Paw Paw River

Paw Paw River
The Paw Paw River after a snowfall in Van Buren County, Michigan
Map
Location
CountryUnited States
StateMichigan
CountiesVan Buren, Berrien
Physical characteristics
SourceConfluence of North Branch Paw Paw River and South Branch Paw Paw River
 • locationNorth of Paw Paw
 • coordinates42°15′52″N 085°55′35″W / 42.26444°N 85.92639°W / 42.26444; -85.92639
 • elevation686 ft (209 m)
MouthSt. Joseph River
 • location
Benton Harbor
 • coordinates
42°06′45″N 086°28′15″W / 42.11250°N 86.47083°W / 42.11250; -86.47083[1]
 • elevation
581 ft (177 m)[1]
Length61.8 miles (99.5 km)
Basin features
Tributaries 
 • leftSouth Branch Paw Paw River, Carter Creek, Brush Creek, Hog Creek, Pine Creek, Mill Creek, Ryno Drain, Blue Creek, Sand Creek, Ox Creek
 • rightNorth Branch Paw Paw River, Butterfield Drain, Mud Lake Drain, Paw Paw Lake, Granger Drain

The Paw Paw River is located in the U.S. state of Michigan in the southwest portion of the lower peninsula. It is formed by the confluence of the north and south branches at 42°15′17″N 85°55′36″W / 42.25472°N 85.92667°W / 42.25472; -85.92667[1][2][3] in Waverly Township in the northeast of Van Buren County. It flows approximately 61.8 miles (99.5 km)[4] through Van Buren County and Berrien County until joining the St. Joseph River just above its mouth on Lake Michigan at Benton Harbor.

History

Native Americans named the Paw Paw River after the paw paw fruit that grew abundantly along the river's banks.[5]

Ecology and conservation

The watershed includes rare Great Lakes marshes and floodplain forests, which serve as habitats for migratory birds such as the prothonotary warbler (commonly known as the golden swamp warbler), as well as the endangered Mitchell's satyr butterfly. Other rare species include the massasauga rattlesnake and the spotted turtle.

In November 2003, The Nature Conservancy announced the purchase of 139 acres (0.6 km2) in the Paw Paw Prairie Fen, located in the East Branch of the river near Mattawan. The Sarett Nature Center owns 800 acres (3.2 km2) of along the river in Berrien County, just north of Benton Harbor.

The Paw Paw River has 39 species of fish including walleye, bass, bluegill, black crappie, and northern pike. The mainstem is a coolwater stream as evidenced by the presence of burbot and mottled sculpin, it also contains hornyhead chub, common shiner, johnny darter, and walleye. Several riparian wetlands provide excellent habitat for northern pike. The fish community near the mouth is influenced by its proximity to Lake Michigan, and steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) are stocked there. Potamodromous trout and salmon have access to most of the river system, and are shore-fished in the fall upstream of Hartford.[6] There are 24 registered dams within the Paw Paw River sub-watershed, but these dams are all low head dams or on small tributaries, so potamodromous trout and salmon can migrate into its headwaters at Campbell Creek.

Watershed

The watershed covers about 445 square miles (1,150 km2), mostly in Van Buren County, and also drains a tiny portion of Kalamazoo County.

Tributaries of the main branch include:

North branch tributaries include:

  • Brandywine Creek
  • Hayden Creek
  • Ritter Creek
  • Todd Drain
  • Campbell Creek

The north branch headwaters arise in springs near the Wolf Lake State Fish Hatchery.

South branch tributaries include:

  • The east branch is about 8.5 miles (14 km) long and arises from two main sources: Paw Paw Lake (in Kalamazoo County) and Mattawan Creek in the village of Mattawan. It joins the South Branch in the city of Paw Paw.[7]
  • Three Mile Lake Drain, south of Paw Paw
  • Eagle Lake Drain, south of Paw Paw
  • Lawton Drain, east of Lawton

The south branch headwaters arise in Decatur Township in eastern Van Buren County.

References

  1. ^ a b c U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Paw Paw River
  2. ^ U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: North Branch Paw Paw River
  3. ^ U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: South Branch Paw Paw River
  4. ^ U.S. Geological Survey. National Hydrography Dataset high-resolution flowline data. The National Map, accessed May 19, 2011
  5. ^ Romig, Walter (1973). Michigan Place Names, p. 432. Wayne State University Press (1986 reprint). ISBN 0-8143-1838-X.
  6. ^ Jay K. Wesley; Joan A. Duffy (September 1999). St. Joseph River Assessment:Fisheries Report 24 (PDF) (Report). Michigan Department of Natural Resources. pp. 1–116. Retrieved 2011-05-15.
  7. ^ U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: East Branch Paw Paw River