Look up planetary in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Planetary means relating to a planet or planets. It can also refer to: Planetary habitability, the...

A planetary system consists of a set of non-stellar bodies which are gravitationally bound to and in orbit of a star or star system. Generally speaking...

Planetary habitability is a measure used in astrobiology to characterize a planet's or a natural satellite's potential to develop and sustain an environment...

Planetary romance (other synonyms are sword and planet, and planetary adventure) is a subgenre of science fiction in which the bulk of the action consists...

Planetary symbols are used in astrology and traditionally in astronomy to represent a classical planet (which includes the Sun and the Moon) or one of...

A planetary nebula is a type of emission nebula consisting of an expanding, glowing shell of ionized gas ejected from red giant stars late in their lives...

A planetary surface is where the solid or liquid material of certain types of astronomical objects contacts the atmosphere or outer space. Planetary surfaces...

In planetary science, planetary differentiation is the process by which the chemical elements of a planetary body accumulate in different areas of that...

An epicyclic gear train (also known as a planetary gearset) is a gear reduction assembly consisting of two gears mounted so that the center of one gear...

Planetary consciousness is the idea that human beings are members of a planetary society of Earth as much as they are members of their nations, provinces...

Planetary geology, alternatively known as astrogeology or exogeology, is a planetary science discipline concerned with the geology of celestial bodies...

Planetary science (or more rarely, planetology) is the scientific study of celestial bodies (such as planets (including Earth), moons, asteroids, comets)...

The planetary hours are an ancient system in which one of the seven classical planets is given rulership over each day and various parts of the day. Developed...

In astronomy, a planetary parade, also known as a planetary alignment or planetary procession, occurs when multiple planets in the Solar System are visible...

A planetary core consists of the innermost layers of a planet. Cores may be entirely liquid, or a mixture of solid and liquid layers as is the case in...

existed for at least 300 years. However, the weather is not limited to planetary bodies. A star's corona is constantly being lost to space, creating what...

likeliest dwarf planets and dates of discovery A dwarf planet is a small planetary-mass object that is in direct orbit around the Sun, massive enough to...

Planetary boundaries are a framework to describe limits to the impacts of human activities on the Earth system. Beyond these limits, the environment may...

to maintain the safety and health of the space environment, as well as planetary environments. Similar to sustainability initiatives on Earth, space sustainability...

Planetary alignment can mean: a syzygy (astronomy), in which celestial bodies line up in 3D space a planetary parade, in which planets appear to line...

Planetary Annihilation is a real-time strategy PC game originally developed by Uber Entertainment, whose staff included several video game industry veterans...

Planetary is an American comic book series created by writer Warren Ellis and artist John Cassaday, and published by the Wildstorm imprint of DC Comics...

Planetary Resources, Inc., formerly known as Arkyd Astronautics, was an American company that was formed on 1 January 2009, and reorganized and renamed...

precovery. As of 30 July 2026, there are 6,333 confirmed exoplanets in 4,740 planetary systems, with 1,056 systems having more than one planet. There are many...

Planetary engineering is the development and application of technology for the purpose of influencing the environment of a planet. Planetary engineering...

The Planetary Society is an American internationally-active non-governmental nonprofit organization. It is involved in research, public outreach, and...

Planetary nomenclature, like terrestrial nomenclature, is a system of uniquely identifying features on the surface of a planet or natural satellite so...

planets, of which Earth is one. The Solar System is an isolated single-star planetary system (not part of a larger star system) within the Milky Way Galaxy...

In astronomy, Kepler's laws of planetary motion give good approximations for the orbits of planets around the Sun. They were published by Johannes Kepler...

A planetary-mass object (PMO), planemo, or planetary body (sometimes referred to as a world) is, by geophysical definition of celestial objects, any celestial...

A planetary-mass moon is a planetary-mass object that is a natural satellite of another non-stellar celestial object. Because of their mass, these moons...

common ball mills, there is a second type of ball mill called a planetary ball mill. Planetary ball mills are smaller than common ball mills and mainly used...

can be applied more broadly to other celestial bodies in the field of planetary science. Geography has been called "a bridge between natural science and...

In Traditional Western Occultism, Planetary intelligences are one of the seven divine beings associated with each of the seven traditional planets of...

A planetary scanner (also called an orbital scanner) is a type of image scanner for making scans of rare books and other easily damaged documents. In...

A planetary coordinate system (also referred to as planetographic, planetodetic, or planetocentric) is a generalization of the geographic, geodetic, and...

Planetary protection is a guiding principle in the design of an interplanetary mission, aiming to prevent biological contamination of both the target...

The Division for Planetary Sciences (DPS) is a division within the American Astronomical Society (AAS) devoted to Solar System research. It was founded...

free-floating planet (FFP) or an isolated planetary-mass object (iPMO), is an interstellar object of planetary mass which is not gravitationally bound to...

primary function of the laboratory is the construction and operation of planetary robotic spacecraft, though it also conducts Earth-orbit and astronomy...

A planetary phase is a certain portion of a planet's area that reflects sunlight as viewed from a given vantage point, as well as the period of time during...

A planetary mnemonic refers to a phrase created to remember the planets and belts of smaller bodies of the Solar System, with the order of words corresponding...

A planetary civilization or global civilization is a civilization of Type I on the Kardashev scale. This type of civilization is likely to be reliant...

generically for natural satellites. In the Solar System, there are six planetary satellite systems, altogether comprising 455 natural satellites with confirmed...

The planetary health diet (PHD), also called the EAT-Lancet diet, Lancet diet, planetary diet, or planetarian diet, is a diet created by the EAT-Lancet...

planetary radar at the Center for Deep Space Communications, Yevpatoria, Crimea. In scientific literature, it is often called the Evpatoria Planetary...

"Planetary (Go!)" (stylized as "Planetary (GO!)") is a song by the American rock band My Chemical Romance from their fourth studio album, Danger Days:...

The Planetary Democrats (German: Die Planetaren Demokrat_innen), is a political association in Germany. Its primary focus is the implementation of institutional...

Planetary Health refers to the interdependence of human and environmental health. It is an interdisciplinary research field and global movement that explores...

In meteorology, the planetary boundary layer (PBL), also known as the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) or peplosphere, is the lowest part of the atmosphere...

Planetary cartography, or cartography of extraterrestrial objects (CEO), is the cartography of solid objects outside of the Earth. Planetary maps can show...

the Kuiper belt. It was immediately hailed as the ninth planet, but its planetary status was questioned when it was found to be much smaller than expected...

larger than the planet Mercury. Jupiter is surrounded by a faint system of planetary rings. The rings of Jupiter consist mainly of dust and have three main...

gravity to re-fuse with Earth, with less remaining metallic iron than other planetary bodies. The Moon is depleted in volatile substances compared to Earth...

Planetary chauvinism is the belief that human society will always be planet-based (even if extended beyond Earth), and overlooks or ignores the potential...

for "mountain") is a mountain on a celestial body. The term is used in planetary nomenclature: it is a part of the international names of such features...

Planetary Invasion is the fifth album released by R&B group Midnight Star. Released in 1984 and produced by group member Reggie Calloway, this album peaked...

phosphorus, and others). Planetary management also includes managing humanity's influence on planetary-scale processes. Effective planetary management aims to...

refers to a shallow bowl used in antique cultures. This term is used in planetary nomenclature: it is a part of the international names of such features...

Planetary Duality is the second studio album by American death metal band The Faceless. It was released on November 11, 2008 through Sumerian Records...

Triple planetary crisis is a term and framework adopted by the United Nations system to describe the three intersecting global environmental crises of...

The planetary phase of civilization is a term created by the Global Scenario Group (GSG) to describe the contemporary era in which increasing global interdependence...

(born August 8, 1978),[citation needed] better known by his stage name Planetary, is an American underground rapper from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He...

The Planetary Observer program is a cancelled space exploration program designed by NASA to provide cheaper planetary orbiters by using Earth-orbiting...

The Planetary Report is a quarterly magazine published by the Planetary Society, featuring articles and photos of Solar System exploration, planetary missions...

"hill") is a small hill or knob on a celestial body. The term is used in planetary nomenclature: it is a part of international proper names of such features...

primarily of refractory materials with few volatiles. Further from the star, planetary embryos are created from accumulation of volatiles up to around ten times...

Planetary oceanography, also called astro-oceanography or exo-oceanography, is the study of oceans on planets and moons other than Earth. This field developed...

stars. The remaining material is then thought to form planets and other planetary system objects. Most nebulae are of vast size; some are hundreds of light-years...

"Planetary Sit-In" is a song by the English singer-songwriter Julian Cope. It is the second single released in support of his album Interpreter. "Julian...

referred to as planetary-mass objects due to the ambiguity of whether they should be regarded as rogue planets or brown dwarfs. There are planetary-mass objects...

Planetary Confinement is the third album by the UK band Antimatter, released in 2005. English Sessions The Weight of the World Epitaph A Portrait of the...

Planetary habitability in the Solar System is the study that searches the possible existence of past or present extraterrestrial life in those celestial...

Insights" (PDF). Lunar and Planetary Science XXXVII. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-12-17. Retrieved 2008-12-16. "Planetary Satellite Physical Parameters"...

Planetary nebulae are a type of emission nebula created from the ejected gas of dying red giant stars. The following is an incomplete list of known planetary...

Planetary is an American comic book limited series created by writer Warren Ellis and artist John Cassaday published by the Wildstorm imprint of DC Comics...

The Planetary Data System (PDS) is a distributed data system that NASA uses to archive data collected by Solar System missions. The PDS is an active archive...

ratio differences, it may use a scaled-down approximation. Mechanical planetary models are known to have existed since the Ancient Greeks, and are known...

The International Planetary Data Alliance (IPDA), founded in 2006, is a closely cooperating partnership to maintain the quality and performance of data...

The Planetary Collegium (a.k.a. CAiiA / Centre for Advanced Inquiry in Integrative Arts) is an international transcultural and transdisciplinary new media...

The Lunar and Planetary Laboratory (LPL) is a research center for planetary science located in Tucson, Arizona. It is also a graduate school, constituting...

orbited at a focal point of the ellipse, as described by Kepler's laws of planetary motion. Planets revolve around a star, a natural satellite around a planet...

the ecliptic in our sky. Therefore, although an apparent planetary alignment known as a planetary parade may appear as a line (actually, a great arc), the...

Earth and Planetary Science Letters (EPSL) is a bimonthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering research on physical, chemical and mechanical processes...

category; Ceres, Pluto, and Eris are in the category of dwarf planet. Many planetary scientists have nonetheless continued to apply the term planet more broadly...

the 16th century. Alchemists would typically call the metals by their planetary names, e.g. "Saturn" for lead, "Mars" for iron; compounds of tin, iron...

of planetary formation refers to the final stage of planetary formation, dominated by energetic collisions primarily driven by gravity. Planetary formation...

Comparative planetary science or comparative planetology is a branch of space science and planetary science in which different natural processes and systems...

The Simpson planetary gearset is a compound gear train consisting of two planetary gearsets with a common sun gear and a coupled ring gear and carrier...

exoplanets. As of 30 July 2026, there are 6,333 confirmed exoplanets in 4,740 planetary systems, with 1,056 systems having more than one planet. Most of these...

Planetary Adventures is an anthology of Sword and Planet short stories edited by D. M. Ritzlin, the first in a trio of adventure anthologies, each focusing...

In astronomy, planetary mass is a measure of the mass of a planet-like astronomical object. Within the Solar System, planets are usually measured in the...

the hypothesis, all lifeforms are considered part of one single living planetary being called Gaia. In this view, the atmosphere, the seas and the terrestrial...

galaxy. Observations by the Hubble Space Telescope have shown proplyds and planetary disks to be forming within the Orion Nebula. Protoplanetary disks are...

The planetary equilibrium temperature is a theoretical temperature that a planet would be if it were in radiative equilibrium, typically under the assumption...

In planetary geology, a corona /kəˈroʊnə/ (plural: coronae /kəˈroʊniː/) is an oval-shaped feature. Coronae appear on both the planet Venus and Uranus's...

Planetary Laboratory was a monographic series that ran from 1962 to 1973 and covered publications and reports by the staff of the Lunar and Planetary...

Mount Everest above sea level. It is Mars's tallest volcano, its tallest planetary mountain, and is approximately tied with Rheasilvia on Vesta as the tallest...

to have formed in five stages: dust settling, planetesimal formation, planetary embryos, giant impacts, and finally formation of atmospheres. Limited...

Planetary Unfolding (1981) is an album of electronic ambient music by composer and keyboardist Michael Stearns. It is considered a classic of ambient...

Planetary Brigade is a comic book series published by Boom! Studios. It was created by Keith Giffen, J.M. DeMatteis and Joe Abraham. Originally a two-issue...

There are a number of planetary objects proposed in religion, astrology, ufology and pseudoscience whose existence is not supported by scientific evidence...

lifeforms is then transported by meteors between bodies in a planetary system, or even across planetary systems within a galaxy. In this way, panspermia studies...

A roller screw, also known as a planetary roller screw or satellite roller screw, is a low-friction precision screw-type actuator, a mechanical device...

Planetary and Space Science (P&SS), published 15 times per year, is a peer-reviewed scientific journal established in 1959. It publishes original research...

The Lunar and Planetary Science Conference (LPSC), jointly sponsored by the Lunar and Planetary Institute (LPI) and NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC), brings...

The Planetary Missions Program Office is a division of NASA headquartered at the Marshall Space Flight Center, formed by the agency's Science Mission...

combine to produce Moon-size planetary embryos (protoplanets) over roughly 0.1–1 million years. Finally, the planetary embryos collide to form planets...

The Planetary Defense Coordination Office (PDCO) is a planetary defense organization established in January 2016 within NASA's Planetary Science Division...

Planetary Unknown is an album by saxophonist David S. Ware which was recorded in 2010 and released on the AUM Fidelity label. In his review for AllMusic...

Meteoritics & Planetary Science is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of the Meteoritical Society. It specialises...

and Planetary gearsets) for longitudinal engine applications, designed and built by ZF's subsidiary in Saarbrücken. It uses the Lepelletier planetary gearset...

gave one of the first scientific propositions of terraforming with the planetary engineering of Venus in 1961. Even if the environment of a planet could...

The Planetary Habitability Laboratory (PHL) is a research remote laboratory intended to study the habitability of the Solar System and other stellar systems...

and Brahmagupta. Āryabhaṭa notably improved methods for calculating planetary motions and eclipses. In the later medieval period, the Kerala school...

Deadlock: Planetary Conquest is a turn-based strategy computer game by Accolade. The game was officially released in 1996. The story revolves around eight...

This is a list of countries by planetary pressures–adjusted human development index (PHDI), as published by the UNDP in its 2020 Human Development Report...

In astronomy and planetary science, a magnetosphere is a region of space surrounding an astronomical object, such as a planet or other object, in which...

Planetary Traveler is a soundtrack album by Paul Haslinger, for a film of the same name, released in 1998 through Third Planet Entertainment. All music...

The Planetary Science Institute (PSI) is a 501(c)(3) non-profit research institute based in Tucson, Arizona, focusing on planetary science. As of 2025[update]...

(Spectropolarimeter for Planetary Exploration) is a single-channel, high-precision polarimeter for the characterization of planetary atmospheres. It is intended...

2012, Summer Solstice Day, Skolnick announced his world music album Planetary Coalition at the annual Make Music New York festival sponsored by Guitar...

The Planetary Science Decadal Survey is a serial publication of the United States National Research Council produced for NASA and other United States...

Planetary migration occurs when a planet or other body in orbit around a star interacts with a disk of gas or planetesimals, resulting in the alteration...

interest to astronomers are eclipses, apparent retrograde motion/planetary stations, planetary ingresses, sidereal time, positions for the mean and true nodes...

planets, moonlets, or stellar objects. Ring systems are best known as planetary rings, common components of satellite systems around giant planets such...

This is a list of exoplanets and planetary debris disks around white dwarfs. Circumbinary exoplanets found with eclipse timing variations are sometimes...

Spectroradiometry is a technique in Earth and planetary remote sensing, which makes use of light behaviour, specifically how light energy is reflected...

The Planetary Science Journal is a peer-reviewed open access scientific journal of astrophysics and astronomy, established in 2020. It is published by...

Planetary Pebbles is an extensive series of compilation albums that is a sub-series to the main Pebbles series, and was circulated through AIP Records...

current in the metallic hydrogen layer is thought to give rise to Saturn's planetary magnetic field, which is weaker than Earth's, but has a magnetic moment...

below. When scholars applied Ptolemy's epicycles, they presumed that each planetary sphere was exactly thick enough to accommodate them. By combining this...

The Lunar and Planetary Institute (LPI) is a scientific research institute dedicated to study of the Solar System, its formation, evolution, and current...

patent application on July 28, 1949, in Neuilly-sur-Seine France. This planetary gearset, commonly used in automatic transmissions, is constructed from...

The Center for Planetary Research at the University of Copenhagen was created in February 2001 when the planetary science groups from the Niels Bohr Institute...

to the planet Mercury. The mission comprises two orbiters: the Mercury Planetary Orbiter (MPO), built and operated by ESA, and Mio (Mercury Magnetospheric...

The Center for Earth and Planetary Studies (CEPS) is a research center affiliated with the Smithsonian Institution. Based in Washington, DC, the Center...

stars, planets or moons whose existence is not accepted by science, see: Planetary objects proposed in religion, astrology, ufology and pseudoscience and...

control for passenger cars. The Simpson planetary gearset types were first introduced in 1980, the Ravigneaux planetary gearset types in 1984 and were produced...

of Planetary Nomenclature. U.S. Geological Survey. 17 December 2008. Archived from the original on 9 August 2018. Retrieved 26 March 2012. "Planetary linguistics"...

The MAss Spectrometer for Planetary EXploration (MASPEX) is a time-of-flight mass spectrometer capable of high-resolution and high-sensitivity that allows...

The Institute of Space and Planetary Astrophysics, renamed to Institute of Space Science and Technology, also known as by its abbreviation (I.S.S.T.)...

loss. A separate group of stars with WR spectra are the central stars of planetary nebulae (CSPNe), post-asymptotic giant branch stars that were similar...

collapse of a gas cloud (perhaps with the help of photo-erosion) but have a planetary mass, therefore are by definition below the limiting mass for thermonuclear...

Rossby waves, also known as planetary waves, are a type of inertial wave naturally occurring in rotating fluids. They were first identified by Sweden-born...

hypothesized Planet Nine in the Solar System. (Planetary migration is a competing explanation.) Planetary capture (possibly planet swapping with neighboring...

astronomer Ptolemy wrote about the possibility of planetary transits across the face of the Sun in his work Planetary Hypotheses. He suggested that no transits...

In planetary nomenclature, a fossa /ˈfɒsə/ (pl. fossae /ˈfɒsiː/) is a long, narrow depression (trough) on the surface of an extraterrestrial body, such...

Theoretical planetology, also known as theoretical planetary science is a branch of planetary sciences that developed in the 20th century. Scientific models...

In astronomy, planetary transits and occultations occur when a planet passes in front of another object, as seen by an observer. The occulted object may...

2022. "Planetary Names: Categories for Naming Features on Planets and Satellites". International Astronomical Union (IAU) Working Group for Planetary System...

its orbital period (lunar month). In geophysical terms, the Moon is a planetary-mass object or satellite planet. Its mass is 1.2% that of the Earth, and...

capping inversion is an elevated inversion layer that caps a convective planetary boundary layer. The boundary layer is the part of the atmosphere which...

The Planetary Science Archive is the central repository for all scientific and engineering data returned by the European Space Agency's Solar System missions...

important part in the growth of especially terrestrial planets from so-called planetary embryos. Detections of individual collisions are nevertheless rare and...

of the planetary atmosphere and 99% of the total mass of water vapor and aerosols, and is where most weather phenomena occur. From the planetary surface...

This is a list of notable confirmed exoplanets and planetary debris disks around giant stars, mainly sorted by distance to the Sun. Exoplanets orbiting...

sometimes planetary rover) is a planetary surface exploration machine designed to move over the rough surface of a planet or other planetary-mass celestial...

sentient black holes. Carbon chauvinism Hypothetical types of biochemistry Planetary chauvinism Panspermia "All the foregoing appearances, when taken together...

The Wide Field/Planetary Camera (WFPC, pronounced as "wiffpick") was a camera installed on the Hubble Space Telescope launched in April 1990 and operated...

Group for Planetary System Nomenclature (WGPSN), which maintains the astronomical naming conventions and planetary nomenclature for planetary bodies, and...

This is a List of mutual planetary eclipses, including occultations and transits. Although mutual occultations of planets had been recorded in 581, 1170...

(pl. maculae /ˈmækjʊliː/) is the Latin word for 'spot'. It is used in planetary nomenclature to refer to unusually dark areas on the surface of a planet...

2MASS J11193254–1137466 AB (often shortened to 2MASS J1119–1137 AB) is a planetary mass binary located 86±23 light-years from the Earth in the constellation...

automatic transmissions is the hydraulic automatic, which typically uses planetary gearsets that are operated using hydraulics. The transmission is connected...

Earth and Planetary Sciences is an annual peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Annual Reviews, which broadly covers Earth and planetary sciences...

astronomical phenomena such as lunar eclipses, planetary alignments, and apparent interactions of planetary bodies with stars. The Sabians of Harran, a poorly...

explain the formation and evolution of the Solar System (as well as other planetary systems). It suggests the Solar System was formed from gas and dust orbiting...

The Planet Simulator, also known as the Planetary Simulator, is a climate-controlled simulation chamber designed to aid in the study of the origin of...

The Wide Field and Planetary Camera 2 (WFPC2) is a camera formerly installed on the Hubble Space Telescope. The camera was built by the Jet Propulsion...

Christopher P. McKay (born 1954) is an American planetary scientist at NASA Ames Research Center, studying planetary atmospheres, astrobiology, and terraforming...

and al-Ghazālī (1058–1111) and it was preserved in the tradition of the planetary tables. The earliest occurrence of the association of seven magic squares...

molten iron in the planetary core generates electric currents which in turn give rise to magnetic fields. In simulations of planetary dynamos, reversals...

cosmos and not a rarity from the Solar System. The Solar System is a planetary system and is part of the Milky Way galaxy. The Milky Way is part of the...

as Caldwell 15) is a planetary nebula located in the constellation Cygnus. It is commonly referred to as the "Blinking Planetary", although many other...

The Arctic Planetary Science Institute, or APSI (Finnish: (unofficially) Arktinen planeettatutkimusinstituutti) is an independent organization dedicated...

The Association of Lunar and Planetary Observers (ALPO or A.L.P.O.) is an international scientific and educational organization established in March 1947...

mitigation), river control and stream restoration, and coastal protection. Planetary geomorphology studies landforms on other terrestrial planets such as Mars...

by Massive Attack on their track "Unfinished Sympathy", which sampled "Planetary Citizen", resulting in the band's being sued by Ralphe Armstrong, who...

Guest (6 December 1938 – 19 May 2012), was a British volcanologist and planetary scientist. Guest was born in London, England. He studied at University...

Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, established in October 1967, is a biweekly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Elsevier. The co-editors...

The NASA International Planetary Patrol Program consists of a network of astronomical observatories to collect uninterrupted images and observations of...

The Ring Nebula is a planetary nebula in the northern constellation of Lyra, about mid-way between the prominent stars Beta and Gamma Lyrae. It is also...

5194/amt-16-1527-2023. ISSN 1867-8548. "Earth-Moon Dynamics". Lunar and Planetary Institute (LPI). Retrieved 2025-04-07. "The Sun and Transits as Seen From...

objects with substructures. Some examples of astronomical objects include planetary systems, star clusters, nebulae, and galaxies, while asteroids, moons...

theoretical astronomer Johannes Kepler believed that the ratios between planetary orbits would conform to "God's design" only with the addition of two planets:...

province: Implications for the end-Permian environmental crisis". Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 277 (1–2): 9–20. Bibcode:2009E&PSL.277....9R. doi:10...

Planetary dispositors play an important role in Astrology. A dispositor is a planet that rules the sign that another planet is located in. For example...

A planetary flyby is the act of sending a space probe past a planet or a dwarf planet close enough to record scientific data. This is a subset of the...

virtual impactor based on a simulated exercise conducted by the 2021 Planetary Defense Conference. In 2022, NASA spacecraft DART impacted Dimorphos,...

observed the planet Mercury transiting the Sun, marking the first time a planetary transit has been observed from a celestial body besides Earth. In rare...

Atlas of AI: Power, Politics, and the Planetary Costs of Artificial Intelligence is a book by Australian academic Kate Crawford. It is based on Crawford's...

stellar encounters. Such a scenario may mean that Proxima Centauri's planetary companions have had a much lower chance for orbital disruption by Alpha...

Sh 2-174 (also known as Valentine Rose Nebula) is a planetary nebula located in the constellation of Cepheus. It is one of the northernmost objects in...

lines MWP — Motch-Werner-Pakull (planetary nebulae) MyCn — Mayall-Cannon (planetary nebulae) Mz — Menzel (planetary nebulae) N — (for example: N 164 nebula...

ice giants in the Solar System: Uranus and Neptune. In astrophysics and planetary science, the term "ice" refers to volatile chemical compounds with freezing...

In planetary geology, an arcus (pl. arcũs) is an arc-shaped type of landform. Arcus is the Latin word for arc. As of 2022 the only named arcus are Hotei...

The radii of these objects range over three orders of magnitude, from planetary-mass objects like dwarf planets and some moons to the planets and the...

appear, as do planets with unusual chemical conditions. Various peculiar planetary shapes have been depicted, including flattened, cubic, and toroidal. Some...

it is the most massive, 81 times that of Earth's Moon, and among all planetary-mass objects of the Solar System it is the object with the highest density...

In planetary astronomy and astrobiology, the Rare Earth hypothesis argues that the origin of life and the evolution of biological complexity, such as...

The Planetary series of stories by Stanley G. Weinbaum is a series of short stories, published in Wonder Stories and Astounding Stories in the 1930s,...

Noll (born 1958) is an American planetary scientist. Noll works at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) as a planetary astronomer. Before coming go...

and young, massive stars are the source of the ionizing photons; and planetary nebulae, in which a dying star has thrown off its outer layers, with the...

Amitabh Ghosh is an American planetary geologist. He attended Don Bosco, Park Circus, Kolkata, and was a key team member who identified the landing site...

bipolar planetary nebula in the constellation Ophiuchus NGC 6302, a bipolar planetary nebula in the constellation Scorpius NGC 2346, a planetary nebula...

The Vicarious Hypothesis, or hypothesis vicaria, was a planetary hypothesis proposed by Johannes Kepler to describe the motion of Mars. The hypothesis...

mountains on the Moon (with a scope including all named mons and montes, planetary science jargon terms roughly equivalent to 'isolated mountain'/'massif'...

life detection technology, meteoritics, origins of life, planetary geoscience, planetary protection, prebiotic chemistry, space exploration technology...

Huygens, Titan was the first known moon of Saturn and the sixth known planetary satellite (after Earth's moon and the four Galilean moons of Jupiter)...

Thomson's model could not be correct. Also among the early models were "planetary" or Solar System-like models. In a 1901 paper, Jean Baptiste Perrin used...

Division for Planetary Sciences of the American Astronomical Society. The prize recognizes and encourages outstanding achievements in planetary science by...

An Inconvenient Truth: The Planetary Emergency of Global Warming and What We Can Do About It is a 2006 book by Al Gore released in conjunction with the...

Interactive. The game follows the player character as they explore a planetary system stuck in a 22-minute time loop that resets after the sun goes supernova...

landform is a land feature on the solid surface of the Earth or other planetary body. They may be natural or may be anthropogenic (caused or influenced...

6) is a planetary nebula in the northern constellation of Draco, discovered by William Herschel on February 15, 1786. It was the first planetary nebula...

that then took the artist names Planetary, Jedeye and Crypt the Warchild. The founding member Mario Collazo (Planetary) was then attending 10th grade,...

A shepherd moon is a small natural satellite that clears a gap in planetary ring material or keeps particles within a ring contained. The name is a result...

These are now known as Lepelletier planetary gearset or Lepelletier gear mechanisms. It is a combination of a planetary gearset and a compound Ravigneaux...

The Jonathan Eberhart Planetary Sciences Journalism Award was established by the Division for Planetary Sciences to recognize and stimulate distinguished...

have been named after Thai people or things in Thailand. These include planetary features on Mars and Venus, minor planets, and exoplanets. As of February...

The alpine planetary boundary layer is the planetary boundary layer (PBL) associated with mountainous regions. Due to its high spatial and temporal variability...

the Division for Planetary Sciences of the American Astronomical Society for outstanding lifetime achievement in the field of planetary science. The prize...

headquartered in Mill Valley, California, United States, dedicated to planetary science and planetary defense against asteroids and other near-Earth object (NEO)...

Planetary nebula luminosity function (PNLF) is a secondary distance indicator used in astronomy. It makes use of the [O III] λ5007 forbidden line found...

satellite-based remote sensing instruments can be used to measure properties of the planetary boundary layer, including boundary layer height, aerosols and clouds....

the southern constellation of Ara, is a pre-planetary nebula in the process of developing to a planetary nebula. The central star is known as IRAS 16594-4656...

by telescopes, there is much desire to revisit the planet, as shown by Planetary Science Decadal Survey's decision to make the proposed Uranus Orbiter...

University in the Netherlands. In 2020, the UNDP introduced another index, the planetary pressures–adjusted Human Development Index (PHDI), which decreases the...

Video games portal Solar System Explorer, later renamed Planetary Missions, is an educational video game developed by UK-based studio Maris Multimedia...

October 25, 1973) is an Australian-American astrophysicist, professor of planetary astrophysics at the University of California, Riverside, and a Fellow...

and Satellites". Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature, International Astronomical Union (IAU) Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature (WGPSN). Retrieved...

FRS (born 1947) is a British physicist, and Emeritus Professor of Solar Planetary Physics at the University of Leicester. Cowley was educated at Caludon...

S.; Sozzetti, A.; Lovis, C.; et al. (2014). "Characterization of the planetary system Kepler-101 with HARPS-N: A hot super-Neptune with an Earth-sized...

Meritorious Service to Planetary Science, usually called the Masursky Award, is awarded annually by the Division for Planetary Sciences (DPS) of the American...

its Planetary Health Check, updated yearly. In 2025, ocean acidification was assessed as the seventh transgressed planetary boundary in the Planetary Health...

their self-titled third album. In early 2013, they announced a new album, Planetary Breathing, to be released in April. A little later, the album was pushed...

largest moon of Saturn. Planetary features are approved by the International Astronomical Union's (IAU) Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature (WGPSN)...

Global and Planetary Change is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering research into the earth sciences, particularly pertaining to changes...

(May 27, 1927 – May 21, 2012) was an emeritus professor in the Earth and Planetary Sciences department of Harvard University. He made major contributions...

visible spectrum. It was installed as a replacement for the Wide Field and Planetary Camera 2 during the first spacewalk of Space Shuttle mission STS-125 (Hubble...

The HWC is maintained by the Planetary Habitability Laboratory at the University of Puerto Rico at Arecibo. Surface planetary habitability is thought to...

habitable environments in the Solar System and beyond, the search for planetary biosignatures of past or present extraterrestrial life, and the study...

Rockström has pioneered work on the planetary boundaries framework, first published in 2009. The nine planetary boundaries presented in the framework...

Dark Green Religion: Nature Spirituality and the Planetary Future is a 2009 book by the American scholar and conservationist Bron Taylor. It is about...

Fomalhaut on the right. Debris disks are found around stars with mature planetary systems, including at least one debris disk in orbit around an evolved...

Horizons KBO Encounter Targets (PDF). 46th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference. Lunar and Planetary Institute. Bibcode:2015LPI....46.1301P. "JPL Horizons...

volcanology, structural geology, mineralogy, and planetary sciences. Its content ranged from planetary evolution to computer modeling of fossil development...

PLAnetary Transits and Oscillations of stars (Plato) is a space telescope under development by the European Space Agency for launch in March 2027. It...

A sub-brown dwarf or planetary-mass brown dwarf is an astronomical object that formed in the same manner as stars and brown dwarfs (i.e. through the collapse...

The Centre for Planetary Science and Exploration (CPSX) is an academic unit operating at the University of Western Ontario (UWO). Founded in 2007, and...

System, magma oceans were formed by the melting of planetesimals and planetary impacts. Small planetesimals are melted by the heat provided by the radioactive...

Space Plasmas and Planetary Magnetospheres Branches, and then as a Senior Astrophysicist. He was a major pioneer in the field of planetary magnetism. As a...

produced by General Motors for longitudinal engines. It uses a Lepelletier planetary gearset, an epicyclic gearset, which can provide more gear ratios with...

giant at 88 light-years' distance. A red giant will usually produce a planetary nebula and become a white dwarf at the end of its life. A red giant is...

interstellar war is a hypothetical space war between combatants from different planetary systems. The concept provides a common plot device in science fiction...

pulse, swelled and became a red giant. It is located at the center of a planetary nebula and is believed to currently be in thermal instability and within...

geochemistry and cosmochemistry to study planetary processes to better understand past and future planetary environments, and what this information may...

low-mass star, a brown dwarf or a young free-floating planetary-mass object. If a young exoplanet or planetary-mass companion is detected via direct imaging,...

ancient atmosphere in an intense "late veneer" bombardment. As the Earth's planetary surface eventually cooled and formed a stable but evolving crust during...

ˈkœypər]; 7 December 1905 – 23 December 1973) was a Dutch astronomer, planetary scientist, selenographer, author and professor. The Kuiper belt is named...

SAY-gən; November 9, 1934 – December 20, 1996) was an American astronomer, planetary scientist and science communicator. Initially an assistant professor at...

The convective planetary boundary layer (CPBL), also known as the daytime planetary boundary layer (or simply convective boundary layer, CBL, when in context)...

A palimpsest /ˈpælɪmpsɛst/, in planetary astronomy, is an ancient crater that has been degraded over time. They may also be referred to as "ghost craters"...

transverse engine applications produced by Aisin Seiki. It uses a Lepelletier planetary gearset, an epicyclic gearset, which can provide more gear ratios with...

model year Ford Explorer and Mercury Mountaineer. It uses a Lepelletier planetary gearset, an epicyclic gearset, which can provide more gear ratios with...

The semi-analytic planetary theory VSOP (French: Variations Séculaires des Orbites Planétaires) is a mathematical model describing long-term changes (secular...

describe the multiple interconnected layers that computation depends on at a planetary scale. The term was introduced by Benjamin H. Bratton in a 2014 essay...

on Greek mythology, in which Phobos is a companion to the god, Ares. Planetary moons other than Earth's were never given symbols in the astronomical...

nuclear fusion processes. He also did influential theoretical work on planetary formation in the early Solar System. In his late career, he focused more...

A protoplanet or planetary embryo is an astronomical body originated within a protoplanetary disk that has undergone internal melting to produce a differentiated...

normal stars with disks of dust around them, possibly the early stage of planetary system formation. New discoveries included a dust disk around Vega and...

between the late asymptotic giant branch (LAGB)[a] phase and the subsequent planetary nebula (PN) phase. A PPN emits strongly in infrared radiation, and is...

and science. It includes the advances in the knowledge of the Earth at planetary scale, as part of it. Humans (Homo sapiens) have inhabited the Earth in...

In planetary science, any material that has a relatively high equilibrium condensation temperature is called refractory. The opposite of refractory is...

Galilean moons. It is observable from Earth with common binoculars and is a planetary-mass moon, slightly smaller and less massive than Earth's Moon. Europa...

called 2MASS J0419012+280248) is a low-mass brown dwarf or free-floating planetary-mass object that is surrounded by a protoplanetary disk, actively accreting...

The Virtual Planetary Laboratory (VPL) is a virtual institute based at the University of Washington that studies how to detect exoplanetary habitability...

bodies. This method demonstrates the correctness of Kepler's laws of planetary motion. Where one of the bodies is sufficiently massive, general relativity...

McDonnell), born James Anthony Michael McDonnell, is a Professor (Emeritus) of Planetary and Space Sciences. Specialising in space science and a recognised authority...

/ˈfluːmɛn/ (plural flumina) is the Latin word for river. It is used in planetary geology to name landform features on the Saturnian moon Titan. A flumen...

PANGAEA (Planetary Analogue Geological and Astrobiological Exercise for Astronauts) is an astronaut training course developed by the European Space Agency...

complete planetary nebula, and it is still in the short-lived protoplanetary nebula phase. IRAS 20068+4051 has given astronomers insight into how planetary nebulae...

released music under more than 10 different names; the best known being Planetary Assault Systems, and LSD. Born in Reading and raised in Horley, Slater's...

American planetary geologist who currently is a Senior Scientist Emeritus of the Planetary Science Institute. Wood earned his PhD in Planetary Geology...

centuries, into the future. In August 2020 the Arecibo Observatory (Arecibo Planetary Radar) suffered a structural cable failure, leading to the collapse of...

"Questions and Answers - Sten's Space Blog". www.astronomycafe.net. "Planetary Fact Sheet". nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov. Bate, Roger B.; Mueller, Donald D.;...

dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, phosphine, halogens, noble gases and others. Planetary scientists often classify volatiles with exceptionally low melting points...

sequence, giant, or supergiant stars, but also some central stars of planetary nebulae, old low-mass stars near the end of their lives, which typically...

(September 7, 1925 – February 8, 2008) was an American astronomer and planetary physicist. He was a NASA scientist, populist author and futurist. Jastrow...

in the 17th-century Scientific Revolution, best known for his laws of planetary motion, and his books Astronomia nova, Harmonice Mundi, and Epitome Astronomiae...

converter and Planetary gearsets) for longitudinal engine applications, designed and built by ZF's subsidiary in Saarbrücken. The Ravigneaux planetary gearset...

A mantle is a layer inside a planetary body bounded below by a core and above by a crust. Mantles are made of rock or ices, and are generally the largest...

Planetary Transportation Systems (PTS), formerly known as PTScientists and Part-Time Scientists, is a Berlin-based aerospace company. They developed the...

Atmospheric escape is the loss of planetary atmospheric gases to outer space. A number of different mechanisms can be responsible for atmospheric escape;...

The Abell Catalog of Planetary Nebulae was created in 1966 by George O. Abell and was composed of 86 entries thought to be planetary nebulae. The objects...

WorldKiller: The Game of Planetary Assault is a science fiction board wargame published by Simulations Publications Inc. (SPI) in 1980 that simulates...

scientist, and science communicator who currently serves as the Acting NASA Planetary Defense Officer, the Program Manager for NASA’s Near-Earth Object Observations...

(1962–2012) was a Mexican astronomer who studied interstellar clouds including planetary nebulae and compact H II regions. She became known for the discovery of...

after astronomer Johannes Kepler (who, ironically, was convinced that planetary systems did not exist around any of the stars) the spacecraft was launched...

Planetary-surface construction is the construction of artificial habitats and other structures on planetary surfaces. Planetary surface construction can...

stems from a paper presented to the 2000 IAU general assembly by the planetary scientists Alan Stern and Harold F. Levison. The authors used several...

for microbial life (including investigation of the role of water), and planetary habitability studies in preparation for human exploration. In December...

2nd century, shows Greek personifications of planetary gods charged with early versions of the planetary symbols: Mercury has a caduceus; Venus has, attached...

few known examples of a pulsar with a surviving planetary companion, offering insights into planetary formation and survival in the aftermath of a supernova...

airmasses during an adiabatic (i.e. non-heat-exchanging) process above the planetary boundary layer. The change of state of air parcels following isentropic...

which the planetary gearset concept was limited to a purely serial or in-line power flow—to a more modern design method that utilizes a planetary gearset...

indications that a white dwarf has a remnant planetary system. The most common observable evidence of a remnant planetary system is pollution of the spectrum of...

planets and other celestial bodies (planetary mass or not) to orbit around itself, therefore forming a planetary system with the said star as the primary...

given to the territory of Bosnia in the 10th century. HD 206610 is a planetary system which has one known planet, HD 206610 b or Naron, discovered in...

Messier 76, NGC 650/651, the Barbell Nebula, or the Cork Nebula, is a planetary nebula in the northern constellation of Perseus. It was discovered by...

collaboration to understand external drivers of planetary environments and universal processes in solar-terrestrial-planetary-heliospheric physics. The IHY will focus...

create the mixing action by either rotating the mixing device vertically (planetary mixers), or by rotating the mixing container (spiral mixers).[citation...

scientist, and Professor of Earth and Planetary Sciences at Harvard University, in the Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences. Peter Huybers received a...

speculative design, artificial intelligence, and for his writing on "planetary scale computation." He is Professor of Visual Arts at University of California...

description of the construction of a solar equatorium (as opposed to planetary) is contained in Proclus's fifth-century work Hypotyposis, where he gives...

9 km/sec. The structure is intended to be used as a space station or as a planetary vehicle for very high-speed transportation or space launch. Because the...

follow-up observations of the TOI-375 planetary system. The planet is the outermost known member of the TOI-375 planetary system, which contains at least three...

star in the southern constellation Hydrus that is notable for its large planetary system. Since its discovery, at least six exoplanets have been observed...

Dimitri Alexander Sverjensky is a professor in Earth and Planetary Sciences at Johns Hopkins University where his research is focused on geochemistry...

ETHOS 1 is a high-latitude planetary nebula in the constellation of Lyra. This nebula is notable for possessing fast polar jets. This nebula was discovered...

of free-floating planets in 2002, and a Ph.D in planetary science with work on the dynamics of planetary formation involving the modelling of the formation...

released their debut album, Akeldama, in November 2006, and a follow-up, Planetary Duality, in November 2008. The band's third album, Autotheism, was released...

ecology. He introduced the concept of complex holism and has written on planetary and ecological thought. He has also translated the work of French philosopher...

a Professor Emeritus of Astrophysics and Planetary Science in the Department of Astrophysics and Planetary Science at Villanova University. He specializes...

спутников) is a Soviet-era planetary atlas published in the Russian language in Moscow. It summarizes Soviet and American planetary science results in thematic...

level position "P", the output is locked mechanically. The Ravigneaux planetary gearset types were first introduced in 1963 and produced through the mid-seventies...

the stars. The Copernican model was later replaced by Kepler's laws of planetary motion. Philolaus (4th century BC) was one of the first to hypothesize...

Константи́н Юрьевич Батыгин) is an American astronomer and Professor of Planetary Sciences at Caltech. Konstantin Batygin was born in Moscow, Soviet Union...

June 27, 1941) is a Professor Emeritus of planetary science at the University of Arizona’s Lunar and Planetary Laboratory. His interests in the chemistry...

personality. He is the former host of Planetary Radio, a radio talk show about space exploration produced by The Planetary Society.[citation needed] Kaplan's...

characterized by two lobes either side of a central star. About 10–20% of planetary nebulae are bipolar. Though the exact causes of this nebular structure...

Kosuke (2015-10-01). "Planetary and meteoritic Mg/Si and δ30Si variations inherited from solar nebula chemistry". Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 427:...

Meteoritical Society and the Planetary Geology Division of the Geological Society of America. It recognizes the best planetary science paper, published during...

the present day through their Barringer Crater Company. The Lunar and Planetary Institute, the American Museum of Natural History, and other science institutes...

debate on planetary stewardship, earth system transformation and ESG. Planetary justice is a system designed to secure the integrity of the planetary system...

eventually designing the AstroAnalyst. He wrote several books, including Planetary Stock Trading, which uses company first trade dates to pick winners. Brimelow...

the semi-major axis of planetary objects belonging to the habitable zone of G-type stars is wide enough to allow planetary rotation. In addition, the...

American geophysicist and one of the pioneers of modern geodynamics and planetary physics. In 1961 he received degrees in engineering physics and aeronautical...

The Fred Whipple Award, established in 1989 by the Planetary Sciences Section of the American Geophysical Union, is presented to an individual who makes...

development – shaped like a doughnut or lifebelt – combining the concept of planetary boundaries with the complementary concept of social boundaries. The name...

Small Innovative Missions for Planetary Exploration (SIMPLEx) is a planetary exploration program operated by NASA. The program funds small, low-cost spacecraft...

geologic structure of deformed bedrock or sediment produced by impact on a planetary surface, whatever the stage of erosion of the structure. In contrast,...

In planetary astronomy, the grand tack hypothesis proposes that Jupiter formed at a distance of 3.5 AU from the Sun, then migrated inward to 1.5 AU, before...

calculation of line-by-line atmospheric emission/transmission spectra in planetary atmospheres. It has been developed by Javier Martín-Torres. It allows...

the constellation of Draco. It is notable for being the only confirmed planetary system with the same number of observed planets as the Solar System. Prior...

elements on planetary surfaces. The K/U ratio helps explain the evolution of the planetary system and the origin of Earth's Moon. In planetary science, volatiles...

mountains on Mars by height Volcanoes on Mars "Hadriacus Mons". Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. Retrieved 2013-03-12. "Hadriacus Mons". Retrieved 2013-03-12...

a geometric albedo between 0.05–0.30 "Chang'e 2 images of Toutatis". Planetary.org. P. Rincon (22 February 2019). "Hayabusa-2: Japan spacecraft touches...

2018, researchers determined that of the seven exoplanets in the multi-planetary system, TRAPPIST-1e has the best chance of being an Earth-like ocean planet...

the star is able to ionise its surrounding nebula, producing a true planetary nebula. Post-AGB stars span a large range of temperatures, as they are...

Morgan), McDonald Observatory, University of Texas–Austin, the Lunar and Planetary Laboratory in Tucson, Arizona, and the National Autonomous University...

Sara Samantha Russell (born 1966) is a professor of planetary sciences and leader of the Planetary Materials Group at the Natural History Museum, London...

Canada Research Chair in planetary astronomy. He does both theoretical work (large-scale numerical simulations of planetary dynamics) and observational...

Sanskrit, daśā, 'condition', 'state', 'circumstances', 'period of life', 'planetary period'.) The dasha pattern shows which planets according to Hindu astrology...

preserve information about processes such as planetesimal formation, planetary differentiation, thermal evolution, and early collisional history. Meteorites...

they are also star systems. Star systems are not to be confused with planetary systems, which include planets and similar bodies (such as comets). A...

waves, and it has groups interested in planetary astronomy, cosmochemistry, astrobiology, remote sensing, planetary morphology, and space flight instrument...

updated planetary nomenclature, and mapping regions of the Moon, Mars, Phobos and Venus. She is one of the top cartographers for mapping planetary bodies...

Parker moved to the U.S. to work at the Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics (IGPP). He has subsequently built on work by Freeman Gilbert and...

"Mars". usgs.gov. Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature – International Astronomical Union (IAU) Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature (WGPSN)....

Magellan probe "Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature - Nanichi". International Astronomical Union (IAU) Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature. Retrieved...

postulated that orbits were heliocentric and elliptical (Kepler's first law of planetary motion). In 1687, Isaac Newton showed that elliptical orbits could be...

Commons has media related to Biblis Tholus. "Biblis Tholus". Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. USGS Astrogeology Research Program. Michael H. Carr (2006)...

Jupiter Systems with Multi-Sector TESS Photometry. I. No Companions in Planetary Systems KELT-18, KELT-23, KELT-24, Qatar-8, WASP-62, WASP-100, WASP-119...

NGC 5189 (Gum 47, IC 4274, nicknamed Spiral Planetary Nebula) is a planetary nebula in the constellation Musca. It was discovered by James Dunlop on 1...

Keller Entertainment Group (formerly Inter Planetary Pictures and American First Run Studios) is a film and television production company that was founded...

(born 1961; also published as Ellen S. Bus) is an American astronomer and planetary scientist who studies the composition and structure of asteroids and comets...

Executive Committee Working Group (ECWG) on Public Naming of Planets and Planetary Satellites, a group working parallel with the Working Group on Star Names...

Rotation et Transits planétaires; English: Convection, Rotation and planetary Transits) was a space telescope mission which operated from 2006 to 2013...

astrobiologist and physicist. He is known for his contributions to the field of planetary habitability. His father, Raimundo Chela a mathematician of Lebanese family...

PMID 17811197. S2CID 44313317. Abel, Paul (2013). "Saturn". Visual Lunar and Planetary Astronomy. The Patrick Moore Practical Astronomy Series. New York, NY:...

Residual Governance: How South Africa Foretells Planetary Futures is a 2023 book by historian and anthropologist Gabrielle Hecht that traces the environmental...

/ˈæpsɪˌdiːz/ AP-sih-deez) is the farthest or nearest point in the orbit of a planetary body about its primary body. The line of apsides (also called apse line...

responsibilities that come from being a "Captain" like his father. The Planetary Gears refer to Daichi as a "Neoteny." Daichi wears a white and red flight...

Odin Planitia, Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature, International Astronomical Union (IAU) Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature (WGPSN) SHADED...

substantial deceleration with respect to the central body or, for launch from a planetary surface, substantial acceleration to reach orbital speed. Higher energy...

Field in California, guiding research in Earth Science, Heliophysics, Planetary Science, and Astrophysics. Its responsibility is to define and direct...

forces, such as gravity, are balanced by a pressure-gradient force. In the planetary physics of Earth, the pressure-gradient force prevents gravity from collapsing...

intention but failed), organized by their planned destination. It includes planetary probes, solar probes, and probes to asteroids and comets. Flybys (such...

from the Mojave impact crater on Mars, and an estimate that an era of planetary migration in the Solar System occurred earlier than previously thought...

Michael Francis A'Hearn (November 17, 1940 – May 29, 2017) was an American planetary scientist and astronomy professor at the University of Maryland College...

insight that planetary orbits are not circular as had been previously assumed but elliptical and introduced a set of three laws of planetary motion. Kepler's...

Kuiper Prize in 1989 for outstanding lifetime achievement in the field of planetary science. Pollack died at his home in California in 1994 from a rare form...

to the remaining truth value of the term, narrowed to the scope of our planetary system. While the sphericity of Earth was widely recognized in Greco-Roman...

its 8-speed automatic transmission models with hydraulic converter and planetary gearsets for longitudinal engine applications. The 8HP is the first transmission...

effective temperature of 5,065 K, giving it a yellow-hue. Unlike most planetary hosts, HD 212771 is slightly metal deficient, and spins with a projected...

inverts any figure when added, giving it another meaning of change. Its planetary ruler is Chashmodai, its Intelligence is the Intelligence of Intelligences...

drifting further away with a heliocentric radial velocity of 17 km/s. A planetary system was discovered orbiting this star in 2021. The spectrum of HD 110113...

Janice Bishop is a planetary scientist known for her research into the minerals found on Mars. In 1988, Bishop earned a B.S. in chemistry and an M.S....

of the Virtual Planetary Laboratory. Turnbull is an authority on star systems which may have habitable planets, solar twins and planetary habitability....

Nalin H. Samarasinha (born 1958) is a Sri Lankan born planetary scientist and a discoverer of minor planets, who studies the dynamical evolution and processes...

Mz 1 (Menzel 1), is a bipolar planetary nebula (PN) in the constellation Norma. Menzel 1 is a bright planetary nebula that has a prominent central ring...

sub-Earth-mass planets (Barnard's Star b, c, d & e). Multiple claims for a planetary system had been proposed since the beginning of the twentieth century...

American Mineralogist: An International Journal of Earth and Planetary Materials is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering the general fields of...

and Planetary Science XXXVII: papers presented at the thirty-seventh Lunar and Planetary Science Conference March 13-17, 2006. Lunar and Planetary Science...

free dictionary. Plana may refer to: plural of Latin word Planum used in planetary geology Dídac Plana (born 1990), Spanish futsal player Giovanni Antonio...

20 volcanoes per year. Basalt is also an important rock type on other planetary bodies in the Solar System. For example, the bulk of the plains of Venus...

of June 30, 2015 June 30 – Venus and Jupiter come close together in a planetary conjunction; they came approximately 1/3 a degree apart. The conjunction...

film directed by Dejan Zečević A character in the Planetary comic book series. See List of Planetary characters#Elijah Snow 4 Man, officiating method used...

Sarah K. Noble (born 1975) is a planetary geologist and a program scientist in the Planetary Science Division at NASA Headquarters in Washington, D.C....

Kepler's second law. Epicycles were highly accurate at predicting apparent planetary motion, because, as Fourier analysis later showed, any smooth curve can...

law) is a formulaic prediction of spacing between planets in any given planetary system. The formula suggests that, extending outward, each planet should...

composed of 32 different images from four CCD sensors in the Wide Field and Planetary Camera 2 on board Hubble. The photograph was made with light emitted by...

published by the Minor Planets section of the Association of Lunar and Planetary Observers since 1973 and the editor-in-chief is Richard P. Binzel (Massachusetts...

circumstellar dust that formed from a planetary collision, causing irregular dimmings. Gaia-GIC-1 marks the first discovered planetary collision event found by the...

a planetary atmosphere - likely due to a major impact - as well as the re-entry through the atmosphere, of and collision with, a second planetary body...

selected as the highest priority Flagship-class mission by the 2023–2032 Planetary Science Decadal Survey, ahead of the Enceladus Orbilander and alongside...

Modern astrologers differ on the source of the correlations between planetary positions and configurations, on the one hand, and characteristics and...

Guidotti's script was spotted by executives at the production company Inter Planetary Curb, Vice President of Development Edward Gold and consultant Charles...

"Mars". usgs.gov. Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature – International Astronomical Union (IAU) Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature (WGPSN)....

that exist near the extremes of planetary conditions. The study of extreme habitats, both planetary and extra-planetary, was underpinned by the idea that...

Aeronomy can be divided into three main branches: terrestrial aeronomy, planetary aeronomy, and comparative aeronomy. Terrestrial aeronomy focuses on the...

groups such as the Mars Society and The Planetary Society. The energy needed for transfer between planetary orbits, or delta-v, is lowest at intervals...

Clown Face Nebula, Lion Nebula, or Caldwell 39, is a bipolar double-shell planetary nebula (PN). It was discovered by astronomer William Herschel in 1787...

primarily known for her work on meteorites. She is currently Professor of Planetary and Space Science at the Open University and is also the Chancellor of...

himself. Nye continued to advocate for science, becoming the CEO of The Planetary Society. He has written two bestselling books on science: Undeniable:...

Makenzie Lystrup (born c. 1977) is an American planetary scientist and Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and of SPIE....

atoms of a planetary atmosphere through numerous collisions with lighter atoms, typically hydrogen. This mechanism may explain why some planetary atmospheres...

0.30 mi) and has been observed extensively by the Arecibo Observatory planetary radar and the Goldstone Deep Space Network. Bennu was the target of the...

and time. Definition of the planetary surface and its properties. Chemical composition of the low atmosphere and the planetary surface. Ionospheric data...

(born 1970) is a professor of planetary science and cosmochemistry at the University of Arizona's Lunar and Planetary Laboratory. He is the principal...

a Kickstarter crowdfunding campaign for its real-time strategy title, Planetary Annihilation. The fundraiser produced over US$2.2 million in funds. The...

Mars). Perhaps inspired by Kepler (and quoting Kepler's third law of planetary motion), Jonathan Swift's satire Gulliver's Travels (1726) refers to two...

scientist and planetary scientist whose research involves the use of machine learning in the analysis of data and autonomous control of planetary rovers and...

criteria, including: the detection method used, the planet type, the planetary system type, the star type, and others. The choice of "first" depends...

Wow! signal Circumstellar habitable zone Extraterrestrial liquid water Planetary habitability Colonization of Europa Habitability of K-type main-sequence...

extraterrestrial bodies Timeline of space exploration Brian Harvey (2007). Russian planetary exploration. Springer. pp. 98–101. ISBN 978-0-387-46343-8. "Pioneer Venus...

astronomers who use the geophysical definition of a planet, two or three planetary-mass satellites – Earth's Moon, Io, and sometimes Europa – may also count...

Planetary Astrophysics (ISPA), and former director of ISPA, the country's prominent institution in the field of planetary astrophysics and planetary astronomy...

Theodore Neil Divine (1939–1994) was an American stellar astrophysicist and planetary scientist whose work centered on the understanding of star formation....

Planetary Names: Search Results, International Astronomical Union Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature (WGPSN) at Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature...

U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) through its Planetary Missions Program Office. The cost of each mission is capped at a lower...

Copernican model of the Solar System and the development of Kepler's laws of planetary motion. Io in particular was used for the first measurement of the speed...

contributions to the study of planetary origins, zodiacal dust bands, resonance effects of planetary satellites, mechanics of planetary rings, tidal interactions...

prevalence of various chemical elements in the Solar System, the theory of planetary formation, and constraints imposed or implied by the chemistry of the...

In December 2015, the IAU announced the winning name was Dagon. The planetary hypothesis has since fallen out of favor; more gathered data suggested...

Shannon Curry is a planetary physicist and the Principal Investigator of the NASA Mars Scout mission MAVEN (Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution). Curry...

477 0.423 0.597 0.823 0.677 0.641 This map shows the countries by their planetary-pressures-adjusted Human Development Index, The color indicators are as...

RCW 135 is a planetary nebula in Scorpius. It was discovered by Rudolph Minkowski in 1946. The nebula is a series of loops and arcs, surrounding a bright...

Directorate (SMD): the astrophysics, Earth science, heliophysics and planetary science divisions. "Large" refers to the budget of each mission, typically...

such matters under the terms “planetary quarantine” and later “planetary protection”, and has formulated a COSPAR planetary protection policy with associated...

is incorporated in transmissions in three forms: counter-shaft, full planetary (power shifts), and continuously variable transmissions. In this case...

is an American planetary scientist who works as a senior scientist and senior education and communication specialist at the Planetary Science Institute...

properties of Earth's crust and its evolution through time. The field of planetary tectonics extends the concept to other planets and moons. These processes...

rock formation. Geophysics also encompasses a broader Earth-system and planetary perspective, including the oceans, atmosphere, cryosphere, ionosphere...

celestial mechanics, planetary rings, helioseismology and neutron stars. He is the Lee DuBridge Professor of Astrophysics and Planetary Physics at California...

NGC 3918 is a bright planetary nebula in the constellation Centaurus, nicknamed the "Blue Planetary" or "The Southerner". It is the brightest of the far...

eccentricity exceeding 0.04 in order to match the observational constraints. Planetary systems with the best-fit masses from evolutionary models would be stable...

the Sun from other stars. The term sol with a lowercase s is used by planetary astronomers for the duration of a solar day on another planet such as...

Richard Stothers was an astronomer and planetary scientist with the Goddard Institute for Space Studies, which he joined in June 1961 as a graduate student...

object to another, as viewed from a third body. apsis In the orbit of a planetary body, one of the two extreme points of distance between the body and its...

The Planetary Fourier Spectrometer (PFS) is an infrared spectrometer built by the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (Italian National Institute for Astrophysics)...

Currently, this list includes both directly imaged planets and imaged planetary-mass companions (objects that orbit a star but formed through a binary-star-formation...

1953 – 25 March 2000) was an Italian scientist active in the field of planetary science and in particular in the study of asteroids and other small bodies...

This is a list of named catenae on Mars. In planetary geology, a catena is a chain of similarly sized craters. On Mars, they are named after nearby classical...

"Rick" P. Binzel (born 1958) is an American astronomer and professor of planetary sciences at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). He is a discoverer...

present in brown dwarfs and planetary-mass objects. The brown dwarf 2M1207 has a disk rich in hydrocarbons, and the planetary-mass object Cha 1107−7626...

astrophysicist and professor of planetary science at California Institute of Technology in the Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences. Her research is...

concept is being supported by the Ocean Worlds Exploration Program. NASA's Planetary Science Division delivered its report in early February 2017. This was...

The 3MV planetary probe (short for 3rd generation Mars-Venus) is a designation for a common design used by early Soviet unmanned probes to Mars and Venus...

Ian Andrew Crawford FRAS (born 1961) is a British professor of planetary science and astrobiology at Birkbeck, University of London in the United Kingdom...

extinction event being a worst-case scenario. Professor of Earth and planetary sciences James Zachos notes that IPCC projections for 2300 in the 'business-as-usual'...

entire solar system in space. Secular aberration is usually disregarded." Planetary aberration: "The apparent angular displacement of the observed position...

clusters have been observed surrounding NGC 1419, along with 21 planetary nebulae. These planetary nebulae reveal that the distance to NGC 1419 is approximately...

Planetary Instrument for X-Ray Lithochemistry (PIXL) is an X-ray fluorescence spectrometer to determine the fine scale elemental composition of Martian...

2022. He has served on the editorial board of several geological and planetary science journals, including serving as editor-in-chief for the journal...

Ingersoll (born 1940) is an American physicist. He is a professor of planetary science at the California Institute of Technology. Ingersoll was elected...

(2002). "1961" (PDF). Deep Space Chronicle: A Chronology of Deep Space and Planetary Probes 1958-2000. Monographs in Aerospace History, No. 24. NASA History...

Joshua L. Bandfield (1974 – June 2019) was an American planetary scientist. He was a co-investigator for the Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS)...

the funding of New Horizons in hopes of the mission appearing in the Planetary Science Decadal Survey, a prioritized "wish list", compiled by the United...

NGC 4463 is an open cluster in the constellation Musca. The young planetary nebula He 2-86 is believed to be a member of the cluster. "SIMBAD Astronomical...

Martha Scott Gilmore (born c. 1972) is an American planetary geologist. She is the George I. Seney Professor of Geology and Director of Graduate Studies...

Coradini (1 July 1946 – 4 September 2011) was an Italian astrophysicist and planetary scientist. In 1970 she completed a master's degree in physics at the University...

first four games in the series are set in or related to the fictional planetary system of Algol, and are single-player turn-based role-playing games....

this practice is controversial. The overwhelming consensus of Earth and planetary scientists is that tektites consist of terrestrial debris that was ejected...

larger ones, believing that they were usually better for viewing fine planetary details. He was assisted in setting up his observatory by William H. Pickering...

Camillo. Maria Antonella Barucci is also co-author of the astronomy and planetary science textbook The Solar System (2003) published by Springer-Verlag...

NGC 2438 is a planetary nebula in the southern constellation of Puppis. Parallax measurements by Gaia put the central star at a distance of roughly 1...

Hadean crust: evidence from> 4 Ga zircons". Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences. 37 (1): 479–505. Bibcode:2009AREPS..37..479H. doi:10.1146/annurev...

simulating the formation of proto-planets and plantessimals with a large planetary body. This simulation used the GRAPE-4 system. The LNS-based GRAPE-5 architecture...

counterpart of the Roman god Mars) summons Dread (Deimos) and Fear (Phobos). Planetary moons other than Earth's were never given symbols in the astronomical...

IC 2149 is a planetary nebula in the constellation of Auriga. It was discovered in 1906 by Harvard astronomer Williamina Fleming on photographic plates...

John F. Mustard is a planetary scientist and professor of Earth, Environmental, and Planetary Sciences at Brown University. He specializes in using remote...

gives an approximate relation between the moment of inertia factor of a planetary body and its rotational speed and shape. The moment of inertia factor...

science. There are also interdisciplinary fields such as astrophysics, planetary sciences, and cosmology, along with allied disciplines such as space physics...

French-American planetary scientist and isotope geochemist. He is a Chair Professor of geochemistry and cosmochemistry in the Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences...

Space Flight Center, who specializes in exoplanets, Archean geochemistry, planetary atmospheres, and astrobiology. Domagal-Goldman has a master's degree in...

predictions of future approaches. Apophis is the target of a number of planetary defense missions to study the asteroid during its 2029 close approach...

Archive Status - NASA". Retrieved 8 March 2026. "Missions to Mars". The Planetary Society. "Mars 3 Lander". NASA. Mars 3 was the first spacecraft to make...

Interstellar communication is the transmission of signals between planetary systems. Sending interstellar messages is potentially much easier than interstellar...

Nittler, and Brian J. Anderson. Cambridge Planetary Science. Chapter 9. "Yinshe Facula". Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. IAU/NASA/USGS. Retrieved 28...

into Planetary Bodies: Global Effects of the Giant Rheasilvia Impact Basin on Vesta". 43rd Lunar and Planetary Science Conference. Lunar and Planetary Science...

massive gas giant (~13 MJ) are debated. One school of thought is based on planetary formation; the other, on the physics of the interior of planets. Part...

system where both objects are planets, or planetary-mass objects, and whose barycenter is external to both planetary bodies. Although up to a third of the...

regions lie well beyond the heliosphere, one of two boundaries chosen by planetary scientists at the end of the Solar system. The Oort cloud extends to the...

a planetary nebula. One in five planetary nebulae are thought to be ejected from common envelopes, but this might be an underestimate. A planetary nebula...

catalogue of 86 planetary nebulae in 1966. The proper designation for the galaxy clusters is ACO, as in "ACO 13", while the planetary-nebula designation...

in engineering physics from Queen's University and a PhD in Earth and Planetary Science from Harvard University. From 2006 to 2007, she held the NOAA...

by the Executive Committee Working Group Public Naming of Planets and Planetary Satellites, including the names of stars adopted during the 2015 NameExoWorlds...