Paul Schmitthenner

Paul Schmitthenner
Born15 December 1884
Lauterburg, Elsass-Lothringen, German Empire
Died11 November 1972
Munich, West Germany
NationalityGerman
Alma materKarlsruhe Institute of Technology, University of Stuttgart, Technical University of Munich
OccupationArchitect
Spouse(s)Marie Charlotte, geb. Schütz, Elisabeth Prüß
ChildrenMartin, Hansjörg, Barbara, Johannes

Paul Schmitthenner (born Lauterburg, Elsass-Lothringen, Germany 15 December 1884 – 11 November 1972) was a German architect, city planner and Professor at the University of Stuttgart.

During Nazi Germany, Schmitthenner was one of Adolf Hitler's architects.[1]

Early life and education

He studied at the Technische Hochschulen of Karlsruhe and Munich and later became a Professor at the University of Stuttgart, where he formed together with Paul Bonatz the architectural style of the Stuttgart School.

Architecture

His belief that the traditional methods and styles in architecture revealed best the German character led to his appointment as expert group leader for fine arts in the Kampfbund. He believed that Schönheit ruht in Ordnung (German: "Beauty lies in (geometric) order"). Schmitthenner was in open opposition to modern architects like Walter Gropius. For him, Goethe's cottage at Weimar was still the ideal type of the German residential building. However, despite official approval, his enthusiasm did not bring many large commissions.

World War II

In 1935, Nazi propaganda minister Joseph Goebbels decreed that war memorials were not to list the names of Jewish soldiers. However, this decree went largely unenforced. In 1938, Schmitthenner, the rector at Stuttgart, wrote to the Baden Ministry of Culture that it was "intolerable that names of members of the Jewish race remain on plaques of the war dead ... I consider the removal of the Jewish names necessary." It was forwarded to Hitler, who decreed that Jewish names on existing memorials and plaques would not be removed.[1]

Later life

Schmitthenner's son Martin was killed during World War II in France.[2] Schitthenner's home, built in 1922 and known as the 'Noah's Ark over Stuttgart', was destroyed in a bombing raid in 1944.[2]

He had to leave his chair at the University after the war without a pension and worked as an architect till the end of his life. In Stuttgart, he built the "Königin-Olga-Bau" for the Dresdner Bank in 1950.

Works

Baugestaltung. Das Deutsche Wohnhaus, 1932.

  • Königin-Olga-Bau in Stuttgart
    Königin-Olga-Bau in Stuttgart
  • Villa Zerweck in the Feuerbacher Heide
    Villa Zerweck in the Feuerbacher Heide
  • The villa for the Roser family of factory owners (Villa Roser)
    The villa for the Roser family of factory owners (Villa Roser)
  • Works housing estate Piesteritz
    Works housing estate Piesteritz
  • Main building of the Bourdon German war cemetery
    Main building of the Bourdon German war cemetery

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Remy, Steven P. (2002). The Heidelberg Myth: The Nazification and Denazification of a German University. Harvard University Press. p. 83. ISBN 978-0-674-00933-2.
  2. ^ a b Pepchinski, Mary; Budde, Christina (2022-09-30). Women Architects and Politics: Intersections between Gender, Power Structures and Architecture in the Long 20th Century. transcript Verlag. p. 68. ISBN 978-3-8394-5630-9.
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