraGómara (Spain)Show map of SpainCoordinates: 41°37′23″N 2°13′32″W / 41.62306°N 2.22556°W / 41.62306; -2.22556Country SpainAutonomous community Castile and LeónProvince SoriaMunicipalityGómaraArea • Total58 km2 (22 sq mi)Population (2018)[1] • To...

 

 

Starry smooth-hound

Species of shark Starry smooth-hound Conservation status Near Threatened  (IUCN 3.1)[1] Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Chondrichthyes Subclass: Elasmobranchii Subdivision: Selachimorpha Order: Carcharhiniformes Family: Triakidae Genus: Mustelus Species: M. asterias Binomial name Mustelus asteriasCloquet, 1821[2] Synonyms[2] Mustelus plebejus Bonaparte, 1834 Mustelus stellatus Risso, 1827 Squalus albomacul...

 

 

Tsukioka Yoshitoshi

Japanese artist and printmaker (1839–1892) Yoshitoshi redirects here. For other uses, see Yoshitoshi (disambiguation). In this Japanese name, the surname is Tsukioka. This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (March 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Tsukioka YoshitoshiTsukioka c. 1882Born(1839-04-30)April 30, 1839Edo, JapanDiedJune 9, 1...

The Egg, Beirut

The Egg in 2018 The Egg, or the Dome, is an unfinished cinema building in Beirut, Lebanon. Its construction began in 1965 but was interrupted with the outbreak the Lebanese Civil War in 1975 and the horse-shoe shaped dome that remains today is now a landmark in Beirut.[1] It was part of a commercial and residential project named Beirut City Center, by architect Joseph Philippe Karam.[2] Talk of its possible demolition in the 1990s and 2000s mobilized students and architects in...

 

 

Dallas Love Field

Municipal airport in Dallas, Texas, United States For the neighborhood where this airport is situated, see Love Field, Dallas. For the airport serving Prescott, Arizona, see Ernest A. Love Field. For the 1992 movie, see Love Field (film). Dallas Love Field2013 aerial photoIATA: DALICAO: KDALFAA LID: DALWMO: 72258SummaryAirport typePublicOwnerCity of DallasOperatorDallas Department of AviationServesDallas–Fort Worth metroplexLocationLove Field, Dallas, Texas, United StatesOpenedOctober ...

 

 

Animali musicanti

Animali musicantiDue dei musicisti del cortoTitolo originaleA Car-Tune Portrait Lingua originaleinglese Paese di produzioneStati Uniti d'America Anno1937 Durata7 min Genereanimazione, commedia, musicale RegiaDave Fleischer SceneggiaturaIsadore Sparber ProduttoreMax Fleischer Casa di produzioneFleischer Studios Art directorDave Tendler AnimatoriDavid Tendlar, Nicholas Tafuri, Herman Cohen, William Sturm, Eli Brucker, Joe Oriolo, Jack Rabin Doppiatori originali David Ross: il direttore ...

飯田産業

飯田グループホールディングス > 飯田産業 株式会社飯田産業Iida Home Max Co., Ltd. 飯田産業本社（武蔵野市境）種類 株式会社市場情報 東証1部 88802001年4月12日 - 2013年10月29日 本社所在地 日本〒180-0022東京都武蔵野市境二丁目2番2号設立 1977年（昭和52年）7月8日業種 不動産業法人番号 1012401010815 事業内容 戸建分譲住宅及び分譲マンションの土地仕入及び設計施工販売代...

 

 

Équipe cycliste GW Shimano-Sidermec

GW Shimano-SidermecL'équipe lors de la Route du Sud 2012.InformationsStatuts Groupe Sportif II (d) (1996-2004)continentale pro (2005-2019)ProTeam (2020-2022)continentale (2023)Codes UCI GLA (1996), KRO (de 1997 à 1998), SEL (1999), NEC (2000), SEL (2001), CLM (de 2002 à 2007), SDA (de 2008 à 2009), AND (de 2010 à 2016), ANS (de 2017 à 2021), DRA (2022) et GSS (2023)Discipline Cyclisme sur routePays Colombie (1996-2006) Venezuela (2007-2009) Italie (2010-2022) Colombie (2023)Création 19...

 

 

Pope Innocent III

Head of the Catholic Church from 1198 to 1216 Not to be confused with Antipope Innocent III. PopeInnocent IIIBishop of RomeDetail of a fresco at the cloister Sacro Speco, c. 1219ChurchCatholic ChurchPapacy began8 January 1198Papacy ended16 July 1216PredecessorCelestine IIISuccessorHonorius IIIPrevious post(s) Cardinal-Deacon of St. George in Velabro and Sts. Sergius and Bacchus (1190–1191) Cardinal-Priest of St. Pudentiana (1191–1198) OrdersOrdination21 February 1198Consecratio...

German revolutions of 1848–1849

German part of the Revolutions of 1848 For other revolutions in Germany, see German revolution (disambiguation). German Revolutions of 1848–1849Part of the Revolutions of 1848 and the unification of GermanyOrigin of the Flag of Germany: Cheering revolutionaries in Berlin, Berlin Palace in the background, on 19 March 1848DateFebruary 1848 – July 1849LocationGerman states, Central EuropeResult Rebellion quelled Establishment of German state andintroduction of liberal constitution Dissolutio...

 

 

Modèle:Travail inédit

Si ce bandeau n'est plus pertinent, retirez-le. Cliquez ici pour en savoir plus. Cet article peut contenir un travail inédit ou des déclarations non vérifiées (indiquez la date de pose grâce au paramètre date). Vous pouvez aider en ajoutant des références ou en supprimant le contenu inédit. Voir la page de discussion pour plus de détails.  Documentation[voir] [modifier] [historique] [purger] Bandeau inclus dans le modèle Problèmes multiples, av...

 

 

Province of Halle-Merseburg

This article is about the Prussian province. For the Third Reich's Gau, see Gau Halle-Merseburg. This article does not cite any sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Province of Halle-Merseburg – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (March 2019) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Province of Halle-MerseburgProvinz Halle-Merseburg&...

أوسيدج سيتي

أوسيدج سيتي     الإحداثيات 38°38′03″N 95°49′36″W / 38.6342°N 95.8267°W / 38.6342; -95.8267   [1] تاريخ التأسيس 1869  تقسيم إداري  البلد الولايات المتحدة[2]  التقسيم الأعلى مقاطعة اوساج  خصائص جغرافية  المساحة 8.516266 كيلومتر مربع8.523808 كيلومتر مربع (1 أبريل 2010) ...

 

 

2019 Leeds Rhinos season

This article needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (June 2024) Rugby league team season 2019 Leeds Rhinos seasonSuper League Rank9thPlay-off resultDid not qualifyChallenge Cup6th Round (lost to Bradford Bulls 22–24)2019 recordWins: 13; draws: 0; losses: 18Points scoredFor: 650; against: 644Team informationCEOGary HetheringtonHead CoachDavid Furner → Richard Agar (interim)CaptainKallum WatkinsS...