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Picophagea
	Chlamydomyxa montana
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Clade:	Diaphoretickes
Clade:	SAR
Clade:	Stramenopiles
Phylum:	Gyrista
Subphylum:	Ochrophytina
Superclass:	Limnistia
Class:	Picophagea; Cavalier-Smith 2006 emend. 2017
Orders
	Synchromales; Chlamydomyxales;
Synonyms
	Synchromophyceae S.Horn & C.Wilhelm 2007

Picophagea, also known as Synchromophyceae, is a class of photosynthetic stramenopiles.^[1]^[3]^[4] The chloroplast of the Synchromophyceae are surrounded by two membranes and arranged in a way where they share the outer pair of membranes. The entire chloroplast complex is surrounded by an additional two outer membranes.^[2]

Evolution

Synchromophyceae or Picophagea is a clade within the Ochrophyta that contains a few genera of amoeboid organisms such as the mixotrophic Synchromonas and the heterotrophic Chlamydomyxa, Leukarachnion and Picophagus.^[5] It is phylogenetically close to the classes Chrysophyceae and Eustigmatophyceae, within the SII clade.^[6]

Ochrophyta

SIII

Bacillariophyceae

	Pelagophyceae

	Dictyochophyceae

SI

Raphidophyceae

	Xanthophyceae

	Phaeophyceae

SII

	Olisthodiscophyceae

	Pinguiophyceae

Limnistia

	Synchromophyceae

	Chrysophyceae

Eustigmatophyceae

Taxonomy

According to AlgaeBase, the class contains only two genera:^[7]

Class Picophagea Cavalier-Smith 2006 emend. 2017 [=Synchromophyceae S.Horn & C.Wilhelm 2007]
- Order Synchromales Horn & Ehlers 2007
  - Family Synchromaceae Schnetter & Ehlers 2007
    - Genus Synchroma Schnetter 2007
- Order Chlamydomyxales
  - Family Chlamydomyxaceae
    - Genus Chlamydomyxa Archer 1875

However, the latest revision recognizes an additional four genera: Chrysopodocystis, Guanochroma, Leukarachnion and Picophagus.^[1]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Cavalier-Smith, Thomas (2017). "Kingdom Chromista and its eight phyla: a new synthesis emphasising periplastid protein targeting, cytoskeletal and periplastid evolution, and ancient divergences". Protoplasma. 255 (1): 297–357. doi:10.1007/s00709-017-1147-3. PMC 5756292. PMID 28875267.
^ ^a ^b Horn, Susanne; Ehlers, Katrin; Fritzsch, Guido; Gil-Rodríguez, María Candelaria; Wilhelm, Christian; Schnetter, Reinhard (July 2007). "Synchroma grande spec. nov. (Synchromophyceae class. nov., Heterokontophyta): An Amoeboid Marine Alga with Unique Plastid Complexes". Protist. 158 (3): 277–293. doi:10.1016/j.protis.2007.02.004. ISSN 1434-4610. PMID 17567535.
^ Ruggiero; et al. (2015), "Higher Level Classification of All Living Organisms", PLOS ONE, 10 (4): e0119248, Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1019248R, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0119248, PMC 4418965, PMID 25923521
^ Silar, Philippe (2016), "Protistes Eucaryotes: Origine, Evolution et Biologie des Microbes Eucaryotes", HAL Archives-ouvertes: 1–462
^ Schmidt, Maria; Horn, Susanne; Flieger, Kerstin; Ehlers, Katrin; Wilhelm, Christian; Schnetter, Reinhard (2012). "Synchroma pusillum sp. nov. and other New Algal Isolates with Chloroplast Complexes Confirm the Synchromophyceae (Ochrophyta) as a Widely Distributed Group of Amoeboid Algae". Protist. 163 (4): 544–559. doi:10.1016/j.protis.2011.11.009. PMID 22578425.
^ Dovilė Barcytė; Wenche Eikrem; Anette Engesmo; Sergio Seoane; Jens Wohlmann; Aleš Horák; Tatiana Yurchenko; Marek Eliáš (2 March 2021). "Olisthodiscus represents a new class of Ochrophyta". Journal of Phycology. 57 (4): 1094–1118. Bibcode:2021JPcgy..57.1094B. doi:10.1111/jpy.13155. hdl:10852/86515. PMID 33655496.
^ Guiry, M.D.; Guiry, G.M. (2016). "Synchromophyceae". AlgaeBase. Retrieved 2019-09-20.