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Peltophorum pterocarpum
	Flowers with buds
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Rosids
Order:	Fabales
Family:	Fabaceae
Subfamily:	Caesalpinioideae
Genus:	Peltophorum
Species:	P. pterocarpum
Binomial name
	Peltophorum pterocarpum; (DC.) K.Heyne
Synonyms
	Baryxylum inerme (Roxb.) Pierre ; Caesalpinia arborea Miq. ; Caesalpinia ferruginea Decne. ; Caesalpinia gleniei Thwaites ; Caesalpinia inermis Roxb. ; Inga pterocarpa DC. ; Inga pterocarpum DC. [Spelling variant] ; Peltophorum ferrugineum (Decne.) Benth. ; Peltophorum inerme (Roxb.) Naves ; Peltophorum roxburghii (G.Don) Degener ; Poinciana roxburghii G.Don ;

Peltophorum pterocarpum (commonly known as copperpod, yellow-flamboyant, yellow flametree, yellow poinciana or yellow-flame)^[2] is a species of Peltophorum, native to tropical southeastern Asia and a popular ornamental tree grown around the world.

Description

It is a deciduous tree growing to 15–25 m (rarely up to 50 m) tall, with a trunk diameter of up to 1 m belonging to Family Leguminosae and sub-family Caesalpiniaceaea. The leaves are bipinnate, 30–60 cm long, with 16–20 pinnae, each pinna with 20–40 oval leaflets 8–25 mm long and 4–10 mm broad. The flowers are yellow, 2.5–4 cm in diameter and produced in large compound raceme up to 20 cm long. Pollens are approximately 50 microns in size.

The fruit is a pod 5–10 cm long and 2.5 cm broad, red at first, ripening black, and containing one to four seeds. Trees begin to flower after about four years.^[3]^[4]

Although it is fast-growing[1] and very drought tolerant[2], the tree does not tolerate frost[3] and has a very short lifespan of a maximum of 50 years.[4]

Distribution

The Kalayaan Tree (Tree of Freedom or siar tree, *Peltophorum pterocarpum*, located near the front of the Malolos Cathedral).^[5]

Peltophorum pterocarpum is native to tropical southeast Asia and northern Australasia: in Australia (including islands off the Northern Territory coast); Sri Lanka; in Southeast Asia to Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam.^[2]^[3]

Uses

The tree is widely grown in tropical regions as an ornamental tree, particularly in India, Nigeria, Pakistan, and Florida and Hawaii in the United States. Used as decorating flower in Telangana State's Batukamma festival. The trees have been planted alternately in India, as a common scheme for avenue trees, with Delonix regia (Poinciana) to give a striking yellow and red effect in summer, as has been done on Hughes road in Mumbai.^[6]

The wood has a wide variety of uses, including cabinet-making^[7] and the foliage is used as a fodder crop.^[3] The brownish colour called sogan typical of batik cloth from inland Java in Indonesia is produced from P. pterocarpum, which is known there as soga.^[8]

References

^ "Peltophorum pterocarpum". International Legume Database & Information Service. Retrieved 30 Aug 2016 – via The Plant List. Note that this website has been superseded by World Flora Online
^ ^a ^b "Peltophorum pterocarpum (DC.) K.Heyne". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 30 Aug 2016.
^ ^a ^b ^c World AgroForestry Centre: Peltophorum pterocarpum
^ Huxley, A., ed. (1992). New RHS Dictionary of Gardening. Macmillan ISBN 0-333-47494-5.
^ "Beneath the Shade of the Kalayaan Tree". 1 May 2008.
^ Blatter, Ethelbert; Millard, Walter Samuel (1977) [1937]. Some beautiful Indian Trees (2 ed.). Mumbai: Bombay natural History Society. pp. 109–111.
^ McCann, Charles. (1966). 100 Beautiful Trees of India. (3/ed) Taraporevala, Mumbai. Pg 259.
^ Widianto, Eko (14 April 2014). "Malang Exhibits Royal Batik from Various Regions". Tempo. Retrieved 30 August 2016.